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# LCD Compendium

Finding Classic Literature from around the world.

## Sitemaps

- [XML Sitemap](https://lcdcompendium.com/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website.

## Posts

- [Blog](https://lcdcompendium.com/blog-2/)
- [Robert Creeley](https://lcdcompendium.com/robert-creeley/) - Robert White Creeley (May 21, 1926 – March 30, 2005) was an American poet and writer who authored more than 60 books. He was linked to the Black Mountain poets, though his style of writing was different from theirs. Creeley had close relationships with other writers, including Charles Olson, Robert Duncan, Allen Ginsberg, John Wieners, and Ed Dorn.
- [Hart Crane](https://lcdcompendium.com/hart-crane/) - Harold Hart Crane (July 21, 1899 – April 27, 1932) was an American poet. He was influenced by Romantic poets and other Modernist writers. Crane wrote poetry that was highly detailed and often difficult to understand.
- [Sara Jane Crafts](https://lcdcompendium.com/sara-jane-crafts/) - Sara Jane Crafts (born as Timanus; used the name Mrs. Wilbur F. Crafts; August 15, 1845 – May 2, 1930) was an American social reformer, author, lecturer, and teacher.
- [Jim Crace](https://lcdcompendium.com/jim-crace/) - James Crace FRSL (born 1 March 1946) is an English writer who writes novels, plays, and short stories. In 1999, he became a member of the Royal Society of Literature. He was born in Hertfordshire and taught at the University of Texas at Austin.
- [James Gould Cozzens](https://lcdcompendium.com/james-gould-cozzens/) - James Gould Cozzens (August 19, 1903 – August 9, 1978) was an American writer who won a Pulitzer Prize and was widely read and praised for more than 30 years. His 1949 Pulitzer Prize was for the novel Guard of Honor, a book about World War II that many critics called one of the most important stories about the war. In 1957, his novel By Love Possessed was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize and later became a popular movie in 1961.
- [Noël Coward](https://lcdcompendium.com/noel-coward/) - Sir Noël Peirce Coward (16 December 1899 – 26 March 1973) was an English writer, musician, director, actor, and singer. He was known for his cleverness, showy style, and a sense of personal style, as described by Time magazine as "a mix of confidence and elegance, attitude and grace." As a child, Coward studied dance at an academy in London and began his professional stage career at age 11. During his teenage years, he became part of high society, which influenced the settings of many of his plays.
- [Bryce Courtenay](https://lcdcompendium.com/bryce-courtenay/) - Arthur Bryce Courtenay, AM (14 August 1933 – 22 November 2012) was a South African and Australian advertising director and novelist. He is one of Australia's best-selling authors, known for his book The Power of One.
- [Thomas B. Costain](https://lcdcompendium.com/thomas-b-costain-2/) - Thomas Bertram Costain (May 8, 1885 – October 8, 1965) was a Canadian and American journalist. He became a best-selling author of historical novels when he was 57 years old.
- [Jayne Cortez](https://lcdcompendium.com/jayne-cortez/) - Jayne Cortez was born on May 10, 1934, and passed away on December 28, 2012. She was an African-American poet, activist, small press publisher, and spoken-word performance artist. Her work is considered an important part of the Black Arts Movement.
- [Julio Cortázar](https://lcdcompendium.com/julio-cortazar-2/) - Julio Florencio Cortázar (Latin American Spanish: [ˈxuljo koɾˈtasaɾ]; August 26, 1914 – February 12, 1984) was an Argentine writer who later became a French citizen. He was a novelist, short story writer, poet, essayist, and translator. Cortázar is known as one of the founders of the Latin American Boom, a movement that greatly influenced Spanish-speaking readers and writers in America and Europe.
- [Gregory Corso](https://lcdcompendium.com/gregory-corso/) - Gregory Nunzio Corso was born on March 26, 1930, and died on January 17, 2001. He was an American poet. He was part of a group called the Beat Generation, which included Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, and William S.
- [Bernard Cornwell](https://lcdcompendium.com/bernard-cornwell/) - Bernard Cornwell OBE (born 23 February 1944) is an English writer known for writing historical novels and a book about the Waterloo campaign. He is most famous for his series of novels about Richard Sharpe, a soldier during the Napoleonic Wars. He also wrote The Saxon Stories, a series of thirteen books about the unification of England.
- [Cid Corman](https://lcdcompendium.com/cid-corman/) - Cid (Sidney) Corman (June 29, 1924 – March 12, 2004) was a poet, translator, and editor. He was especially known for editing the magazine Origin and played an important role in the history of American poetry during the second half of the 20th century.
- [Robert Coover](https://lcdcompendium.com/robert-coover/) - Robert Lowell Coover was born on February 4, 1932, and passed away on October 5, 2024. He was an American novelist and short story writer. He also served as a retired professor in Literary Arts at Brown University, known as the T.
- [Robin Cook](https://lcdcompendium.com/robin-cook/) - Robert Finlayson "Robin" Cook (28 February 1946 – 6 August 2005) was a member of the British Labour Party. He served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1974 until his death in 2005. He held the position of Foreign Secretary in the Cabinet from 1997 to 2001, when he was replaced by Jack Straw.
- [Thomas B. Costain](https://lcdcompendium.com/thomas-b-costain/) - Thomas Bertram Costain was born on May 8, 1885, and died on October 8, 1965. He was a Canadian-born American journalist who became a best-selling author of books about history when he was 57 years old.
- [Pat Conroy](https://lcdcompendium.com/pat-conroy/) - Donald Patrick Conroy was born on October 26, 1945, and died on March 4, 2016. He was an American author who wrote many well-received novels and memoirs. His books The Water Is Wide, The Lords of Discipline, The Prince of Tides, and The Great Santini were made into films.
- [Joseph Conrad](https://lcdcompendium.com/joseph-conrad/) - Joseph Conrad, born Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski, was a Polish-British novelist and story writer. He is considered one of the greatest writers in the English language. Although he did not speak English fluently until his twenties and always had a strong foreign accent, he became a skilled writer who brought new ideas from outside England into English literature.
- [Michael Connelly](https://lcdcompendium.com/michael-connelly/) - Michael Joseph Connelly was born on July 21, 1956. He is an American writer who writes detective novels and other crime stories. He is especially known for writing about LAPD Detective Hieronymus "Harry" Bosch and a criminal defense lawyer named Mickey Haller.
- [Laurie Colwin](https://lcdcompendium.com/laurie-colwin/) - Laurie Colwin was born on June 14, 1944, and passed away on October 24, 1992. She was an American writer who created five novels, three books with short stories, and two books containing essays and recipes. Her writing often focused on life in New York society, and she wrote food articles for Gourmet magazine.
- [Jackie Collins](https://lcdcompendium.com/jackie-collins/) - Jacqueline Jill Collins was born on October 4, 1937, and passed away on September 19, 2015. She was an English writer of romance novels and an actress. In 1985, she moved to Los Angeles, where she worked for most of her career.
- [Colette](https://lcdcompendium.com/colette/) - Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette (French: [sidɔni ɡabʁijɛl kɔlɛt]; January 28, 1873 – August 3, 1954) was a French author and writer. She was also a mime, actress, and journalist. Colette is most famous in English-speaking countries for her 1944 novella Gigi, which inspired the 1958 film and the 1973 stage play of the same name.
- [Alice Blanchard Coleman](https://lcdcompendium.com/alice-blanchard-coleman/) - Alice Blanchard Coleman (born as Merriam; writing name, Mrs. George W. Coleman; May 7, 1858 – October 22, 1936) was a leader in an American group that helped spread religious beliefs.
- [Isabel Colegate](https://lcdcompendium.com/isabel-colegate/) - Isabel Diana Colegate FRSL was born on September 10, 1931, and passed away on March 12, 2023. She was a British author and literary agent.
- [H. Maria George Colby](https://lcdcompendium.com/h-maria-george-colby/) - H. Maria George Colby (born George; also known as Clinton Montague, H. M.
- [Yolande Cohen](https://lcdcompendium.com/yolande-cohen/) - Yolande Cohen was born in 1950. She is a historian and professor from Canada who was born in Morocco. Her work studies the history of young people and the history of women.
- [Leonard Cohen](https://lcdcompendium.com/leonard-cohen/) - Leonard Norman Cohen was born on September 21, 1934, and died on November 7, 2016. He was a Canadian songwriter, singer, poet, and novelist. His work often focused on themes such as faith and death, loneliness and sadness, betrayal and forgiveness, social and political issues, love, desire, regret, and loss.
- [J. M. Coetzee](https://lcdcompendium.com/j-m-coetzee/) - John Maxwell Coetzee AC FRSL OMG (born February 9, 1940) is a South African and Australian writer, essayist, linguist, and translator. He received the 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature and is one of the most highly praised and honored authors in the English language. He has won the Booker Prize twice, the CNA Literary Award three times, the Jerusalem Prize, the Prix Femina étranger, and The Irish Times International Fiction Prize.
- [Jonathan Coe](https://lcdcompendium.com/jonathan-coe/) - Jonathan Coe (born August 19, 1961) is an English author who writes novels and other works. His writing often focuses on political topics, but he uses humor and satire to explore these serious issues. For example, his book What a Carve Up!
- [Jean Cocteau](https://lcdcompendium.com/jean-cocteau/) - Jean Maurice Eugène Clément Cocteau (UK: /ˈkɒktoʊ/ KOK-toh, US: /kɒkˈtoʊ/ kok-TOH; French: [ʒɑ̃ mɔʁis øʒɛn klemɑ̃ kɔkto]; 5 July 1889 – 11 October 1963) was a French poet, playwright, novelist, designer, film director, visual artist, and critic. He was one of the most important innovative artists of the 20th century and had a major influence on the Surrealist and Dadaist movements, among others. The National Observer said, "of the artistic generation whose daring gave birth to Twentieth Century Art, Cocteau came closest to being a Renaissance man." He is best known for his novels Le Grand Écart (1923), Le Livre blanc (1928), and Les Enfants Terribles (1929); the stage plays La Voix Humaine (1930), La Machine Infernale (1934), Les Parents terribles (1938), La Machine à écrire (1941), and L'Aigle à deux têtes (1946); and the films The Blood of a Poet (1930), Les Parents Terribles (1948), Beauty and the Beast (1946), Orpheus (1950), and Testament of Orpheus (1960).
- [Sarah Johnson Cocke](https://lcdcompendium.com/sarah-johnson-cocke/) - Sarah Johnson Cocke (born Johnson; later named Hagan after her first marriage and Cocke after her second marriage; February 7, 1865 – January 20, 1944) was an American writer and community leader. She was also involved in several women’s organizations. Cocke wrote Southern fiction books, including Bypaths in Dixie, Master of the Hills, and Old Mammy Tales from Dixie Land.
- [Harlan Coben](https://lcdcompendium.com/harlan-coben/) - Harlan Coben was born on January 4, 1962. He is an American writer who writes mystery and thriller books. The stories in his books often involve past events that were not solved or misunderstood, murders, or accidents.
- [Eldridge Cleaver](https://lcdcompendium.com/eldridge-cleaver/) - Leroy Eldridge Cleaver (August 31, 1935 – May 1, 1998) was an African American writer, political activist, and fashion designer. He was also a convicted rapist and an early leader of the Black Panther Party, where he served as Minister of Information. While in exile, he became the Head of the International Section of the Panthers.
- [James Clavell](https://lcdcompendium.com/james-clavell/) - Charles Edmund Dumaresq Clavell (10 October 1921 – 7 September 1994), known as James Clavell, was a British and American writer, filmmaker, and British Army officer during the Second World War. He is best known for writing the Asian Saga novels, many of which were adapted into television shows and movies. Clavell also wrote screenplays for films such as The Fly (1958), which was based on a short story by George Langelaan, and The Great Escape (1963), which was based on the personal account of Paul Brickhill.
- [Paul Claudel](https://lcdcompendium.com/paul-claudel/) - Paul Claudel (French: [pɔl klodɛl]; August 6, 1868 – February 23, 1955) was a French poet, playwright, and diplomat. He was the younger brother of Camille Claudel, a sculptor. He is best known for his poetic plays, which often express his strong Catholic faith, and for ensuring his sister received proper care.
- [Walter Van Tilburg Clark](https://lcdcompendium.com/walter-van-tilburg-clark/) - Walter Van Tilburg Clark was born on August 3, 1909, and died on November 10, 1971. He was an American novelist, short story writer, poet, and teacher. He is considered one of Nevada's most important literary figures of the 20th century.
- [Mary Higgins Clark](https://lcdcompendium.com/mary-higgins-clark/) - Mary Higgins Clark (born Mary Theresa Eleanor Higgins; December 24, 1927 – January 31, 2020) was an American author who wrote suspense novels. She wrote 51 books, all of which were best-selling in the United States and several European countries. As of 2015, all her novels were still available for sale, and her first suspense novel, Where Are the Children?, had been printed 75 times.
- [Kenneth Clark](https://lcdcompendium.com/kenneth-clark/) - Kenneth Mackenzie Clark, Baron Clark (13 July 1903 – 21 May 1983), was a British art historian, museum director, and television presenter. He studied many artists and time periods, but he is best known for his work on Italian Renaissance art, especially the art of Leonardo da Vinci. Before becoming famous on television, Clark managed two art galleries in the 1930s and 1940s.
- [Arthur C. Clarke](https://lcdcompendium.com/arthur-c-clarke/) - Sir Arthur Charles Clarke CBE FRAS (16 December 1917 – 19 March 2008) was an English science fiction writer, science writer, futurist, inventor, undersea explorer, and television series host. Clarke was a science fiction writer, a strong supporter of space travel, and a well-known futurist. He wrote many books and essays for popular magazines.
- [Tom Clancy](https://lcdcompendium.com/tom-clancy/) - Thomas Leo Clancy Jr. (April 12, 1947 – October 1, 2013) was an American writer. He is most famous for writing techno-thriller novels, which include technical details about espionage and military science.
- [Carolyn Chute](https://lcdcompendium.com/carolyn-chute/) - Carolyn Chute (born Carolyn Penny; June 14, 1947) is an American writer and political activist known for her connection to the rural, poor communities of western Maine. Rod Dreher, who wrote for The American Conservative, described Chute as "a Maine novelist and gun enthusiast who, along with her husband, lives a very different life in the rural areas of Maine." She has received the PEN New England Award.
- [Eugenia Chuprina](https://lcdcompendium.com/eugenia-chuprina/) - Eugenia Volodymyrivna Chuprina (Ukrainian: Євгенія Володимирівна Чуприна; pen name, Пані Друїдеса (Mrs. Druids); born July 24, 1971) is a modern Ukrainian poet, writer, and playwright. She serves as the head of the Organizing Committee for the International Prize, Olesya Ulyanenko.
- [Daria Chubata](https://lcdcompendium.com/daria-chubata/) - Daria Dmytrivna Chubata (Ukrainian: Чубата Дарія Дмитрівна; born July 27, 1940) is a Ukrainian doctor, writer, and community leader. She joined the National Union of Journalists of Ukraine in 2003 and served as a member of the Ternopil Oblast Council twice, from 1998 to 2002 and again from 2002 to 2006. In 1980, she received the award Distinguished Healthcare Worker of the USSR.
- [Agatha Christie](https://lcdcompendium.com/agatha-christie/) - Agatha Mary Clarissa Mallowan, Lady Mallowan (born Miller, September 15, 1890 – January 12, 1976), was an English writer best known by her married name, Agatha Christie. She wrote 66 detective novels and 14 short-story collections. Her most famous fictional detectives include Hercule Poirot (first introduced in The Mysterious Affair at Styles in 1920), Tommy and Tuppence (first in The Secret Adversary in 1922), and Miss Marple (first in The Murder at the Vicarage in 1930).
- [Erskine Childers (author)](https://lcdcompendium.com/erskine-childers-author/) - Robert Erskine Childers DSC (25 June 1870 – 24 November 1922), often called Erskine Childers, was an English-born Irish nationalist. He became known as a writer for his descriptions of the Second Boer War, his novel The Riddle of the Sands (1903), which told a story about Germany planning to attack England by sea, and his ideas about how Ireland could gain independence. Childers believed in the British Empire and volunteered to fight in the Second Boer War in South Africa.
- [Lee Child](https://lcdcompendium.com/lee-child/) - James Dover Grant CBE (born October 29, 1954) is a British author who writes thriller novels. He is best known by his pen name, Lee Child, and for his series of books featuring Jack Reacher. The stories follow Jack Reacher, a former American military policeman who travels across the United States.
- [Tracy Chevalier](https://lcdcompendium.com/tracy-chevalier/) - Tracy Rose Chevalier was born on October 19, 1962. She is an American and British author. She is most famous for her second book, Girl with a Pearl Earring, which was made into a movie in 2003.
- [G. K. Chesterton](https://lcdcompendium.com/g-k-chesterton/) - Gilbert Keith Chesterton was born on May 29, 1874, and died on June 14, 1936. He was an English writer who defended Christian beliefs. His clever writing style, use of surprising ideas, and support for traditional values made him an important figure in early 20th-century literature.
- [C. J. Cherryh](https://lcdcompendium.com/c-j-cherryh/) - Carolyn Janice Cherry, born on September 1, 1942, is an American writer who writes speculative fiction. She is better known by her pen name, C. J.
- [Kelly Cherry](https://lcdcompendium.com/kelly-cherry/) - Kelly Cherry was born on December 21, 1940, and passed away on March 18, 2022. She was an American writer, poet, professor, and literary critic who served as Poet Laureate of Virginia from 2010 to 2012. She wrote over 30 books, including poetry collections such as Songs for a Soviet Composer, Death and Transfiguration, Rising Venus, and The Retreats of Thought.
- [John Cheever](https://lcdcompendium.com/john-cheever/) - John William Cheever (May 27, 1912 – June 18, 1982) was an American writer who wrote short stories and novels. He was sometimes called "the Chekhov of the suburbs." His stories and novels are set in places such as the Upper East Side of Manhattan, the Westchester suburbs, old New England villages near Quincy, Massachusetts, where he was born, and Italy, especially Rome. Some of his short stories include "The Enormous Radio," "Goodbye, My Brother," "The Five-Forty-Eight," "The Country Husband," and "The Swimmer." He also wrote five novels: The Wapshot Chronicle (1958, which won the National Book Award), The Wapshot Scandal (1965, which won the William Dean Howells Medal), Bullet Park (1969), Falconer (1977), and a novella titled Oh What a Paradise It Seems (1982).
- [Bruce Chatwin](https://lcdcompendium.com/bruce-chatwin/) - Charles Bruce Chatwin FRSL (13 May 1940 – 18 January 1989) was an English writer, novelist, and journalist. His first book, In Patagonia (1977), helped make him famous as a travel writer, even though he thought of himself as a storyteller, interested in sharing unusual stories. He won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for his novel On the Black Hill (1982), and his novel Utz (1988) was nominated for the Booker Prize.
- [René Char](https://lcdcompendium.com/rene-char/) - René Émile Char (French: [ʁəne ʃaʁ]; born June 14, 1907; died February 19, 1988) was a French poet who was part of the French Resistance during World War II.
- [Raymond Chandler](https://lcdcompendium.com/raymond-chandler/) - Raymond Thornton Chandler was born on July 23, 1888, and died on March 26, 1959. He was a novelist and screenwriter who lived in both the United States and Britain. In 1932, at the age of 44, Chandler began writing detective fiction after losing his job as an executive for an oil company during the Great Depression, a time when many people struggled to find work and money was scarce.
- [Elizabeth Chadwick](https://lcdcompendium.com/elizabeth-chadwick/) - Elizabeth Chadwick, who was born in 1957, is an author who writes historical fiction. She is a member of Regia Anglorum, a medieval reenactment group.
- [Blaise Cendrars](https://lcdcompendium.com/blaise-cendrars/) - Frédéric-Louis Sauser (September 1, 1887 – January 21, 1961), better known as Blaise Cendrars (French: [sɑ̃dʁaʁ]), was a Swiss-born novelist and poet. He became a naturalized French citizen in 1916. Cendrars was a writer who had a significant impact on the European modernist movement.
- [Louis-Ferdinand Céline](https://lcdcompendium.com/louis-ferdinand-celine/) - Louis Ferdinand Auguste Destouches (27 May 1894 – 1 July 1961), known as Louis-Ferdinand Céline, was a French writer, doctor, and person who expressed strong opinions. His first book, Journey to the End of the Night (1932), won the Prix Renaudot award but caused disagreement among critics. This was because Céline wrote about life in a negative way and used the language of working people.
- [Paul Celan](https://lcdcompendium.com/paul-celan/) - Paul Celan ( / ˈ s ɛ l æ n / ; German: [ˈtseːlaːn] ; born Paul Antschel ; 23 November 1920 – c. 20 April 1970) was a poet who wrote in German, a survivor of the Holocaust, and a translator of literary works. After World War II, he chose to use a pen name, which is an anagram of his original Romanian name, Ancel.
- [Camilo José Cela](https://lcdcompendium.com/camilo-jose-cela/) - Camilo José Cela y Trulock, 1st Marquess of Iria Flavia (Spanish: [kamilo xoˈse ˈθela]; 11 May 1916 – 17 January 2002) was a Spanish writer, poet, short story writer, and essayist. He was part of the Generation of '36 movement. He received the 1989 Nobel Prize in Literature for his rich and detailed writing style, which showed how people can be vulnerable with kindness and care.
- [Edgar Cayce](https://lcdcompendium.com/edgar-cayce/) - Edgar Cayce (March 18, 1877 – January 3, 1945) was an American man known for having special abilities. He claimed to be able to diagnose illnesses and suggest treatments while sleeping. During thousands of recorded sessions, Cayce answered questions about healing, reincarnation, dreams, the afterlife, past lives, nutrition, Atlantis, and future events.
- [Constantine P. Cavafy](https://lcdcompendium.com/constantine-p-cavafy/) - Konstantinos Petrou Kavafis (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Πέτρου Καβάφης [ka'vafis]; 29 April (OS 17 April), 1863 – 29 April 1933), known in English as Constantine P. Cavafy and often published as C. P.
- [Sarah Caudwell](https://lcdcompendium.com/sarah-caudwell/) - Sarah Cockburn (born May 27, 1939; died January 28, 2000) wrote books under the name Sarah Caudwell. She was a British lawyer and author of detective stories. Between 1980 and 1999, she wrote four murder mystery books.
- [Willa Cather](https://lcdcompendium.com/willa-cather/) - Willa Sibert Cather (born Wilella Sibert Cather; December 7, 1873 – April 24, 1947) was an American writer known for her books about life on the Great Plains. Some of her famous works include O Pioneers!, The Song of the Lark, and My Ántonia. In 1923, she received the Pulitzer Prize for her novel One of Ours, which is set during World War I.
- [Rosario Castellanos](https://lcdcompendium.com/rosario-castellanos/) - Rosario Castellanos Figueroa (Spanish pronunciation: [roˈsaɾjo kasteˈʝanos]; 25 May 1925 – 7 August 1974) was a Mexican poet and writer. She was one of Mexico’s most important literary figures in the 20th century. During her life, she wrote clearly about problems related to culture and gender inequality.
- [Carlos Castaneda](https://lcdcompendium.com/carlos-castaneda/) - Carlos Castaneda was born on December 25, 1925, and died on April 27, 1998. He was a Peruvian-American writer who studied anthropology. Beginning in 1968, Castaneda wrote a series of books that described his claimed training in shamanism under the guidance of a Yaqui "Man of Knowledge" named Don Juan Matus.
- [Joyce Cary](https://lcdcompendium.com/joyce-cary/) - Arthur Joyce Lunel Cary (7 December 1888 – 29 March 1957), known as Joyce Cary, was a writer and government worker from Ireland and Britain. He is best known for writing the books Mister Johnson and The Horse's Mouth.
- [Raymond Carver](https://lcdcompendium.com/raymond-carver/) - Raymond Clevie Carver Jr. (May 25, 1938 – August 2, 1988) was an American short story writer and poet. He published his first collection of stories, Will You Please Be Quiet, Please?, in 1976.
- [Angela Carter](https://lcdcompendium.com/angela-carter/) - Angela Olive Pearce, born Angela Stalker and later known as Angela Carter, was an English writer who wrote novels, short stories, poems, and articles. She is best known for her book The Bloody Chamber, published in 1979. In 1984, her short story "The Company of Wolves" was made into a film with the same title.
- [Alejo Carpentier](https://lcdcompendium.com/alejo-carpentier-2/) - Alejo Carpentier y Valmont (Spanish pronunciation: [karpanˈtje], French pronunciation: [kaʁpɑ̃tje]; December 26, 1904 – April 24, 1980) was a Cuban novelist, essayist, and musicologist who had a major influence on Latin American literature during its "boom" period. He was born in Lausanne, Switzerland, to French and Russian parents but grew up in Havana, Cuba. Despite being born in Europe, he considered himself Cuban for his entire life.
- [Robert Caro](https://lcdcompendium.com/robert-caro/) - Robert Allan Caro (born October 30, 1935) is an American journalist and writer best known for writing books about important American leaders, Robert Moses and Lyndon Johnson. After working as a reporter for many years, Caro wrote The Power Broker (1974), a book about Robert Moses, a New York city planner. This book was named one of the 100 greatest nonfiction books of the 20th century by the Modern Library.
- [Jan Carew](https://lcdcompendium.com/jan-carew/) - Jan Rynveld Carew (24 September 1920 – 6 December 2012) was a novelist, playwright, poet, and teacher born in Guyana. He lived in several countries, including the Netherlands, Mexico, the United Kingdom, France, Spain, Ghana, Jamaica, Canada, and the United States. Carew’s works, which varied in style and covered many different topics, made him an important intellectual in the Caribbean region.
- [Orson Scott Card](https://lcdcompendium.com/orson-scott-card/) - Orson Scott Card was born on August 24, 1951, and is an American writer best known for his science fiction books. As of 2024, he is the only person to have won both a Hugo Award and a Nebula Award in one year, for his novel Ender's Game (1985) and its follow-up book Speaker for the Dead (1986). A movie version of Ender's Game, which Card helped produce, was released in 2013.
- [Truman Capote](https://lcdcompendium.com/truman-capote/) - Truman Garcia Capote ( / k ə ˈ p oʊ t i / kə- POH -tee ; born Truman Streckfus Persons ; September 30, 1924 – August 25, 1984) was an American novelist, screenwriter, playwright, and actor. Several of his short stories, novels, and plays are considered important works in literature. He is recognized as one of the founders of New Journalism, along with other writers such as Gay Talese, Hunter S.
- [Elias Canetti](https://lcdcompendium.com/elias-canetti/) - Elias Canetti (Bulgarian: Елиас Канети; July 25, 1905 – August 14, 1994; pronounced /kəˈnɛti, kɑː-/) was a writer who wrote in German. He was known for his work as a novelist, playwright, memoirist, and nonfiction writer. He was born in Ruse, Bulgaria, to a Sephardic Jewish family.
- [Matilde Camus](https://lcdcompendium.com/matilde-camus/) - Aurora Matilde Gómez Camus was born on September 26, 1919, and passed away on April 28, 2012. She was a Spanish poet from Cantabria who also wrote non-fiction books.
- [Albert Camus](https://lcdcompendium.com/albert-camus/) - Albert Camus was born on November 7, 1913, in French Algeria, and he died on January 4, 1960. He was a French philosopher, novelist, author, playwright, journalist, and political activist. In 1957, at the age of 44, he won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
- [Joseph Campbell](https://lcdcompendium.com/joseph-campbell/) - Joseph John Campbell was born on March 26, 1904, and died on October 30, 1987. He was an American writer and the husband of Jean Erdman. He taught literature at Sarah Lawrence College and studied myths and religions from around the world.
- [John W. Campbell](https://lcdcompendium.com/john-w-campbell/) - John W. Campbell Jr. (June 8, 1910 – July 11, 1971) was an American science fiction writer and editor.
- [Julia Margaret Cameron](https://lcdcompendium.com/julia-margaret-cameron/) - Julia Margaret Cameron (born Pattle; June 11, 1815 – January 26, 1879) was an English photographer known as one of the most important portrait artists of the 19th century. She is famous for her soft-focus close-up portraits of famous Victorians and for images that show characters from mythology, Christianity, and literature. She was born in Calcutta.
- [Italo Calvino](https://lcdcompendium.com/italo-calvino/) - Italo Calvino was an Italian novelist and short story writer. He was born on October 15, 1923, and died on September 19, 1985. His most famous works include the Our Ancestors trilogy (1952–1959), the Cosmicomics collection of short stories (1965), and the novels Invisible Cities (1972) and If on a winter's night a traveler (1979).
- [Erskine Caldwell](https://lcdcompendium.com/erskine-caldwell/) - Erskine Preston Caldwell was born on December 17, 1903, and died on April 11, 1987. He was an American novelist and short story writer. Caldwell wrote about poverty, racism, and social issues in the Southern United States.
- [James M. Cain](https://lcdcompendium.com/james-m-cain/) - James M. Cain was born on July 1, 1892, and died on October 27, 1977. He was an American novelist, journalist, and screenwriter.
- [Guillermo Cabrera Infante](https://lcdcompendium.com/guillermo-cabrera-infante/) - Guillermo Cabrera Infante (Spanish pronunciation: [ɡiˈʝeɾmo kaˈβɾeɾa iɱˈfante]; born in Gibara on April 22, 1929, and died on February 21, 2005) was a Cuban writer, translator, screenwriter, and critic. In the 1950s, he used the name G. Caín, and later used the name Guillermo Cain for the screenplay of the well-known film Vanishing Point (1971).
- [Dino Buzzati](https://lcdcompendium.com/dino-buzzati/) - Dino Buzzati-Traverso (pronounced "dee-no but-sa-tee") was born on October 16, 1906, and died on January 28, 1972. He was an Italian novelist, short story writer, painter, and poet. He also worked as a journalist for a newspaper called Corriere della Sera.
- [William S. Burroughs](https://lcdcompendium.com/william-s-burroughs/) - William Seward Burroughs II (born February 5, 1914; died August 2, 1997) was an American writer and visual artist. He is widely recognized as an important member of the Beat Generation and a major postmodern author who influenced both underground and mainstream culture and literature. Much of Burroughs’s work is highly experimental and includes stories told by characters who may not be trustworthy.
- [Edgar Rice Burroughs](https://lcdcompendium.com/edgar-rice-burroughs/) - Edgar Rice Burroughs was born on September 1, 1875, and died on March 19, 1950. He was an American writer known for writing many books in the adventure, science fiction, and fantasy genres. He is best known for creating the character Tarzan, who appeared in 24 books, and John Carter, who appeared in 11 books.
- [Emeline S. Burlingame](https://lcdcompendium.com/emeline-s-burlingame/) - Emeline S. Burlingame (born Aldrich; after her first marriage, Burlingame; after her second marriage, Cheney; pen names Aunt Stomly and Cousin Emeline; September 22, 1836 – February 25, 1923) was an American editor, evangelist, and suffragist. She served as president of the Rhode Island Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) for seven years.
- [James Lee Burke](https://lcdcompendium.com/james-lee-burke/) - James Lee Burke (born December 5, 1936) is an American author most famous for his Dave Robicheaux series. He has won Edgar Awards for his novels Black Cherry Blues (1990), Cimarron Rose (1998), and Flags on the Bayou (2024). He has also received the Grand Master Award from the Mystery Writers of America.
- [Anthony Burgess](https://lcdcompendium.com/anthony-burgess/) - John Anthony Burgess Wilson ( / ˈ b ɜːr dʒ ə s / ; 25 February 1917 – 22 November 1993) was an English writer and composer. Although Burgess was mainly known for writing humorous stories, his book A Clockwork Orange, which is a type of story that shows a bad future, is the one he is most famous for. Burgess wrote many other books, such as the Enderby quartet and Earthly Powers.
- [Basil Bunting](https://lcdcompendium.com/basil-bunting/) - Basil Cheesman Bunting (1 March 1900 – 17 April 1985) was a British modernist poet who became famous for publishing Briggflatts in 1966. This work is widely considered one of the most important achievements in the modernist tradition of English poetry. Bunting was deeply interested in music throughout his life, which influenced his focus on how poetry sounds when read aloud.
- [Ivan Bunin](https://lcdcompendium.com/ivan-bunin/) - Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin ( / ˈ b uː n iː n / BOO -neen or / ˈ b uː n ɪ n / BOO -nin ; Russian: Ива́н Алексе́евич Бу́нин , IPA: [ɪˈvan‿əlʲɪkˈsʲejɪvʲɪdʑ‿ˈbunʲɪn] ; October 22 (Old Style October 10), 1870 – November 8, 1953) was the first Russian writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1933. He was known for his careful attention to detail in continuing the traditions of classical Russian literature in writing prose and poetry. The detailed and rich style of his poems and stories, known as "Bunin brocade," is considered one of the most elaborate in the Russian language.
- [Mikhail Bulgakov](https://lcdcompendium.com/mikhail-bulgakov/) - Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov was a Russian and Soviet writer who wrote novels and plays. His novel The Master and Margarita, which was published after his death, is considered one of the greatest works of the 20th century. He also wrote the novel The White Guard and the plays Ivan Vasilievich, Flight (also called The Run), and The Days of the Turbins.
- [Charles Bukowski](https://lcdcompendium.com/charles-bukowski/) - Henry Charles Bukowski ( / b uː ˈ k aʊ s k i / boo- KOW -skee ; born Heinrich Karl Bukowski , German: [ ˈhaɪnʁɪç ˈkaʁl buˈkɔfski ] ; August 16, 1920 – March 9, 1994) was a German-American poet, novelist, and short story writer. His writing was influenced by the social, cultural, and economic environment of his adopted home city of Los Angeles. Bukowski's work focuses on the everyday lives of poor Americans, the process of writing, alcohol, relationships with women, and the challenges of work.
- [Lois McMaster Bujold](https://lcdcompendium.com/lois-mcmaster-bujold/) - Lois McMaster Bujold ( / b uː ˈ ʒ oʊ l d / boo- ZHOHLD ; born November 2, 1949) is an American writer who creates stories in the science fiction and fantasy genres. She has won the Hugo Award for Best Novel four times, tying the record held by Robert A. Heinlein (excluding his Retro Hugos).
- [Frederick Buechner](https://lcdcompendium.com/frederick-buechner/) - Carl Frederick Buechner ( / ˈ b iː k n ər / BEEK -nər ; July 11, 1926 – August 15, 2022) was an American writer, Presbyterian minister, preacher, and theologian. He wrote 39 published books. His career lasted more than 60 years and included many different types of writing.
- [William F. Buckley Jr.](https://lcdcompendium.com/william-f-buckley-jr/) - William Frank Buckley Jr. (born William Francis Buckley; November 24, 1925 – February 27, 2008) was an American writer, public thinker, political commentator, and novelist. He was born in New York City and first learned to speak Spanish before studying French and English as a child.
- [Pearl S. Buck](https://lcdcompendium.com/pearl-s-buck/) - Pearl Comfort Sydenstricker Buck (June 26, 1892 – March 6, 1973) was an American writer and someone who helped others. She is most famous for The Good Earth, a book that sold the most copies in the United States in 1931 and 1932. This book earned her the Pulitzer Prize in 1932.
- [John Buchan](https://lcdcompendium.com/john-buchan/) - John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir ( / ˈ b ʌ x ən / ; born 26 August 1875; died 11 February 1940) was a Scottish writer, historian, British Army officer, and politician who worked as Governor General of Canada, the 15th person to hold this role since Canada became a united country. As a young man, Buchan wrote poetry and stories, both fiction and non-fiction. He published his first novel in 1895 and later wrote more than 100 books, with The Thirty-Nine Steps being his most famous.
- [Martin Buber](https://lcdcompendium.com/martin-buber/) - Martin Buber (German: [ˈmaʁtiːn̩ ˈbuːbɐ]; Hebrew: מרטין בובר; Yiddish: מארטין בובער; 8 February 1878 – 13 June 1965) was an Austrian-Israeli philosopher most famous for his ideas about dialogue, a way of thinking about life and human relationships that focuses on the difference between how people connect with others and how they see objects. Born in Vienna, Buber came from a family of Jews who followed religious traditions. However, he chose to study non-religious subjects in philosophy instead of following religious customs.
- [Eva Maria Brown](https://lcdcompendium.com/eva-maria-brown/) - Eva Maria Brown (December 27, 1856 – February 12, 1917) was an American social reformer who worked to promote temperance, which means reducing alcohol use. She was the only woman in New England during her time who was officially registered as a legislative agent and counsel. This role allowed her to hold hearings before Massachusetts government committees and to question witnesses.
- [Dan Brown](https://lcdcompendium.com/dan-brown/) - Daniel Gerhard Brown (born June 22, 1964) is an American author most famous for writing thriller novels. His most well-known works include the Robert Langdon series: Angels & Demons (2000), The Da Vinci Code (2003), The Lost Symbol (2009), Inferno (2013), Origin (2017), and The Secret of Secrets (2025). These books often involve puzzles and challenges that take place within a single day, focusing on topics like codes, art, and theories about hidden secrets.
- [Terry Brooks](https://lcdcompendium.com/terry-brooks/) - Terence Dean Brooks was born on January 8, 1944. He is an American writer who creates fantasy fiction. Most of his books are epic fantasy stories, and he has also written two film novelizations.
- [Gwendolyn Brooks](https://lcdcompendium.com/gwendolyn-brooks/) - Gwendolyn Elizabeth Brooks was born on June 7, 1917, and died on December 3, 2000. She was an American poet, author, and teacher. Her writing often focused on the everyday joys and challenges of people in her community.
- [Rupert Brooke](https://lcdcompendium.com/rupert-brooke/) - Rupert Chawner Brooke (August 3, 1887 – April 23, 1915) was an English poet known for his idealistic war sonnets written during World War I, such as "The Dead" and "The Soldier." He was also known for his boyish good looks, which led the Irish poet W. B. Yeats to describe him as "the handsomest young man in England." He died from septicaemia after a mosquito bite while on a French hospital ship near the island of Skyros in the Aegean Sea.
- [Louis Bromfield](https://lcdcompendium.com/louis-bromfield/) - Louis Bromfield was born on December 27, 1896, and died on March 18, 1956. He was an American writer and conservationist. In the 1920s, he was a popular novelist.
- [Joseph Brodsky](https://lcdcompendium.com/joseph-brodsky/) - Iosif Aleksandrovich Brodsky (24 May 1940 – 28 January 1996), known as Joseph in English, was a Russian and American poet and essayist. He was born in Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) in the Soviet Union. Brodsky had problems with Soviet officials and was told to leave the country in 1972.
- [André Breton](https://lcdcompendium.com/andre-breton/) - André Robert Breton (born February 19, 1896; died September 28, 1966) was a French writer and poet. He was an important thinker and helped start the surrealist movement. His work includes the first Surrealist Manifesto, written in 1924.
- [Bertolt Brecht](https://lcdcompendium.com/bertolt-brecht/) - Eugen Berthold Friedrich Brecht (10 February 1898 – 14 August 1956), known as Bertolt Brecht and Bert Brecht, was a German theater professional, playwright, and poet. He grew up during the Weimar Republic and had his first successes as a playwright in Munich. In 1924, he moved to Berlin, where he wrote The Threepenny Opera with Elisabeth Hauptmann and Kurt Weill and worked with composer Hanns Eisler.
- [Marion Howard Brazier](https://lcdcompendium.com/marion-howard-brazier/) - Marion Howard Brazier (used the name Marion Howard; September 6, 1850 – January 15, 1935) was an American journalist, editor, author, and member of women’s clubs in Boston. She wrote two books: Perpetrations, a Book of Humor and Cheer, Philosophy and Comfort. Brazier worked as society editor of The Boston Post from 1890 to 1898; editor and publisher of The Patriotic Review from 1898 to 1900; and society editor of The Boston Journal from 1903 to 1911.
- [Richard Brautigan](https://lcdcompendium.com/richard-brautigan/) - Richard Gary Brautigan (January 30, 1935 – around September 16, 1984) was an American novelist, poet, and short story writer. He wrote books his whole life and published ten novels, two collections of short stories, and ten poetry books. His books were published in the United States and in countries like Europe, Japan, and China.
- [Fernand Braudel](https://lcdcompendium.com/fernand-braudel/) - Fernand Paul Achille Braudel (French: [fɛʁnɑ̃ bʁodɛl]; 24 August 1902 – 27 November 1985) was a French historian. His work focused on three main projects: The Mediterranean (1923–49, then 1949–66), Civilization and Capitalism (1955–79), and the unfinished Identity of France (1970–85). He was part of the Annales School, a group of French historians and scholars who studied history and society during the 1950s and 1960s.
- [Adelia Pope Branham](https://lcdcompendium.com/adelia-pope-branham/) - Adelia Pope Branham (October 13, 1861 – January 12, 1917) was an American writer who wrote poetry and prose. Many of her poems were turned into songs by composers and were printed in books. She began writing short stories after 1899.
- [John Braine](https://lcdcompendium.com/john-braine/) - John Gerard Braine was born on April 13, 1922, and died on October 28, 1986. He was an English novelist. Braine is often grouped with the angry young men, a group that was not clearly defined but included English writers who became known in the world of writing during the 1950s.
- [Gillian Bradshaw](https://lcdcompendium.com/gillian-bradshaw/) - Gillian Marucha Bradshaw (born May 14, 1956) is an American writer who currently lives in Britain. She writes books in many genres, including historical fiction, historical fantasy, children's literature, science fiction, and contemporary science-based novels. Her historical novels are often set in ancient times, such as Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, the Byzantine Empire, Saka, the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Imperial Rome, Sub-Roman Britain, and Roman Britain.
- [Marion Zimmer Bradley](https://lcdcompendium.com/marion-zimmer-bradley/) - Marion Eleanor Zimmer Bradley (June 3, 1930 – September 25, 1999) was an American writer who created books in the genres of fantasy, historical fantasy, science fiction, and science fantasy. She is most famous for her novel The Mists of Avalon and the Darkover series. Her work often included the perspectives of women, which was uncommon in the sword and sorcery fantasy genre.
- [Anne Braden](https://lcdcompendium.com/anne-braden/) - Anne McCarty Braden was born on July 28, 1924, and passed away on March 6, 2006. She was an American civil rights activist, journalist, and teacher who worked to end racial discrimination. During the Jim Crow era, she and her husband purchased a house in a neighborhood for an African American couple.
- [Ray Bradbury](https://lcdcompendium.com/ray-bradbury/) - Ray Douglas Bradbury (US: /ˈbrædˌbɛri/ BRAD-berr-ee; 22 August 1920 – 5 June 2012) was an American author and screenwriter. He was one of the most well-known American writers of the 20th century. He wrote in many types of stories, including fantasy, science fiction, horror, mystery, and realistic fiction.
- [Brada (writer)](https://lcdcompendium.com/brada-writer/) - Henrietta Consuelo Sansom, Countess of Quigini Puliga (born on April 24, 1847, and died on August 5, 1938), was a French writer and novelist. She is better known by the pseudonym Brada, which is a short form of her earlier pen name, Bradamente. She also used the name Mosca for some of her writing.
- [T. C. Boyle](https://lcdcompendium.com/t-c-boyle/) - Thomas Coraghessan Boyle, born on December 2, 1948, is an American novelist and short story writer. Since the 1970s, he has written thirty-one novels and more than 150 short stories. In 1988, he won the PEN/Faulkner Award for his third novel, World's End, which tells the story of 300 years in upstate New York.
- [Kay Boyle](https://lcdcompendium.com/kay-boyle/) - Kay Boyle was born on February 19, 1902, and died on December 27, 1992. She was an American writer, teacher, and activist. Her stories often showed how personal lives connected to bigger political issues.
- [Paul Bowles](https://lcdcompendium.com/paul-bowles/) - Paul Frederic Bowles ( / b oʊ l z / ; December 30, 1910 – November 18, 1999) was an American composer, author, and translator. He became connected with the city of Tangier in Morocco, where he moved in 1947 and lived for 52 years until his death. After growing up in a middle-class family in New York City, where he showed talent for music and writing, Bowles studied at the University of Virginia.
- [Elizabeth Bowen](https://lcdcompendium.com/elizabeth-bowen/) - Elizabeth Dorothea Cole Bowen CBE (pronounced BOH-ən; June 7, 1899 – February 22, 1973) was an Anglo-Irish writer and short story author known for her books about the large homes of Irish Protestant landowners and her stories about life in London during wartime. In 1958, she was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature by Roman Jakobson, a Russian-American linguist.
- [Tadeusz Borowski](https://lcdcompendium.com/tadeusz-borowski/) - Tadeusz Borowski (Polish pronunciation: [taˈdɛ.uʐ bɔˈrɔfskʲi]; 12 November 1922 – 3 July 1951) was a Polish writer and journalist. He wrote poetry and stories about his time as a prisoner in Auschwitz. These works are considered important pieces of Polish literature.
- [Jorge Luis Borges](https://lcdcompendium.com/jorge-luis-borges-2/) - Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges (pronounced BOR-hess; Spanish: [ˈxoɾxe ˈlwis ˈboɾxes]; August 24, 1899 – June 14, 1986) was an Argentine writer, poet, essayist, and translator. He is considered an important figure in Spanish-language and international literature. His most famous works, Ficciones (translated as Fictions) and El Aleph (translated as The Aleph), published in the 1940s, are collections of short stories.
- [Roberto Bolaño](https://lcdcompendium.com/roberto-bolano-2/) - Roberto Bolaño Ávalos (Spanish: [roˈβeɾto βoˈlaɲo ˈaβalos]; April 28, 1953 – July 15, 2003) was a Chilean writer who created novels, short stories, poems, and essays. In 1999, Bolaño received the Rómulo Gallegos Prize for his novel The Savage Detectives. In 2008, he was honored posthumously with the National Book Critics Circle Award for Fiction for his novel 2666.
- [Elizabeth Baker Bohan](https://lcdcompendium.com/elizabeth-baker-bohan/) - Elizabeth Baker Bohan (born as Baker; August 18, 1849 – August 27, 1930) was a British-born American who worked as an author, journalist, artist, and social reformer. She focused on improving the prison system. She wrote two novels: Un Americano, a story about California's mission days (1895), and The Drag-Net, a story about modern prisons (1909, illustrated by Langdon Smith).
- [Judy Blume](https://lcdcompendium.com/judy-blume/) - Judith Marcia Blume (born February 12, 1938) is an American author who writes books for children, teenagers, and adults. She started writing in 1959 and has written more than 26 books. Some of her most famous books include Superfudge (1980), Are You There God?
- [Harold Bloom](https://lcdcompendium.com/harold-bloom/) - Harold Bloom was born on July 11, 1930, and died on October 14, 2019. He was an American literary critic and held the position of Sterling Professor of humanities at Yale University. In 2017, he was described as "probably the most famous literary critic in the English-speaking world." After publishing his first book in 1959, Bloom authored more than 50 books, including over 40 works of literary criticism, many books about religion, and one novel.
- [Allan Bloom](https://lcdcompendium.com/allan-bloom/) - Allan David Bloom was born on September 14, 1930, and died on October 7, 1992. He was an American philosopher, expert in classical literature, and teacher. He studied with scholars such as David Grene, Leo Strauss, Richard McKeon, and Alexandre Kojève.
- [Alexander Blok](https://lcdcompendium.com/alexander-blok/) - Alexander Alexandrovich Blok (Russian: Александр Александрович Блок, IPA: [ɐlʲɪˈksandr ɐlʲɪˈksandrəvʲɪtɕ ˈblok]) was born on November 28 (Old Style: November 16), 1880, and died on August 7, 1921. He was the most famous Russian lyrical poet during the Silver Age of Russian Poetry.
- [Karen Blixen](https://lcdcompendium.com/karen-blixen/) - Baroness Karen Christentze von Blixen-Finecke (born Dinesen; 17 April 1885 – 7 September 1962) was a Danish author who wrote in Danish and English. She is also known under her pen names Isak Dinesen, used in English-speaking countries; Tania Blixen, used in German-speaking countries; Osceola, and Pierre Andrézel. Blixen is best known for Out of Africa, an account of her life while in Kenya, and for one of her stories, "Babette's Feast." Both have been adapted as films and each won Academy Awards.
- [Clair Blank](https://lcdcompendium.com/clair-blank/) - Clarissa Mabel Blank (August 5, 1915 – August 15, 1965) was an American writer. She wrote a series of 26 books called the Beverly Gray mystery series, which she wrote from 1934 to 1955. She also wrote a 3-volume series called The Adventure Girls in 1936 and an adult novel titled Lover Come Back in 1940.
- [Maurice Blanchot](https://lcdcompendium.com/maurice-blanchot/) - Maurice Blanchot (pronounced blahn-SHOH; in French, [blɑ̃ʃo]; born September 22, 1907; died February 20, 2003) was a French writer, philosopher, and literary theorist. His work studied ideas about death and how poetry creates meaning. His writings had a major impact on post-structuralist philosophers such as Gilles Deleuze, Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, and Jean-Luc Nancy.
- [Suessa Baldridge Blaine](https://lcdcompendium.com/suessa-baldridge-blaine/) - Suessa Baldridge Blaine (February 25, 1860 – May 15, 1932) was an American writer who created plays about avoiding alcohol. She worked with the Federated Woman's Clubs and other groups.
- [Andrei Bitov](https://lcdcompendium.com/andrei-bitov/) - Andrei Georgiyevich Bitov (Russian: Андре́й Гео́ргиевич Би́тов), born on May 27, 1937, and died on December 3, 2018, was a well-known Russian writer. He had Circassian ancestry.
- [Emily M. Bishop](https://lcdcompendium.com/emily-m-bishop/) - Emily Montague Bishop (born Mulkin; November 3, 1858 – November 22, 1916) was an American lecturer and teacher who specialized in topics such as clothing, body language, and physical fitness. She was known as one of the leading editors and writers on these subjects in the United States, often using the name Emily M. Bishop.
- [Elizabeth Bishop](https://lcdcompendium.com/elizabeth-bishop/) - Elizabeth Bishop was an American poet and writer of short stories. She worked as a Poetry Advisor for the Library of Congress from 1949 to 1950. In 1956, she won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry.
- [Adolfo Bioy Casares](https://lcdcompendium.com/adolfo-bioy-casares-2/) - Adolfo Bioy Casares (Spanish pronunciation: [aˈðolfo ˈβjoj kaˈsaɾes]; 15 September 1914 – 8 March 1999) was an Argentine writer, journalist, diary writer, and translator. He was a friend and often worked with Jorge Luis Borges, another Argentine writer. He wrote the fantasy novel The Invention of Morel.
- [Ella A. Bigelow](https://lcdcompendium.com/ella-a-bigelow/) - Ella A. Bigelow was born on May 21, 1849, and died on October 23, 1917. She was an American author, historian, and member of women’s clubs.
- [Elizabeth Biddulph, Baroness Biddulph](https://lcdcompendium.com/elizabeth-biddulph-baroness-biddulph/) - Elizabeth Philippa Biddulph, Baroness Biddulph VA (born Lady Elizabeth Yorke, later Lady Elizabeth Adeane; November 15, 1834–January 1916), was an English humanitarian and leader in the temperance movement. She wrote a biography about her father, Charles Yorke, 4th Earl of Hardwicke. Queen Victoria chose her to be a Woman of the Bedchamber.
- [Hayim Nahman Bialik](https://lcdcompendium.com/hayim-nahman-bialik/) - Hayim Nahman Bialik (Hebrew: חיים נחמן ביאַליק; January 9, 1873 – July 4, 1934) was a Russian-Jewish poet who wrote mainly in Hebrew and Yiddish. He is regarded as an early leader in modern Hebrew poetry and was part of a group of Jewish thinkers who expressed new ideas of their time. Today, he is known as Israel's national poet.
- [Doris Betts](https://lcdcompendium.com/doris-betts/) - Doris Betts was born on June 4, 1932, and passed away on April 21, 2012. She worked as a short story writer, novelist, and essayist. She was also an Alumni Distinguished Professor Emerita at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
- [Mongo Beti](https://lcdcompendium.com/mongo-beti-2/) - Alexandre Biyidi Awala (June 30, 1932–October 8, 2001), also known as Mongo Beti or Eza Boto, was a Cameroonian writer and someone who expressed strong opinions. He was recognized for his deep understanding of African life through his writing. The Guardian stated that Beti was one of the most important African writers from the generation that lived through Africa’s independence.
- [Alfred Bester](https://lcdcompendium.com/alfred-bester/) - Alfred Bester was born on December 18, 1913, and died on September 30, 1987. He was an American science fiction author, TV and radio screenwriter, magazine editor, and comics scriptwriter. He is most well-known for his science fiction writing, especially the novel The Demolished Man, which won the first Hugo Award in 1953.
- [Thomas Bernhard](https://lcdcompendium.com/thomas-bernhard-2/) - Nicolaas Thomas Bernhard (born 9 February 1931; died 12 February 1989) was an Austrian writer, playwright, poet, and critic who is regarded as one of the most significant German-language authors after World War II. His work often focused on themes such as death, loneliness, obsession, and illness. His writing was known for being pessimistic about human life and for strongly criticizing post-war Austrian and European culture.
- [Henri Bergson](https://lcdcompendium.com/henri-bergson/) - Henri-Louis Bergson (18 October 1859 – 4 January 1941) was a French philosopher who had a major influence on two areas of philosophy—analytic philosophy and continental philosophy—especially during the first half of the 20th century until World War II. His ideas remained important after 1966 when another philosopher, Gilles Deleuze, wrote a book about Bergson’s work called Le Bergsonisme. Bergson believed that understanding reality depends more on direct experiences and intuition than on abstract reasoning or science.
- [Thomas Berger](https://lcdcompendium.com/thomas-berger/) - Thomas Louis Berger (July 20, 1924 – July 13, 2014) was an American writer who created novels. He is most famous for his novel Little Big Man, which was later made into a movie by Arthur Penn. Throughout his career, Berger wrote in many different types of fiction, such as crime stories, detective tales, science fiction, utopian stories, and stories based on classical myths, Arthurian legends, and survival adventures.
- [John Berger](https://lcdcompendium.com/john-berger/) - John Peter Berger (pronounced BUR-jər; November 5, 1926–January 2, 2017) was an English art critic, novelist, painter, and poet. His novel G. won the Booker Prize in 1972.
- [Stephen Vincent Benét](https://lcdcompendium.com/stephen-vincent-benet/) - Stephen Vincent Benét (pronounced bə- NAY ; July 22, 1898 – March 13, 1943) was an American poet, short story writer, and novelist. He wrote a long poem that tells a story about the American Civil War called John Brown's Body, which was published in 1928. He won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry for this work.
- [Mario Benedetti](https://lcdcompendium.com/mario-benedetti/) - Mario Benedetti Farrugia (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmaɾjo βeneˈðeti]; born on September 14, 1920; died on May 17, 2009) was a Uruguayan journalist, novelist, and poet. He was an important member of the Generación del 45. He wrote more than 80 books, and his work was published in twenty languages.
- [Robert Benchley](https://lcdcompendium.com/robert-benchley/) - Robert Charles Benchley was born on September 15, 1889, and died on November 21, 1945. He was an American writer, newspaper columnist, and actor. He began his career at The Harvard Lampoon while studying at Harvard University.
- [Peter Benchley](https://lcdcompendium.com/peter-benchley/) - Peter Bradford Benchley (May 8, 1940 – February 11, 2006) was an American author. He is best known for his bestselling novel Jaws and helped write the movie version of Jaws with Carl Gottlieb. Many of his other books were also adapted into movies and television shows, including The Deep, The Island, Beast, and White Shark.
- [Jacinto Benavente](https://lcdcompendium.com/jacinto-benavente/) - Jacinto Benavente y Martínez (August 12, 1866 – July 14, 1954) was one of the most important Spanish dramatists of the 20th century. He was awarded the 1922 Nobel Prize in Literature for continuing the important traditions of Spanish drama in a happy way.
- [Saul Bellow](https://lcdcompendium.com/saul-bellow/) - Saul Bellow (born Solomon Bellows; June 10, 1915 – April 5, 2005) was a Canadian-American writer. For his literary work, Bellow received the Pulitzer Prize, the 1976 Nobel Prize in Literature, and the National Medal of Arts. He is the only writer to win the National Book Award for Fiction three times.
- [Hilaire Belloc](https://lcdcompendium.com/hilaire-belloc/) - Joseph Hilaire Pierre René Belloc was born on July 27, 1870, and died on July 16, 1953. He was a writer and political activist of French and English heritage. Belloc wrote many different types of books, including essays about history, politics, and economics, as well as poetry, travel stories, and humorous writing.
- [Brendan Behan](https://lcdcompendium.com/brendan-behan/) - Brendan Francis Aidan Behan (also known as Francis Behan) (pronounced BEE-ən; Irish: Breandán Ó Beacháin; born February 9, 1923; died March 20, 1964) was an Irish poet, short story writer, novelist, playwright, and Irish Republican. He was an activist who wrote in both English and Irish. His long-term struggle with alcohol, even after attempts to treat it, affected his ability to create and caused health and social problems that limited his work and eventually led to his death.
- [Max Beerbohm](https://lcdcompendium.com/max-beerbohm/) - Sir Henry Maximilian Beerbohm (24 August 1872 – 20 May 1956) was an English writer, humorist, and artist who used the name Max. He became famous in the 1890s as a fashion-conscious person and a humorist. From 1898 to 1910, he worked as the drama critic for the Saturday Review.
- [Samuel Beckett](https://lcdcompendium.com/samuel-beckett/) - Samuel Barclay Beckett ( / ˈ b ɛ k ɪ t / ; 13 April 1906 – 22 December 1989) was an Irish writer, known for his work as a novelist, playwright, poet, and literary critic. He wrote in both English and French. His stories and plays often showed sad, unemotional, and mix of sad and funny parts of life, along with dark humor and unusual language.
- [Ann Beattie](https://lcdcompendium.com/ann-beattie/) - Ann Beattie was born on September 8, 1947. She is an American novelist and short story writer. She has won awards for excellence from the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters and the PEN/Malamud Award for excellence in writing short stories.
- [Peter S. Beagle](https://lcdcompendium.com/peter-s-beagle/) - Peter Soyer Beagle (born April 20, 1939) is an American writer who creates stories and scripts, especially for fantasy fiction. His most famous book is The Last Unicorn (1968), which Locus readers voted the number five "best fantasy novel of all time" in 1987. Over the past 25 years, he has received many literary awards, including a World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement in 2011.
- [Christian Bauman](https://lcdcompendium.com/christian-bauman/) - Christian Bauman was born on June 15, 1970. He is an American novelist and musician. He currently lives in New Hope, Pennsylvania.
- [L. Frank Baum](https://lcdcompendium.com/l-frank-baum/) - Lyman Frank Baum ( / b ɔː m / ; May 15, 1856 – May 6, 1919) was an American writer most famous for his children’s fantasy books, especially The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, which is part of a series. In addition to the 14 Oz books, Baum wrote 41 other novels (not counting four lost, unpublished ones), 83 short stories, over 200 poems, and at least 42 scripts. He tried many times to turn his stories into plays and movies; the 1939 film version of the first Oz book became an important film in the 20th century.
- [Emma Pow Bauder](https://lcdcompendium.com/emma-pow-bauder/) - Rev. Emma Pow Bauder (born Emma Smith; March 11, 1848 – July 23, 1932) was an American preacher, missionary, activist, and writer. She joined the Church of the United Brethren in Christ in Michigan in 1879.
- [Georges Bataille](https://lcdcompendium.com/georges-bataille/) - Georges Albert Maurice Victor Bataille ( / b ɑː ˈ t aɪ / ; French: [ʒɔʁʒ batɑj] ; 10 September 1897 – 8 July 1962) was a French intellectual who worked in philosophy, literature, sociology, anthropology, and the history of art. He wrote essays, novels, and poetry about topics such as eroticism, mysticism, surrealism, and transgression. His work influenced later schools of philosophy and social theory, including post-structuralism.
- [Roland Barthes](https://lcdcompendium.com/roland-barthes/) - Roland Gérard Barthes ( / b ɑːr t / ; French: [ʁɔlɑ̃ baʁt] ; 12 November 1915 – 26 March 1980) was a French writer, thinker, and expert in signs and symbols. He studied and analyzed different types of signs, mostly from Western popular culture. His work covered many different areas, such as structuralism, anthropology, literary theory, and post-structuralism.
- [Donald Barthelme](https://lcdcompendium.com/donald-barthelme/) - Donald Barthelme Jr. (pronounced BAR-thəl-mee; April 7, 1931–July 23, 1989) was an American writer who wrote short stories and novels. His work was known for its funny and unusual style.
- [John Barth](https://lcdcompendium.com/john-barth/) - John Simmons Barth ( / b ɑːr θ / ; May 27, 1930 – April 2, 2024) was an American writer known for his postmodern and metafictional fiction. His most widely respected and influential works were published in the 1960s. These include The Sot-Weed Factor, a playful retelling of Maryland's colonial history; Giles Goat-Boy, a satirical fantasy where a university represents the Cold War world; and Lost in the Funhouse, a collection of short stories that refer to themselves and use unusual techniques.
- [J. M. Barrie](https://lcdcompendium.com/j-m-barrie/) - Sir James Matthew Barrie, 1st Baronet ( / ˈ b æ r i / ; 9 May 1860 – 19 June 1937) was a British novelist and playwright, best known for creating the story of Peter Pan. He was born and educated in Scotland. Later, he moved to London, where he wrote several successful novels and plays.
- [Julian Barnes](https://lcdcompendium.com/julian-barnes/) - Julian Patrick Barnes (born 19 January 1946) is an English essayist, novelist, and short story writer. After finishing his education, Barnes worked for three years as a lexicographer for the Oxford English Dictionary supplement. His first work of fiction, Metroland, was published in 1980, and his second, Before She Met Me, was published two years later.
- [Djuna Barnes](https://lcdcompendium.com/djuna-barnes/) - Djuna Barnes ( / ˈ dʒ uː n ɑː / JOO -nah ; June 12, 1892 – June 18, 1982) was an American artist, illustrator, journalist, and writer. She is best known for her novel Nightwood (1936), which is a well-known book among some readers and an important example of modernist literature. In 1913, Barnes started her career as a freelance journalist and illustrator for the Brooklyn Daily Eagle.
- [Annie Maria Barnes](https://lcdcompendium.com/annie-maria-barnes/) - Annie Maria Barnes, who also wrote under the name Cousin Annie, was an American journalist, editor, and author from South Carolina. She was born on May 28, 1857, and died on October 21, 1933, or December 31, 1943. At age eleven, she wrote an article for the Atlanta Constitution.
- [Clive Barker](https://lcdcompendium.com/clive-barker/) - Clive Barker was born on October 5, 1952. He is a British writer, filmmaker, and visual artist. In the 1980s, he became well known for a collection of short stories called the Books of Blood, which made him one of the top horror writers.
- [Alessandro Baricco](https://lcdcompendium.com/alessandro-baricco/) - Alessandro Baricco is an Italian writer, director, and performer. He was born on January 25, 1958. His name is pronounced "ale-SAN-dro ba-REE-koh" in Italian.
- [Amiri Baraka](https://lcdcompendium.com/amiri-baraka/) - Amiri Baraka (born Everett Leroy Jones; October 7, 1934 – January 9, 2014) was also known as LeRoi Jones and Imamu Amear Baraka. He was an American writer who created poetry, plays, fiction, essays, and music criticism. He wrote many books of poetry and taught at several universities, including the University at Buffalo and Stony Brook University.
- [Nick Bantock](https://lcdcompendium.com/nick-bantock/) - Nick Bantock was born on July 14, 1949. He is a British artist and writer who lives on Saltspring Island in British Columbia. He is famous for writing the Griffin and Sabine novels.
- [John Banville](https://lcdcompendium.com/john-banville/) - William John Banville was born on December 8, 1945. He is an Irish novelist, screenwriter, and adapter of plays. He was once a member of Aosdána, an organization that supports Irish artists, but he chose to give up his financial support in 2001 to help a less wealthy writer.
- [Iain Banks](https://lcdcompendium.com/iain-banks/) - Iain Menzies Banks ( / ˈ m ɪ ŋ ɪ z / ; 16 February 1954 – 9 June 2013) was a Scottish writer who wrote books in two different styles. He used the name Iain Banks for non-science fiction books and Iain M. Banks for science fiction books.
- [J. G. Ballard](https://lcdcompendium.com/j-g-ballard/) - James Graham Ballard (15 November 1930 – 19 April 2009) was an English writer known for his novels, short stories, and essays. His works often explore topics such as human psychology, technology, sex, and the influence of mass media. Ballard became well-known for his post-apocalyptic novels, such as The Drowned World (1962), which were part of the New Wave science fiction movement.
- [James Baldwin](https://lcdcompendium.com/james-baldwin/) - James Arthur Baldwin (né Jones; August 2, 1924 – December 1, 1987) was an American writer and civil rights activist who was praised for his essays, novels, plays, and poems. His 1953 novel Go Tell It on the Mountain was listed by Time magazine as one of the top 100 English-language novels. His 1955 essay collection Notes of a Native Son helped him become known as a voice for human equality.
- [Nicholson Baker](https://lcdcompendium.com/nicholson-baker/) - Nicholson Baker was born on January 7, 1957. He is an American writer who writes novels and essays. His stories often focus less on telling a clear story and more on describing details and showing characters' thoughts and feelings.
- [Larry Baker](https://lcdcompendium.com/larry-baker/) - Larry Joe Baker was born on March 9, 1937, and died on December 23, 2000. He was an American football player who played college football at Bowling Green State University. As an offensive tackle, he played professionally in the American Football League (AFL) for the New York Titans in 1960.
- [Beryl Bainbridge](https://lcdcompendium.com/beryl-bainbridge/) - Dame Beryl Margaret Bainbridge (November 21, 1932 – July 2, 2010) was an English writer. She is best known for writing psychological fiction, which often includes dark or scary stories about people in the English working class. She won the Whitbread Award for Best Novel in 1977 and 1996.
- [Howard Bahr](https://lcdcompendium.com/howard-bahr/) - Bahr joined the U.S. Navy during the Vietnam War and later worked on the railroads for several years. In the early 1970s, when he was in his late 20s, he began attending the University of Mississippi.
- [Ingeborg Bachmann](https://lcdcompendium.com/ingeborg-bachmann/) - Ingeborg Bachmann (Austrian German: [ˈɪŋəbɔrɡ ˈbaxman]; June 25, 1926 – October 17, 1973) was an Austrian poet and writer. She is considered one of the most important writers in German-language literature during the 20th century. In 1963, she was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature by German scholar Harald Patzer.
- [Richard Bach](https://lcdcompendium.com/richard-bach/) - Richard David Bach (born June 23, 1936) is an American writer. He has written many books about flying, both fiction and non-fiction. His books include Jonathan Livingston Seagull (1970) and Illusions: The Adventures of a Reluctant Messiah (1977), which were among the most popular books in the 1970s.
- [Isaac Babel](https://lcdcompendium.com/isaac-babel/) - Isaac Emmanuilovich Babel was born on July 13, 1894 [O.S. 30 June 1894] and died on January 27, 1940. He was a Russian and Soviet writer, journalist, playwright, and literary translator.
- [Elnora M. Babcock](https://lcdcompendium.com/elnora-m-babcock/) - Elnora E. Monroe Babcock (born Monroe; January 11, 1852 – December 29, 1934) was an early leader in the American movement to give women the right to vote. She became very involved in this work in 1889 and was in charge of the printing work for the National Woman Suffrage Association for several years.
- [Jaroslav Hašek](https://lcdcompendium.com/jaroslav-hasek/) - Jaroslav Hašek was a Czech writer, humorist, and journalist who lived from April 30, 1883, to January 3, 1923. He was also a free-spirited person, first an anarchist, then a communist, and later a military official in the Red Army. He is most famous for his novel The Fateful Adventures of the Good Soldier Švejk During the World War, which tells the story of a soldier in World War I.
- [Karel Čapek](https://lcdcompendium.com/karel-capek/) - Karel Čapek ( / ˈ tʃ ɑː p ɛ k / ; Czech: [ ˈkarɛl ˈtʃapɛk ] ; 9 January 1890 – 25 December 1938) was a Czech writer, playwright, critic, and journalist. He is most famous for his science fiction works, including his novel War with the Newts (1936) and his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots, 1920), which introduced the word "robot." He also wrote many works that discussed political issues and the social problems of his time.
- [Leonardo Padura Fuentes](https://lcdcompendium.com/leonardo-padura-fuentes/) - Leonardo de la Caridad Padura Fuentes was born on October 10, 1955. He is a Cuban novelist and journalist who is most famous for writing the Mario Conde detective novels and the book El hombre que amaba a los perros (2009). In 2012, he received the National Literature Prize, which is Cuba’s top literary award.
- [Alejo Carpentier](https://lcdcompendium.com/alejo-carpentier/) - Alejo Carpentier y Valmont (Spanish pronunciation: [karpanˈtje], French pronunciation: [kaʁpɑ̃tje]; December 26, 1904 – April 24, 1980) was a Cuban writer, essayist, and music expert who had a major impact on Latin American literature during its well-known "boom" period. He was born in Lausanne, Switzerland, to French and Russian parents, but he grew up in Havana, Cuba. Even though he was born in Europe, he always considered himself Cuban.
- [Reinaldo Arenas](https://lcdcompendium.com/reinaldo-arenas/) - Reinaldo Arenas was born on July 16, 1943, and died on December 7, 1990. He was a Cuban poet, novelist, and playwright who strongly opposed Fidel Castro, the Cuban Revolution, and the Cuban government. His book, Before Night Falls, describes important events in the Cuban dissident movement and his time as a political prisoner.
- [Zoran Krušvar](https://lcdcompendium.com/zoran-krusvar/) - Zoran Krušvar is a Croatian psychologist and writer of science fiction and fantasy stories. He was born on April 9, 1977, in Rijeka. He has won four SFERA awards: in 2002 for Igra, in 2003 for Brodovi u tami, in 2007 for Izvršitelji nauma Gospodnjeg, and in 2008 for Tako biti mora.
- [Julijana Matanović](https://lcdcompendium.com/julijana-matanovic/) - Julijana Matanović was born on April 6, 1959. She is a Bosnian Croat who writes short stories and novels. She is a professor at the University of Zagreb's Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences.
- [Dubravka Ugrešić](https://lcdcompendium.com/dubravka-ugresic/) - Dubravka Ugrešić (Croatian: [dûbraːvka ûgreʃit͡ɕ]; 27 March 1949 – 17 March 2023) was a writer from Yugoslavia, Croatia, and the Netherlands. She graduated from the University of Zagreb and lived in Amsterdam since 1996. She continued to see herself as a writer from Yugoslavia.
- [Tomislav Ladan](https://lcdcompendium.com/tomislav-ladan/) - Tomislav Ladan (June 25, 1932 – September 12, 2008) was a Croatian writer, critic, translator, and novelist. Ladan was born in Ivanjica, Serbia, and grew up in Bosnia and Herzegovina, his homeland, where he studied at the Philosophical Faculty in Sarajevo. Because of his strong Croatian identity, he faced difficulty finding permanent work in the cultural field of Bosnia, which was mostly controlled by Serbs at the time.
- [Vesna Krmpotić](https://lcdcompendium.com/vesna-krmpotic/) - Vesna Krmpotić (17 June 1932 – 21 August 2018) was a Croatian writer and translator. She was born in Dubrovnik and graduated from the University of Zagreb with a degree in English and psychology. In New Delhi, India, she studied the Bengali language.
- [Ivan Aralica](https://lcdcompendium.com/ivan-aralica/) - Aralica was born in Promina near Knin. He completed teacher training school and studied at the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Zadar. From 1953, he worked as a high school teacher in small, rural villages in northern and central Dalmatia.
- [Zlata Kolarić-Kišur](https://lcdcompendium.com/zlata-kolaric-kisur/) - Zlata Kolarić-Kišur (29 October 1894 – 24 September 1990) was a Croatian writer. She was born in Slavonski Brod but moved with her family to Požega. She wrote about her childhood in her book My Golden Valley (Moja Zlatna dolina).
- [Miroslav Krleža](https://lcdcompendium.com/miroslav-krleza/) - Miroslav Krleža (pronounced [mǐrɔ̝slav̞ kř̩le̞ʒa]; July 7, 1893 – December 29, 1981) was a Croatian writer who is widely regarded as one of the most important figures of the 20th century. He wrote famous works in many types of writing, such as poetry (The Ballads of Petrica Kerempuh, 1936), plays (Messrs. Glembay, 1929), short stories (The Croatian God Mars, 1922), novels (The Return of Philip Latinowicz, 1932; On the Edge of Reason, 1938), and a personal diary.
- [Marija Jurić Zagorka](https://lcdcompendium.com/marija-juric-zagorka/) - Marija Jurić, born on March 2, 1873, and died on November 30, 1957, was a Croatian journalist, writer, and advocate for women's rights. She used the name Zagorka when writing her books and articles. Marija was the first woman to work as a journalist in Croatia.
- [Véronique Tadjo](https://lcdcompendium.com/veronique-tadjo/) - Véronique Tadjo was born in 1955. She is a writer, poet, novelist, and artist from Côte d'Ivoire. She has lived and worked in many countries in Africa and among people from Africa living in other countries.
- [Werewere Liking](https://lcdcompendium.com/werewere-liking/) - Werewere Liking (born in 1950 in Cameroon) is a writer, playwright, and performer who lives and works in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. In 1980, she started the Ki-Yi Mbock theatre troupe, and in 1985, she created the Ki-Yi village to help young people learn about the arts. Her novel Elle sera de jaspe et de corail is a song-novel told through the writings of a character called a misovire, which means "man-hater" from the Greek word miso ("hate") and the Latin word vir ("man").
- [Ahmadou Kourouma](https://lcdcompendium.com/ahmadou-kourouma/) - Ahmadou Kourouma was born in 1927 in Boundiali, Côte d'Ivoire. He was the eldest son of a well-known Malinké family. He was raised by his uncle and studied in Bamako, Mali.
- [Fatou Keïta](https://lcdcompendium.com/fatou-keita/) - Fatou Keïta was born in Soubré, Ivory Coast. She received her primary education in Bordeaux, where her father was studying surgery. Later, she attended high school in Bouaké and earned her baccalaureate in 1974.
- [Bernard Binlin Dadié](https://lcdcompendium.com/bernard-binlin-dadie/) - Bernard Binlin Dadié was born on January 10, 1916, and passed away on March 9, 2019. He was a writer from Ivory Coast who worked as a novelist, playwright, poet, and government official. From 1957 until his later years, he held many important jobs in the government of Côte d'Ivoire.
- [Micheline Coulibaly](https://lcdcompendium.com/micheline-coulibaly/) - Micheline Coulibaly was born in 1950 and passed away on March 19, 2003. She was a writer from Ivory Coast who created short stories and books written for children.
- [Tanella Boni](https://lcdcompendium.com/tanella-boni/) - Tanella Suzanne Boni was born in 1954. She is a poet and novelist from Ivory Coast. She is also a professor of philosophy at the University of Abidjan.
- [Roxana Pinto](https://lcdcompendium.com/roxana-pinto/) - Roxana was born in San Jose, Costa Rica. When her father passed away when she was thirteen years old, she moved to Paris to live with her uncle, who was the ambassador of Costa Rica in France. While living in Paris, she read books by authors such as Hugo, Duras, Yourcenar, and Proust, which helped her develop a love for literature.
- [Salman Rushdie](https://lcdcompendium.com/salman-rushdie/) - Sir Ahmed Salman Rushdie was born on June 19, 1947. He is an Indian-born British and American novelist. His writing often blends magical realism with stories based on history, focusing on the connections and differences between Eastern and Western cultures, especially those in the Indian subcontinent.
- [Milan Kundera](https://lcdcompendium.com/milan-kundera/) - Milan Kundera (UK: /ˈkʊndərə, ˈkʌn-/ KU(U)N-dər-ə; Czech: [ˈmɪlan ˈkundɛra]; 1 April 1929 – 11 July 2023) was a writer from the Czech Republic and France. In 1975, Kundera left his home country and moved to France. He became a French citizen in 1981.
- [Arthur Koestler](https://lcdcompendium.com/arthur-koestler/) - Arthur Koestler CBE (UK: /ˈkɜːstlər/, US: /ˈkɛst-/, German: [ˈaʁtuːɐ̯ ˈkœstlɐ], Hungarian: Kösztler Artúr [ˈkøstlɛr ˈɒrtuːr]; 5 September 1905 – 1 March 1983) was an author and journalist born in Austria-Hungary. He was born in Budapest and studied in Austria, except for his early years in school. In 1931, he joined the Communist Party of Germany but left in 1938 after becoming unhappy with Stalin’s ideas.
- [Romain Gary](https://lcdcompendium.com/romain-gary/) - Romain Gary (born Roman Leibovich Kacew; May 21, 1914 [Old Style May 8] – December 2, 1980), also known by the pen name Émile Ajar, was a Lithuanian-born French novelist, diplomat, film director, and military pilot. He is the only author to have won the Prix Goncourt twice (once under a pen name). He is considered a major writer in French literature of the second half of the 20th century.
- [Frederick Kambemba Yamusangie](https://lcdcompendium.com/frederick-kambemba-yamusangie/) - Frederick Kambemba Yamusangie is a novelist, playwright, and poet who was born and grew up part of the time in Zaire (now known as the Democratic Republic of Congo) in Africa. He studied communication engineering at the University of Kent at Canterbury in England and now lives in London. He is the author of Full Circle, a literary novel set in Congo.
- [V. Y. Mudimbe](https://lcdcompendium.com/v-y-mudimbe/) - Valentin-Yves Mudimbe was born on December 8, 1941, and passed away on April 22, 2025. He was a Congolese philosopher, academic, and writer who created poems, novels, and books about African culture and history. Mudimbe worked as a professor of Romance Studies and comparative literature at Duke University.
- [Sony Lab'ou Tansi](https://lcdcompendium.com/sony-labou-tansi/) - Sony Lab'ou Tansi (July 5, 1947 – June 14, 1995), born Marcel Ntsoni, was a Congolese writer who wrote novels, short stories, plays, and poems in French. Even though he was only 47 years old when he died, Tansi was one of the most productive African writers and the most well-known writer associated with the "New African Writing" movement. His novel The Antipeople won the Grand Prix Littéraire d'Afrique Noire.
- [Maguy Kabamba](https://lcdcompendium.com/maguy-kabamba/) - Maguy (Margaret) Rashidi Kabamba was born on August 3, 1960. She is a writer and translator from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree focused on Translation from York University in Toronto, Canada.
- [Jeannette Balou Tchichelle](https://lcdcompendium.com/jeannette-balou-tchichelle/) - Jeannette Balou Tchichelle was a writer from the Republic of the Congo and France. She was born in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo. In 1969, she moved to France and lived there with her three sons.
- [Alain Mabanckou](https://lcdcompendium.com/alain-mabanckou/) - Alain Mabanckou was born on February 24, 1966. He is a writer, reporter, poet, and teacher. He is a French citizen who was born in the Republic of the Congo.
- [Henri Lopes](https://lcdcompendium.com/henri-lopes/) - Henri Lopes was born on September 12, 1937, and passed away on November 2, 2023. He was a writer, diplomat, and politician from the Republic of the Congo. From 1973 to 1975, he served as the Prime Minister of Congo-Brazzaville.
- [Paul Lomami-Tshibamba](https://lcdcompendium.com/paul-lomami-tshibamba/) - Paul Lomami-Tshibamba was born on July 17, 1914, and lived until 1985. He was a Congolese journalist and author who was known as "the first giant of Congolese literature."
- [Emmanuel Dongala](https://lcdcompendium.com/emmanuel-dongala/) - Emmanuel Boundzéki Dongala was born in 1941 in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. He is a Congolese chemist and novelist. He held the Richard B.
- [Álvaro Mutis](https://lcdcompendium.com/alvaro-mutis/) - Álvaro Mutis Jaramillo was born on August 25, 1923, and died on September 22, 2013. He was a Colombian poet, novelist, and essayist. His most famous work is a series of novels called The Adventures and Misadventures of Maqroll, which focuses on the character Maqroll el Gaviero.
- [José Eustasio Rivera](https://lcdcompendium.com/jose-eustasio-rivera/) - José Eustasio Rivera Salas (February 19, 1888 – December 1, 1928) was a Colombian lawyer and writer famous for his important book The Vortex.
- [Gabriel García Márquez](https://lcdcompendium.com/gabriel-garcia-marquez/) - Gabriel José García Márquez (Latin American Spanish: [ɡaˈβɾjel ɣaɾˈsi.a ˈmaɾ.kes]; 6 March 1927 – 17 April 2014) was a Colombian writer and journalist. He was known as Gabo ([ˈɡaβo]) or Gabito ([ɡaˈβito]) in Latin America. He was considered one of the most important writers of the 20th century, especially in the Spanish language.
- [Héctor Abad Faciolince](https://lcdcompendium.com/hector-abad-faciolince/) - Héctor Abad Faciolince (born 1958) is a Colombian writer, essayist, journalist, and editor who also has Spanish citizenship. He is considered one of the most skilled writers in Latin American literature after the Latin American Boom period. Abad is best known for his popular novel Angosta and, more recently, El Olvido que Seremos (translated as Oblivion: A Memoir).
- [Eileen Chang](https://lcdcompendium.com/eileen-chang/) - Eileen Chang (traditional Chinese: 張愛玲; simplified Chinese: 张爱玲; pinyin: Zhāng Àilíng; Wade–Giles: Chang Ai-ling; September 30, 1920 – September 8, 1995), also known as Chang Ai-ling, Zhang Ailing, or by her pen name Liang Jing (梁京), was a Chinese and American writer. She was born in Shanghai to a family with a noble background and learned to read and write in both Chinese and English. Between 1943 and 1945, she became well-known for her writing in Japanese-occupied Shanghai.
- [Wei Jingsheng](https://lcdcompendium.com/wei-jingsheng/) - Wei Jingsheng (Chinese: 魏京生; born May 20, 1950) is a Chinese human rights activist and opponent of the government. He is best known for his role in the Chinese democracy movement. He became famous for writing an essay titled "The Fifth Modernization," which was displayed on the Democracy Wall in Beijing in 1978.
- [Wang Shuo](https://lcdcompendium.com/wang-shuo/) - Wang Shuo (Chinese: 王朔; pinyin: Wáng Shuò) was born on August 23, 1958. He is a Chinese writer who played an important role in "hooligan literature" (痞子文学) and the New Beijing School of Chinese literature. During the 1980s and 1990s, he became well-known for his writing style, which often included skeptical and disrespectful tones.
- [Qian Zhongshu](https://lcdcompendium.com/qian-zhongshu/) - Qian Zhongshu was born on November 21, 1910, and died on December 19, 1998. He was a Chinese writer and expert in literature. He is best known for his humorous novel Fortress Besieged, his nonfiction works written in many languages, and his work helping translate the writings of Mao Zedong into English.
- [Mo Yan](https://lcdcompendium.com/mo-yan/) - Mo Yan (pronounced /m oʊ j ɛ n/, Chinese: 莫言; pinyin: Mò Yán; meaning "don't speak") was born Guan Moye (simplified Chinese: 管谟业; traditional Chinese: 管謨業; pinyin: Guǎn Móyè) on March 5, 1955. He is a Chinese writer who became well-known for his 1984 novella, A Transparent Radish. His 1986 novel, Red Sorghum, brought him international recognition.
- [Mao Dun](https://lcdcompendium.com/mao-dun/) - Shen Dehong, also known as Mao Dun, was a Chinese writer, journalist, and cultural critic who lived from July 4, 1896, to March 27, 1981. He is most famous for his realist novels, such as Midnight, which describes life in the busy and diverse city of Shanghai. Mao Dun was one of the founders of the Chinese Communist Party and took part in important cultural movements in China during the 1920s and 1930s.
- [Lu Xun](https://lcdcompendium.com/lu-xun/) - Lu Xun, born Zhou Shuren and also known as Zhou Zhangshou, was a Chinese writer who lived from September 25, 1881, to October 19, 1936. He was a key figure in modern Chinese literature. He wrote stories, essays, poems, and political articles in both simple and traditional Chinese.
- [Lao She](https://lcdcompendium.com/lao-she/) - Shu Qingchun (Chinese: 舒慶春; February 3, 1899 – August 24, 1966), who wrote under the name Lao She, was a Chinese author of Manchu heritage. He is famous for writing about city life and using the Beijing dialect in his works, such as the novel Rickshaw Boy and the play Teahouse. During the Cultural Revolution, he faced harsh treatment and either took his own life or was killed.
- [Gao Xingjian](https://lcdcompendium.com/gao-xingjian/) - Gao Xingjian (Chinese: 高行健; born January 4, 1940) is a Chinese person who later became a French citizen. He is a novelist, playwright, critic, painter, photographer, film director, and translator. In 2000, he won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his work, which has universal value, deep insights, and creative use of language.
- [Dai Sijie](https://lcdcompendium.com/dai-sijie/) - Dai Sijie was born on March 2, 1954. He is a Chinese and French writer and filmmaker who has lived in France since 1984. He writes in French.
- [Cao Xueqin](https://lcdcompendium.com/cao-xueqin/) - Cao Xueqin ( [tsʰa ̌ ʊ ɕɥe ̀ tɕʰi ̌ n] tsow sh'weh-chin ; 4 April 1710 – 10 June 1765) was a Chinese writer and poet who lived during the Qing dynasty. He is most famous for writing Dream of the Red Chamber, one of the four most important classic novels in Chinese literature. His real name was Cao Zhan ( 曹霑 ), and his formal name was Mengruan.
- [Mercedes Valdivieso](https://lcdcompendium.com/mercedes-valdivieso/) - Mercedes Valdivieso (born Isabel Mercedes Ignacia Valenzuela Álvarez; March 1, 1924 – August 3, 1993) was a Chilean writer. She was born in Santiago, Chile, and is best known for her early works, which challenged traditional ideas. In 1961, she wrote La Brecha (Breakthrough), a novel considered an important feminist work in Latin America.
- [Amelia Solar de Claro](https://lcdcompendium.com/amelia-solar-de-claro/) - Amelia Solar de Claro (October 11, 1836 - November 21, 1915) was a Chilean poet, playwright, and writer of essays.
- [Marcela Serrano](https://lcdcompendium.com/marcela-serrano/) - Marcela Serrano, born in 1951, is a Chilean novelist. In 1994, her first novel, Para que no me olvides, won the Santiago Literary Prize. Her second book, Nosotras que nos queremos tanto, received the Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz Prize for women writers in Spanish.
- [Luis Sepúlveda](https://lcdcompendium.com/luis-sepulveda/) - Luis Sepúlveda Calfucura (October 4, 1949 – April 16, 2020) was a Chilean writer and journalist. He was a communist activist and strong opponent of Augusto Pinochet’s government. During the 1970s, he was imprisoned and tortured by the military government.
- [Baldomero Lillo](https://lcdcompendium.com/baldomero-lillo/) - Baldomero Lillo was a Chilean writer who studied nature. He was born on January 6, 1867, in Lota, Chile, and died on September 10, 1923, in San Bernardo, Chile. His writings focused on discussing problems in society.
- [José Donoso](https://lcdcompendium.com/jose-donoso/) - José Manuel Donoso Yáñez was born on October 5, 1924, and died on December 7, 1996. He was a Chilean writer, journalist, and professor. He lived most of his life in Chile, but he chose to live away from his country for many years in Mexico, the United States, and Spain.
- [Francisco Coloane](https://lcdcompendium.com/francisco-coloane/) - Francisco Coloane Cárdenas (Latin American Spanish: [fɾanˈsisko koloˈane]; July 19, 1910 – August 5, 2002) was a Chilean writer of novels and short stories. His books have been translated into many languages. Some of his books were turned into plays and movies.
- [Roberto Bolaño](https://lcdcompendium.com/roberto-bolano/) - Roberto Bolaño Ávalos (Spanish: [roˈβeɾto βoˈlaɲo ˈaβalos]; April 28, 1953 – July 15, 2003) was a Chilean writer who wrote novels, short stories, poems, and essays. In 1999, he received the Rómulo Gallegos Prize for his novel The Savage Detectives. In 2008, he was given the National Book Critics Circle Award for Fiction for his novel 2666, which a board member named Marcela Valdes called "a work so rich and dazzling that it will surely draw readers and scholars for ages." Many writers and critics think highly of Bolaño's work.
- [Isabel Allende](https://lcdcompendium.com/isabel-allende/) - Isabel Angélica Allende Llona was born on August 2, 1942. She is a Chilean-American writer. Allende’s books sometimes include magical realism, a style that mixes real events with fantasy.
- [Marie-Christine Koundja](https://lcdcompendium.com/marie-christine-koundja/) - Marie-Christine Koundja was born on March 30, 1957. She is a writer and diplomat from Chad who has worked in many government offices, ministries, and embassies in her country. She was the first woman from Chad to have her books published.
- [Mercè Rodoreda](https://lcdcompendium.com/merce-rodoreda/) - Mercè Rodoreda i Gurguí (Catalan pronunciation: [məɾˈsɛ ruðuˈɾɛðə]; 10 October 1908 – 13 April 1983) was a Catalan novelist who wrote in the Catalan language. She is regarded as the most important modern Catalan writer because other authors often mention her work, and her books are well known worldwide. Her books have been translated into more than thirty languages.
- [Narcís Oller](https://lcdcompendium.com/narcis-oller/) - Narcís Oller i de Moragas (Catalan pronunciation: [nəɾˈsiz uˈʎe]; August 10, 1846 – July 26, 1930) was a Catalan lawyer and novelist. He first wrote in the styles of literary realism and naturalism, later changing his style to match the Modernisme movement, which is similar to Art Nouveau in Catalonia. Even though his writing style changed over time, he is considered one of the most important Catalan authors of the 19th century.
- [Joanot Martorell](https://lcdcompendium.com/joanot-martorell/) - Joanot Martorell (Valencian: [dʒuaˈnɔd maɾtoˈɾeʎ]; about 1410–1465) was a knight and writer from Valencia, Spain. He is most famous for writing the novel Tirant lo Blanch, which was written in Catalan/Valencian and published in Valencia in 1490. This novel is often considered one of the most important works in Catalan literature.
- [Ramon Muntaner](https://lcdcompendium.com/ramon-muntaner/) - Ramon Muntaner (Catalan pronunciation: [rəˈmom muntəˈne]) was born in 1265 and died in 1336. He was a Catalan soldier for hire and a writer who recorded his life in a book called the Crònica. This book describes his experiences as a leader in the Catalan Company.
- [Catharine Parr Traill](https://lcdcompendium.com/catharine-parr-traill/) - Catharine Parr Traill (born Strickland; January 9, 1802 – August 29, 1899) was an English-Canadian writer and naturalist who wrote about life in Canada, especially in what is now Ontario (then called Upper Canada). In the 1830s, Canada covered a much smaller area than it does today. At that time, most of Upper Canada had not been explored by European settlers.
- [Carol Shields](https://lcdcompendium.com/carol-shields/) - Carol Ann Shields (born as Warner; June 2, 1935 – July 16, 2003) was an author of books and short stories. She was born in the United States but lived in Canada. She is most famous for her book The Stone Diaries, which was published in 1993.
- [Arthur Scaife](https://lcdcompendium.com/arthur-scaife/) - Arthur Hodgkin Scaife (c. 1855–1934) was an Australian-born English writer, editor, and insurance agent. He received his education in England and worked as an insurance agent in Constantinople for 18 years.
- [Margaret Marshall Saunders](https://lcdcompendium.com/margaret-marshall-saunders/) - Margaret Marshall Saunders CBE was born on April 13, 1861, and died on February 15, 1947. She was a Canadian author who wrote many children's stories and romance novels. She also gave lectures and worked to improve the treatment of animals.
- [Mordecai Richler](https://lcdcompendium.com/mordecai-richler/) - Mordecai Richler CC (January 27, 1931 – July 3, 2001) was a Canadian writer born in Montreal, Quebec. He is most famous for writing novels about Montreal's Jewish community, such as The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz (1959) and Barney's Version (1997). His books St.
- [Michèle Plomer](https://lcdcompendium.com/michele-plomer/) - Michèle Plomer was born in 1965 in Montreal, Quebec. She is a Canadian writer and translator who has won the Prix Alfred Desrochers and the Prix France-Québec.
- [Michael Ondaatje](https://lcdcompendium.com/michael-ondaatje/) - Philip Michael Ondaatje (born September 12, 1943) is a Canadian poet, fiction writer, and essayist who was born in Ceylon. Ondaatje began his literary career by writing poetry. In 1967, he published The Dainty Monsters, and in 1970, he released The Collected Works of Billy the Kid, which was highly praised by critics.
- [Alice Munro](https://lcdcompendium.com/alice-munro/) - Alice Ann Munro OOnt (born Laidlaw; July 10, 1931 – May 13, 2024) was a Canadian writer who received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2013. Her stories often move through time in a connected way, with groups of stories that are linked together. Munro’s stories are usually set in Huron County, a place in southwestern Ontario where she was born.
- [Farley Mowat](https://lcdcompendium.com/farley-mowat/) - Farley McGill Mowat (May 12, 1921 – May 6, 2014) was a Canadian writer and environmentalist. His books were translated into 52 languages, and he sold over 17 million books. He became famous for writing books about the Canadian north, like People of the Deer (1952) and Never Cry Wolf (1963).
- [Susanna Moodie](https://lcdcompendium.com/susanna-moodie/) - Susanna Moodie, originally named Susanna Strickland, was born on December 6, 1803, and died on April 8, 1885. She was an English-born Canadian author who wrote about her life as a settler in Canada, which was under British rule during her lifetime.
- [Lucy Maud Montgomery](https://lcdcompendium.com/lucy-maud-montgomery/) - Lucy Maud Montgomery, born on November 30, 1874, and died on April 24, 1942, was a Canadian writer who published books, essays, short stories, and poems. She began writing in 1908 with the novel Anne of Green Gables. Over her lifetime, she wrote 20 novels and more than 1,000 short stories and poems.
- [Rohinton Mistry](https://lcdcompendium.com/rohinton-mistry/) - Rohinton Mistry was born in 1952. He is a writer who was born in India and now lives in Canada. In 2012, he received the Neustadt International Prize for Literature.
- [Yann Martel](https://lcdcompendium.com/yann-martel/) - Yann Martel, CC (born June 25, 1963), is a Canadian author who wrote the novel Life of Pi, which won the Man Booker Prize. The book is an international bestseller published in more than 50 territories. It has sold over 12 million copies worldwide and was on the bestseller lists of The New York Times and The Globe and Mail for more than a year, as well as many other lists.
- [Stephen Leacock](https://lcdcompendium.com/stephen-leacock/) - Stephen Butler Leacock was born on December 30, 1869, and died on March 28, 1944. He was a Canadian teacher, political scientist, writer, and humorist. Between 1915 and 1925, he was the most well-known English-speaking humorist in the world.
- [Margaret Laurence](https://lcdcompendium.com/margaret-laurence/) - Jean Margaret Laurence CC (née Wemyss; July 18, 1926 – January 5, 1987) was a Canadian novelist and short story writer. She is an important person in Canadian literature. She also helped start the Writers' Trust of Canada, a non-profit group that tries to support writers in Canada.
- [Hugh MacLennan](https://lcdcompendium.com/hugh-maclennan/) - John Hugh MacLennan CC CQ FRSL FRSC was born on March 20, 1907, and passed away on November 9, 1990. He was a Canadian writer and taught English at McGill University. He received five Governor General's Awards and a Royal Bank Award.
- [Donald Jack](https://lcdcompendium.com/donald-jack/) - Donald Lamont Jack was born on December 6, 1924, and died on June 2, 2003. He was an English and Canadian novelist and playwright.
- [Gayleen Froese](https://lcdcompendium.com/gayleen-froese/) - Gayleen Froese was born in 1972. She is a Canadian novelist and singer-songwriter. She has written six novels, including two paranormal mystery novels and a series called Ben Ames Casefiles, which are detective stories.
- [Timothy Findley](https://lcdcompendium.com/timothy-findley/) - Timothy Irving Frederick Findley was born on October 30, 1930, and passed away on June 20, 2002. He was a Canadian novelist and playwright. People also called him Tiff or Tiffy, which are short for the first letters of his name.
- [Musharraf Ali Farooqi](https://lcdcompendium.com/musharraf-ali-farooqi/) - Musharraf Ali Farooqi was born on July 26, 1968. He is a writer, translator, and storyteller from Pakistan and Canada. In 2012, he was one of five writers chosen for Asia's most important literary award.
- [Réjean Ducharme](https://lcdcompendium.com/rejean-ducharme/) - Réjean Ducharme was born on August 12, 1941, and died on August 21, 2017. He was a Canadian writer, novelist, and playwright who lived in Montreal. He was known for keeping to himself and did not attend public events after his first successful book was published in 1966.
- [Ranj Dhaliwal](https://lcdcompendium.com/ranj-dhaliwal/) - Dhaliwal was born in Vancouver and grew up in Surrey Central, British Columbia during the 1980s. At that time, Indo-Canadian families were spread out across different suburbs. During this period, minority communities faced discrimination and racism, which Dhaliwal experienced directly.
- [Robertson Davies](https://lcdcompendium.com/robertson-davies/) - William Robertson Davies was born on August 28, 1913, and died on December 2, 1995. He was a Canadian writer, playwright, critic, journalist, and teacher. He was one of Canada’s most well-known and popular authors and a respected "man of letters," a title he was happy to use for himself.
- [Morley Callaghan](https://lcdcompendium.com/morley-callaghan/) - Edward Morley Callaghan was a Canadian writer and performer who lived from February 22, 1903, to August 25, 1990. He wrote novels, short stories, and plays, and also worked in television and radio.
- [Pierre Berton](https://lcdcompendium.com/pierre-berton/) - Pierre Francis de Marigny Berton (July 12, 1920 – November 30, 2004) was a Canadian historian, writer, journalist, and broadcaster. He wrote 50 best-selling books, mostly about Canadian history, culture, and everyday life. He also wrote about religion, collections of writings, books for children, and history books for young people.
- [Irene Baird](https://lcdcompendium.com/irene-baird/) - Irene Baird was born on April 4, 1901, in Carlisle, and she died on April 19, 1981, in Coquitlam. She was an English-Canadian novelist, journalist, and civil servant. She is most famous for her 1939 novel Waste Heritage, which describes worker conflicts.
- [Margaret Atwood](https://lcdcompendium.com/margaret-atwood/) - Margaret Eleanor Atwood (born November 18, 1939) is a Canadian writer, poet, literary critic, and inventor. Since 1961, she has written 18 books of poetry, 18 novels, 11 nonfiction books, nine short story collections, eight children’s books, two graphic novels, and many small press editions of poetry and fiction. Her most famous work is the 1985 dystopian novel The Handmaid’s Tale.
- [René Philombé](https://lcdcompendium.com/rene-philombe/) - René Philombé, a writing name used by Philippe Louis Ombedé, was born on November 13, 1930, in Ngaoundéré, Cameroon. He passed away on October 25, 2001. René Philombé was a Cameroonian writer, journalist, poet, novelist, and playwright who wrote mostly in French.
- [Ferdinand Oyono](https://lcdcompendium.com/ferdinand-oyono/) - Ferdinand Léopold Oyono was born on September 14, 1929, and died on June 10, 2010. He was a diplomat, politician, and author from Cameroon. Oyono’s books are known for using humor and irony to show how people can be tricked.
- [Jean-Louis Njemba Medu](https://lcdcompendium.com/jean-louis-njemba-medu/) - Jean-Louis Njemba Medu (1902–1966) was a writer from Cameroon. He is seen as an early leader in African novels, as he published the science fiction/fantasy novel Nnanga Kon in 1932 in his native Bulu language. The story describes the meeting between the Bulu tribe and a white missionary; the title means "white ghosts" or "phantom albinos" in Bulu.
- [Frieda Ekotto](https://lcdcompendium.com/frieda-ekotto/) - Frieda Ekotto is a French-speaking African woman who writes novels and studies literature. She is a professor at the University of Michigan, where she teaches about African American and African cultures and compares literature from different places. She is currently a Hunting Family Fellow at the Institute for the Humanities.
- [Calixthe Beyala](https://lcdcompendium.com/calixthe-beyala/) - Calixthe Beyala is a writer from Cameroon who is part of the Eton people. She was born in Sa'a, Cameroon, to parents who are also from Cameroon. Her aunt and grandmother had a big impact on her growth.
- [Mongo Beti](https://lcdcompendium.com/mongo-beti/) - Alexandre Biyidi Awala (30 June 1932 – 8 October 2001), also known as Mongo Beti or Eza Boto, was a Cameroonian author and writer who discussed important issues. He was considered one of the most insightful French-African writers for his descriptions of African life. The Guardian stated that "Beti must be counted as one of the leading African writers of the independence generation." Beti lived most of his life in France.
- [Francis Bebey](https://lcdcompendium.com/francis-bebey/) - Francis Bebey (French: [bəbɛ]), born on July 15, 1929, in Douala, Cameroon, and died on May 28, 2001, in Paris, France, was a Cameroonian expert in music, writer, composer, and radio announcer.
- [Marie-Thérèse Assiga Ahanda](https://lcdcompendium.com/marie-therese-assiga-ahanda/) - Marie-Thérèse Assiga Ahanda (born around 1941 and died on February 1, 2014) was a Cameroonian novelist, chemist, and highest leader of the Ewondo and Bene people. Early in her life, Ahanda worked in the chemistry department of the University of Yaoundé. Later, she moved to the Republic of the Congo with her husband, Jean Baptiste Assiga Ahanda, and began writing stories.
- [Lygia Fagundes Telles](https://lcdcompendium.com/lygia-fagundes-telles/) - Lygia Fagundes da Silva Telles (born Lygia de Azevedo Fagundes; Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈliʒiɐ faˈɡũdʒis ˈtɛlis]; April 19, 1918 – April 3, 2022) was a Brazilian novelist and writer. She was known as "the lady of Brazilian literature" and "the greatest Brazilian writer" during her lifetime. Many experts, critics, and readers believe she was one of the most important Brazilian writers in the 20th century and in the history of Brazilian literature.
- [João Guimarães Rosa](https://lcdcompendium.com/joao-guimaraes-rosa/) - João Guimarães Rosa (born June 27, 1908; died November 19, 1967) was a Brazilian novelist, short story writer, poet, and diplomat. He wrote only one novel, Grande Sertão: Veredas (known in English as The Devil to Pay in the Backlands). This book is notable for mixing old-fashioned and everyday language, as well as using many new words.
- [José Lins do Rego](https://lcdcompendium.com/jose-lins-do-rego/) - José Lins do Rego Cavalcanti (July 3, 1901 – September 12, 1957) was a Brazilian novelist best known for his series of novels called the "sugarcane cycle." These books were used to make movies that were shown in English-speaking countries. Cavalcanti was born in Pilar, Paraíba. He is considered one of the greatest regionalist writers of Brazil, along with Graciliano Ramos and Jorge Amado.
- [Graciliano Ramos](https://lcdcompendium.com/graciliano-ramos/) - Graciliano Ramos de Oliveira (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [ɡɾasiliˈɐnu ˈʁɐmuz dʒi oliˈvejɾɐ]; October 27, 1892 – March 20, 1953) was a Brazilian modernist writer, politician, and journalist. He is known worldwide for his description of the difficult lives of poor people living in the Brazilian sertão in his novel Vidas secas. His characters are complex and detailed, often showing negative views about life.
- [Fernando Sabino](https://lcdcompendium.com/fernando-sabino/) - Fernando Tavares Sabino was born on October 12, 1923, and died on October 11, 2004. He was a Brazilian writer and journalist.
- [Raul Pompeia](https://lcdcompendium.com/raul-pompeia/) - Raul d'Ávila Pompeia was born on April 12, 1863, and died on December 25, 1895. He was a Brazilian novelist, short story writer, and chronicler. He is famous for writing the Impressionist romance O Ateneu.
- [Raduan Nassar](https://lcdcompendium.com/raduan-nassar/) - Raduan Nassar was born on November 27, 1935, in Pindorama, São Paulo, Brazil. He is a Brazilian writer whose parents were Lebanese immigrants. When he was a teenager, he moved to São Paulo.
- [Joaquim Manuel de Macedo](https://lcdcompendium.com/joaquim-manuel-de-macedo/) - Joaquim Manuel de Macedo was born on June 24, 1820, and died on April 11, 1882. He was a Brazilian novelist, medical doctor, teacher, poet, playwright, and journalist. He is best known for writing the novel A Moreninha.
- [Clarice Lispector](https://lcdcompendium.com/clarice-lispector/) - Clarice Lispector (born Chaya Pinkhasivna Lispector; December 10, 1920 – December 9, 1977) was a Ukrainian-born Brazilian novelist and short story writer. Her unique and creative works explore themes of personal relationships and inner thoughts, using different storytelling styles. She became famous for books like Near to the Wild Heart (1943) and The Hour of the Star (1977).
- [Paulo Coelho](https://lcdcompendium.com/paulo-coelho/) - Paulo Coelho de Souza (Portuguese: [ˈpawlu kuˈeʎu]) was born on August 24, 1947. He is a Brazilian songwriter and author. Since 2002, he has been part of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.
- [Lúcio Cardoso](https://lcdcompendium.com/lucio-cardoso/) - Joaquim Lúcio Cardoso Filho (August 14, 1912 – September 22, 1968) was a Brazilian novelist, playwright, and poet.
- [Chico Buarque](https://lcdcompendium.com/chico-buarque/) - Francisco Buarque de Hollanda, born on June 19, 1944, is known as Chico Buarque. He is a Brazilian singer, songwriter, guitarist, composer, playwright, writer, and poet. His music often includes songs about social, economic, and cultural issues in Brazil.
- [Lima Barreto](https://lcdcompendium.com/lima-barreto/) - Afonso Henriques de Lima Barreto was born on May 13, 1881, and died on November 1, 1922. He was a Brazilian novelist and journalist. He was an important figure in Brazilian Pre-Modernism.
- [Machado de Assis](https://lcdcompendium.com/machado-de-assis/) - Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis (Portuguese: [ʒwɐˈkĩ maˈɾiɐ maˈʃadu d͡ʒ(i) aˈsis]), also known as Bruxo do Cosme Velho, was born on June 21, 1839, and died on September 29, 1908. He was a Brazilian writer, poet, playwright, and short story author, often considered the greatest writer in Brazilian literature. In 1897, he founded the Brazilian Academy of Letters and became its first president.
- [Oswald de Andrade](https://lcdcompendium.com/oswald-de-andrade/) - José Oswald de Souza Andrade (January 11, 1890 – October 22, 1954) was a Brazilian poet, novelist, and writer who analyzed culture. He was born in São Paulo, lived there most of his life, and died there. Andrade helped start the Brazilian modernist movement.
- [Mário de Andrade](https://lcdcompendium.com/mario-de-andrade/) - Mário Raul de Morais Andrade (October 9, 1893 – February 25, 1945) was a Brazilian poet, novelist, music expert, art historian, critic, and photographer. He wrote one of the first and most important collections of modern Brazilian poetry, Paulicéia Desvairada (Hallucinated City), which was published in 1922. His work greatly influenced Brazilian literature.
- [Jorge Amado](https://lcdcompendium.com/jorge-amado/) - Jorge Leal Amado de Faria (pronounced ZHOR-zhee; Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈʒɔʁʒi aˈmadu]; August 10, 1912 – August 6, 2001), known as Jorge Amado, was a Brazilian writer from the modernist movement. He is one of the most well-known Brazilian writers, with his books translated into about 49 languages. His stories were also made into films, such as Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands in 1976.
- [Manuel Antônio de Almeida](https://lcdcompendium.com/manuel-antonio-de-almeida/) - Manuel Antônio de Almeida was born on November 17, 1831, and passed away on November 28, 1861. He was a Brazilian writer, physician, and teacher. He is best known for his book Memoirs of a Police Sergeant, which he wrote using the name "Um Brasileiro" (which means "A Brazilian" in English).
- [José Alencar](https://lcdcompendium.com/jose-alencar/) - José Alencar Gomes da Silva (born October 17, 1931, and died March 29, 2011) was a Brazilian businessman, entrepreneur, and politician. He served as Brazil’s 23rd vice president from January 1, 2003, to January 1, 2011. Alencar started working in business at a young age and became a very wealthy person on his own as the chief executive of Coteminas, a major textile company.
- [Mositi Torontle](https://lcdcompendium.com/mositi-torontle/) - Mositi Torontle was born and raised in Francistown, Botswana. She earned a degree from the University of Botswana. She has worked as a teacher.
- [Andrew Sesinyi](https://lcdcompendium.com/andrew-sesinyi/) - Andrew Sesinyi (born September 7, 1952) is a Botswana author who wrote the book Love on the Rocks in 1981. He also worked in Botswana's media administration. Sesinyi is known as Botswana's first English novelist.
- [Bessie Head](https://lcdcompendium.com/bessie-head/) - Bessie Amelia Emery Head (6 July 1937 – 17 April 1986) was a South African writer who, even though she was born in South Africa, is often seen as Botswana's most important writer. She wrote novels, short stories, and books about her own life that include spiritual questions and thoughts. Some of her well-known books are When Rain Clouds Gather (1968), Maru (1971), and A Question of Power (1973).
- [Caitlin Davies](https://lcdcompendium.com/caitlin-davies/) - Caitlin Davies was born on March 6, 1964. She is an English writer, historian, reporter, and educator. She has written many books about the history of society and the history of women.
- [Miljenko Jergović](https://lcdcompendium.com/miljenko-jergovic/) - Jergović was born in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was part of Yugoslavia. His parents were from Croatia. He earned a master's degree in literature from Sarajevo University.
- [Meša Selimović](https://lcdcompendium.com/mesa-selimovic/) - Meša Selimović (Serbian Cyrillic: Меша Селимовић; pronounced [mɛ̌ːʃa sɛlǐːmɔʋitɕ]; born Mehmed Selimović; April 26, 1910 – July 11, 1982) was a Yugoslav writer. His works are considered very important in Bosnian and Serbian literature. Common themes in his writing include how individuals relate to authority, the meaning of life and death, and other big questions about life.
- [Andrej Nikolaidis](https://lcdcompendium.com/andrej-nikolaidis/) - Andrej Nikolaidis (Montenegrin Cyrillic: Андреј Николаидис; Greek: Ανδρέας Νικολαΐδης; born May 7, 1974) is a Montenegrin and Bosnian novelist, columnist, and political adviser. His novel Sin (The Son) won the European Union Prize for Literature in 2011. The English version was published in 2013 by Istros Books in the United Kingdom.
- [Ivo Andrić](https://lcdcompendium.com/ivo-andric/) - Ivo Andrić (Serbian Cyrillic: Иво Андрић; born Ivan Andrić; October 9, 1892 – March 13, 1975) was a Yugoslav writer who wrote novels, poems, and short stories. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1961. His books mainly focused on life in his home country of Bosnia during the time when the Ottoman Empire ruled there.
- [Brian Burland](https://lcdcompendium.com/brian-burland/) - Brian Burland was born on April 23, 1931, and passed away on February 11, 2010. He was a writer from Bermuda who authored nine well-known novels. His stories often explored themes such as colonialism, family conflicts, and race.
- [Angela Barry](https://lcdcompendium.com/angela-barry/) - Angela Barry, originally named Richards, is a Bermudian writer and teacher. She lived in several countries outside Bermuda for over 20 years, including England, France, The Gambia, Senegal, and Seychelles. She returned to Bermuda in the 1990s and has worked mainly as a lecturer since that time.
- [Adélaïde Fassinou](https://lcdcompendium.com/adelaide-fassinou/) - Adélaïde H. Edith Bignon Fassinou was born on September 15, 1955, in Porto-Novo, Benin. She is a writer from Benin and serves as Benin's General Secretary for UNESCO.
- [Richard Dogbeh](https://lcdcompendium.com/richard-dogbeh/) - Richard Dogbeh (1932–November 23, 2003), born Gbèmagon Richard Dogbeh in what is now Benin, was a writer and teacher. He worked as an assistant director in Benin’s National Ministry of Education from 1963 to 1966. He also participated in the International Advisory Committee for Libraries and Archives.
- [Florent Couao-Zotti](https://lcdcompendium.com/florent-couao-zotti/) - Florent Couao-Zotti was born in 1964. He is a writer who creates comics, plays, and short stories. He lives in Cotonou, Benin.
- [Berthe-Evelyne Agbo](https://lcdcompendium.com/berthe-evelyne-agbo/) - Berthe-Evelyne Agbo is a writer from Benin who has written poems in French. As a child, she lived in Saint-Louis, Senegal. She attended elementary and high school in Touraine, France, before studying at Université de Dakar.
- [Emory King](https://lcdcompendium.com/emory-king/) - Emory King was born on February 22, 1931, in Jacksonville, Florida, United States, and died on August 14, 2007. He claimed to be a Belizean historian, author, and journalist. He worked in many different roles for Belize, including as the National Film Commissioner.
- [Edward Broaster](https://lcdcompendium.com/edward-broaster/) - In 2005, Broaster worked as an Assistant Superintendent and was assigned to lead the Patrol Branch as Deputy Commander. In September 2006, he was promoted to Superintendent. After the 2008 election, Broaster had a disagreement with Chester Williams, a fellow officer he had previously worked with, such as in 2007 when they responded to Belize's first bomb threat on an outgoing flight.
- [Evan X Hyde](https://lcdcompendium.com/evan-x-hyde/) - Evan Anthony Hyde, also known as Evan X Hyde, was born on April 30, 1947. He is a Belizean writer, journalist, media executive, and former politician. He works for Amandala, which is the largest newspaper in Belize.
- [Zee Edgell](https://lcdcompendium.com/zee-edgell/) - Zelma Inez Edgell MBE, better known as Zee Edgell (October 21, 1940 – December 20, 2020), was a Belizean-born American writer who wrote four novels. She retired as a tenured professor of English at Kent State University.
- [Lode Zielens](https://lcdcompendium.com/lode-zielens/) - Ludovicus Carolus Zielens (13 June 1901 – 28 November 1944) was a Belgian novelist and journalist. He wrote many books, and his most famous work was Moeder, waarom leven wij? [nl].
- [Marguerite Yourcenar](https://lcdcompendium.com/marguerite-yourcenar/) - Marguerite Yourcenar (born Marguerite Antoinette Jeanne Marie Ghislaine Cleenewerck de Crayencour; June 8, 1903 – December 17, 1987) was a novelist and essayist who was born in Belgium but became a French citizen. She later became a citizen of the United States in 1947. She won the Prix Femina and the Erasmus Prize.
- [Jan Frans Willems](https://lcdcompendium.com/jan-frans-willems/) - Jan Frans Willems (11 March 1793 – 24 June 1846) was a Flemish writer and the father of the Flemish movement. He was born in Boechout, Belgium, while the city was under French control. He began his career as a notary in Antwerp.
- [Peter Verhelst](https://lcdcompendium.com/peter-verhelst/) - Peter Verhelst was born on January 28, 1962. He is a writer, poet, and playwright from Belgium's Flemish region. He received the Ferdinand Bordewijk Prijs for his work Tongkat.
- [Émile Verhaeren](https://lcdcompendium.com/emile-verhaeren/) - Émile Adolphe Gustave Verhaeren was a Belgian poet and art critic who wrote in French. He was born on May 21, 1855, and died on November 27, 1916. He helped create the Symbolism movement in art and literature.
- [Felix Timmermans](https://lcdcompendium.com/felix-timmermans/) - Leopold Maximiliaan Felix Timmermans was born on July 5, 1886, and died on January 24, 1947. He was a writer from Flanders whose books have been translated into many languages. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature three times.
- [Stijn Streuvels](https://lcdcompendium.com/stijn-streuvels/) - Franciscus "Frank" Petrus Maria Lateur (3 October 1871 – 15 August 1969), known as Stijn Streuvels (Dutch pronunciation: [stɛin ˈstrøːvəls]), was a Flemish Belgian writer.
- [Georges Simenon](https://lcdcompendium.com/georges-simenon/) - Georges Joseph Christian Simenon (French: [ʒɔʁʒ simnɔ̃]; February 12 or 13, 1903 – September 4, 1989) was a Belgian writer who created the fictional detective Jules Maigret. He was one of the most productive and successful authors of the 20th century. He wrote about 400 novels (192 under his own name), 21 volumes of memoirs, and many short stories.
- [Anne Provoost](https://lcdcompendium.com/anne-provoost/) - Anne Provoost was born in the Belgian town of Poperinge. She grew up in a family of four children in West Flanders and studied Germanic languages at the connected universities of Kortrijk and Leuven. Although she wrote stories as a child, she did not think much of it until she began winning writing competitions while in school.
- [Amélie Nothomb](https://lcdcompendium.com/amelie-nothomb/) - Baroness Fabienne Claire Nothomb, born on August 13, 1967, is a Belgian novelist who is better known by her pen name, Amélie Nothomb. She is a Francophone writer, meaning she speaks and writes in French. She spent part of her childhood in Asia.
- [Alice Nahon](https://lcdcompendium.com/alice-nahon/) - Alice Nahon was born in Antwerp on August 23, 1896. She was the third child in a family of eleven children. Her father, Gerard L.
- [Maurice Maeterlinck](https://lcdcompendium.com/maurice-maeterlinck/) - Maurice Polydore Marie Bernard Maeterlinck (29 August 1862 – 6 May 1949), also known as Count / Comte Maeterlinck from 1932, was a Belgian playwright, poet, and essayist who was Flemish but wrote in French. He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1911 for his many different types of writing, especially his plays, which show a lot of imagination and poetic creativity. These works often use fairy tales to explore deep ideas and connect with readers' emotions and imaginations.
- [Virginie Loveling](https://lcdcompendium.com/virginie-loveling/) - Virginie (Marie) Loveling (17 May 1836 – 1 December 1923) was a writer from Flanders who created poetry, novels, essays, and stories for children. She also used the pen name W. E.
- [Rosalie Loveling](https://lcdcompendium.com/rosalie-loveling/) - Rosalie Loveling was born in Nevele, Belgium, and was the older sister of Virginie Loveling, who was also an author. The two sisters wrote some of their books together. After their father, Herman Loveling, passed away, the family moved to Ghent.
- [Hubert Lampo](https://lcdcompendium.com/hubert-lampo/) - Hubert Leon Lampo was a Flemish writer born on September 1, 1920, in Antwerp. He passed away on July 12, 2006, in Essen. He was one of the people who started the magic realism movement in Flanders.
- [Marnix Gijsen](https://lcdcompendium.com/marnix-gijsen/) - Marnix Gijsen was born on October 20, 1899, and died on September 29, 1984. He was a writer from Belgium. His actual name was Joannes Alphonsius Albertus Goris.
- [Guido Gezelle](https://lcdcompendium.com/guido-gezelle/) - Guido Pieter Theodorus Josephus Gezelle was born on May 1, 1830, and died on November 27, 1899. He was a well-known writer, poet, and Roman Catholic priest from Belgium. He is most famous for using the West Flemish dialect in his work.
- [Jef Geeraerts](https://lcdcompendium.com/jef-geeraerts/) - Jozef Adriaan Anna Geeraerts (23 February 1930 – 11 May 2015), better known as Jef Geeraerts, was a Belgian writer. He was born in Antwerp, Belgium. After completing his studies in political and government work at a university in Antwerp, he became a government worker in the Belgian Congo.
- [Willem Elsschot](https://lcdcompendium.com/willem-elsschot/) - Alphonsus Josephus de Ridder (7 May 1882 – 31 May 1960) was a Belgian writer and poet who used the pen name Willem Elsschot (pronounced [ˈʋɪləm ˈɛlsxɔt]). He was one of the most well-known Flemish authors. His most famous book, Cheese (1933), is the Dutch-language novel from Flanders that has been translated into the most languages of all time.
- [Charles De Coster](https://lcdcompendium.com/charles-de-coster/) - Charles-Theodore-Henri De Coster (20 August 1827 – 7 May 1879) was a Belgian novelist. His work helped start a Belgian literature that was created by Belgians.
- [Johan Daisne](https://lcdcompendium.com/johan-daisne/) - Johan Daisne was the pseudonym used by Herman Thiery, a Flemish author who lived from September 2, 1912, to August 9, 1978. He was born in Ghent, Belgium, and attended the Koninklijk Atheneum before studying Economics and Slavic languages at Ghent University. He earned his doctorate in 1936.
- [Hugo Claus](https://lcdcompendium.com/hugo-claus/) - Hugo Maurice Julien Claus (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦyɣoː ˈklʌus]; April 5, 1929 – March 19, 2008) was an important Belgian writer who published books using his real name and other names. His work included plays, novels, and poems. He also worked as a painter and film director.
- [Ernest Claes](https://lcdcompendium.com/ernest-claes/) - Andreas Ernestus Josephus Claes (24 October 1885 in Zichem – 2 September 1968 in Elsene) was a Belgian writer. He is most famous for his regional novels, such as De Witte ("Whitey"), which served as the basis for the first Flemish sound film: De Witte (1920). In 1980, the story was remade as De Witte van Sichem by Robbe De Hert.
- [Hendrik Conscience](https://lcdcompendium.com/hendrik-conscience/) - Henri (Hendrik) Conscience was a Belgian writer born on December 3, 1812, and died on September 10, 1883. He is known as the first person to write important books in Dutch in Flanders, a region of Belgium. During his time, French was the main language used by the wealthy and in government and literature.
- [Nicolas Ancion](https://lcdcompendium.com/nicolas-ancion/) - Nicolas Ancion (French pronunciation: [nikɔla ɑ̃sjɔ̃]) is a Belgian writer who was born in Liège, Wallonia, Belgium, in 1971. His parents were professional puppeteers.
- [Ivan Shamiakin](https://lcdcompendium.com/ivan-shamiakin/) - Ivan Shamiakin (Belarusian: Іван Пятровіч Шамякін), born on January 30, 1921, and died on October 14, 2004, was a Soviet Belarusian writer who wrote many books during the time of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR). He wrote in a style known as socialist realism. He was born in the village of Karma, Gomel Region, Belarus.
- [Yanka Kupala](https://lcdcompendium.com/yanka-kupala/) - Ivan Daminikavich Lutsevich, known in Belarusian as Іван Дамінікавіч Луцэвіч and in Polish as Iwan Daminikawicz Łucewicz, was born on July 7 (Old Style June 25) in 1882. He is best known by his pen name, Yanka Kupala (Янка Купала). He was a Belarusian poet and writer who died on June 28, 1942.
- [Vasil Bykaŭ](https://lcdcompendium.com/vasil-bykau/) - Vasil Uladzimiravič Bykaŭ (also spelled Vasil Bykov, Belarusian: Васі́ль Уладзі́міравіч Бы́каў, Russian: Василь Влади́мирович Быков; born June 19, 1924; died June 22, 2003) was a Belarusian individual who opposed the government and worked as a politician. He also served as a junior lieutenant and wrote books about World War II, including novels and short stories. He was an important person in Soviet and Belarusian literature and ideas about society.
- [Glenville Lovell](https://lcdcompendium.com/glenville-lovell/) - Glenville Lovell is a Barbadian writer, dancer, novelist, and playwright. Lovell was born in a small house in Parish Land, Christ Church, Barbados. He grew up hearing stories from sugar cane workers.
- [George Lamming](https://lcdcompendium.com/george-lamming/) - George William Lamming OCC (8 June 1927 – 4 June 2022) was a Barbadian writer who wrote novels, essays, and poems. He received great praise for his 1953 first book, In the Castle of My Skin. He also worked as a teacher at universities, including as a distinguished visiting professor at Duke University and a visiting professor in the Africana Studies Department of Brown University.
- [Odimumba Kwamdela](https://lcdcompendium.com/odimumba-kwamdela/) - Odimumba Kwamdela, born J. Ashton Brathwaite (September 11, 1942 – January 16, 2019), was a writer from Barbados. He wrote 14 books, including fiction, non-fiction, and poetry, and created three spoken word albums with music.
- [Anthony Kellman](https://lcdcompendium.com/anthony-kellman/) - Anthony Kellman (born April 24, 1955) is a poet, novelist, and musician from Barbados. In 1990, the British publisher Peepal Tree Press released his first complete book of poetry, Watercourse. This book was supported by the late Martiniquan poet Edouard Glissant and helped start Kellman's career as an international writer.
- [Agymah Kamau](https://lcdcompendium.com/agymah-kamau/) - He was born in Barbados and moved to New York in 1977. He studied at Virginia Commonwealth University. He graduated from Baruch College of CUNY with a bachelor's degree in finance and a master's degree in quantitative economics in 1985.
- [J. B. Emtage](https://lcdcompendium.com/j-b-emtage/) - James Bernard De Courcey Emtage was born on February 14, 1902, and passed away on August 12, 1995. He was a writer from Barbados who used the name J. B.
- [Geoffrey Drayton](https://lcdcompendium.com/geoffrey-drayton/) - Geoffrey Drayton was born in Barbados and received his early education there. In 1945, he traveled to Cambridge University in England, where he studied economics. After completing his studies, he taught in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, for several years before returning to England in 1953.
- [Muhammad Yunus](https://lcdcompendium.com/muhammad-yunus/) - Muhammad Yunus (Bengali: মূহাম্মদ ইউনূস; born June 28, 1940) is a Bangladeshi economist and leader. He helped create the idea of giving small loans to poor people, called microcredit and microfinance. For this work, he won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006.
- [Rizia Rahman](https://lcdcompendium.com/rizia-rahman/) - Rizia Rahman was born on December 28, 1939, and passed away on August 16, 2019. She was a writer from Bangladesh who wrote many novels and short stories. Her work included different types of stories.
- [Kazi Nazrul Islam](https://lcdcompendium.com/kazi-nazrul-islam/) - Kazi Nazrul Islam was born on May 24, 1899, and died on August 29, 1976. He was a Bengali poet, writer, journalist, lyricist, and musician. He was later honored as the national poet of Bangladesh.
- [Taslima Nasrin](https://lcdcompendium.com/taslima-nasrin/) - Taslima Nasrin was born on August 25, 1962. She is a writer, doctor, feminist, and activist from Bangladesh and Sweden. She is known for writing about women's rights and criticizing Islam.
- [Dilara Hashem](https://lcdcompendium.com/dilara-hashem/) - Dilara Hashem (born as Khanom, August 25, 1935, to March 19, 2022) was a Bangladeshi author and novelist. She was one of the first Bengali writers to receive the Bangla Academy Literary Award in 1976 for her work in literature. Her well-known books include Ekada Ebang Ananta, Stabdhatar Kane Kane, Amlakir Mou, Badami Bikeler Galpa, Kaktaliya, Shangkha Karat, Anukta Padabali, Sadar Andar, and Setu.
- [Humayun Azad](https://lcdcompendium.com/humayun-azad/) - Humayun Azad (28 April 1947 – 12 August 2004) was a Bangladeshi poet, novelist, short-story writer, critic, linguist, columnist, and professor at Dhaka University. He wrote more than 70 works. In 1986, he was given the Bangla Academy Literary Award for his work in Bengali linguistics.
- [Tahmima Anam](https://lcdcompendium.com/tahmima-anam/) - Tahmima Anam (Bengali: তাহমিমা আনাম) was born on October 8, 1975. She is a writer, novelist, and columnist who was born in Bangladesh and later became a British citizen. Her first novel, A Golden Age, was published in 2007 and won the Best First Book award at the 2008 Commonwealth Writers' Prizes.
- [Monica Ali](https://lcdcompendium.com/monica-ali/) - Monica Ali CBE FRSL (Bengali: মনিকা আলী; born 20 October 1967) is a British writer with Bangladeshi and English heritage. In 2003, she was chosen as one of the "Best of Young British Novelists" by Granta based on an unpublished manuscript. Her first novel, Brick Lane, was published later that year.
- [Kurban Said](https://lcdcompendium.com/kurban-said/) - Kurban Said is a false name used by the author of the book Ali and Nino. The book was first published in 1937 in German by an Austrian publisher named E.P. Tal.
- [Elchin Safarli](https://lcdcompendium.com/elchin-safarli/) - Elchin Safarli (Azerbaijani: Elçin Səfərli, Russian: Эльчин Сафарли) was born on March 12, 1984, in Baku, Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic, part of the Soviet Union. He is an Azerbaijani novelist and journalist who has written and published ten novels in Russian. A composer named Asya Sultanova has turned some of his work into music.
- [Afag Masud](https://lcdcompendium.com/afag-masud/) - Afag Masud (Azerbaijani: Afaq Məsud) was born on June 3, 1957, in Baku. She is an Azerbaijani writer and playwright. She has received the title of People’s Writer and Honored Art Worker.
- [Alaviyya Babayeva](https://lcdcompendium.com/alaviyya-babayeva/) - Alaviyya Babayeva Hanifa Kizi (August 12, 1921 – September 23, 2014) was a writer, translator of modern Russian literature, and publicist.
- [Akram Aylisli](https://lcdcompendium.com/akram-aylisli/) - Akram Najaf oglu Naibov (Azerbaijani: Əkrəm Nəcəf oğlu Naibov), born on December 6, 1937, is an Azerbaijani writer, playwright, novelist, and former member of parliament. He is better known by his pen name, Akram Aylisli. His books have been translated from Azerbaijani into many languages across the former Soviet Union and other countries.
- [Stefan Zweig](https://lcdcompendium.com/stefan-zweig/) - Stefan Zweig (pronounced ZWYGHE or SWYGHE; German: [ˈʃtɛfan t͡svaɪ̯k] or Austrian German: [t͡svaɪ̯g]; November 28, 1881 – February 22, 1942) was an Austrian writer. During the 1920s and 1930s, he was one of the most popular writers in the world, with his books translated into many languages. He was born into a Jewish family and grew up in Vienna, Austria-Hungary.
- [Bertha von Suttner](https://lcdcompendium.com/bertha-von-suttner/) - Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicitas von Suttner was an Austrian noblewoman, pacifist, and novelist. She was born on June 9, 1843, and died on June 21, 1914. Originally named Countess Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau, she became the second woman to win a Nobel Prize in 1905, following Marie Curie, who won in 1903.
- [Arthur Schnitzler](https://lcdcompendium.com/arthur-schnitzler/) - Arthur Schnitzler (German: [ˈʃnɪtslɐ]; 15 May 1862 – 21 October 1931) was an Austrian author and playwright. He is considered one of the most important figures in Viennese Modernism, a movement in Austrian art and literature around the turn of the 20th century. His plays and stories explored the lives of people in Vienna’s middle and upper classes during the early 1900s.
- [Robert Schneider](https://lcdcompendium.com/robert-schneider/) - Robert Peter Schneider was born on March 9, 1971. He is an American musician and mathematician. He is the lead singer, songwriter, guitarist, and producer for the rock/pop band the Apples in Stereo.
- [Joseph Roth](https://lcdcompendium.com/joseph-roth/) - Moses Joseph Roth (Austrian German: [roːt]; September 2, 1894 – May 27, 1939) was a journalist and novelist from the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He is most famous for his book Radetzky March (1932), which tells the story of the Austro-Hungarian Empire’s decline. He also wrote Job (1930), a novel about Jewish life, and an important essay titled Juden auf Wanderschaft (1927), which describes Jewish people moving from eastern to western Europe after World War I and the Russian Revolution.
- [Robert Musil](https://lcdcompendium.com/robert-musil/) - Robert Musil (pronounced "moo-sil" or "zil"; in Austrian German, [ˈroːbɛrt ˈmuːzɪl]) was born on November 6, 1880, and died on April 15, 1942. He was an Austrian writer who focused on philosophy. His unfinished novel, The Man Without Qualities (German: Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften), is often considered one of the most important and influential modernist novels.
- [Elfriede Jelinek](https://lcdcompendium.com/elfriede-jelinek/) - Elfriede Jelinek (German: [ɛlˈfʁiːdə ˈjɛlinɛk]; born October 20, 1946) is an Austrian writer who creates plays and novels. She is one of the most honored authors who write in German. In 2004, she received the Nobel Prize in Literature for her use of many voices in her work, which shows how society's common ideas can be harmful and how they control people.
- [Peter Handke](https://lcdcompendium.com/peter-handke/) - Peter Handke (German: [ˈpeːtɐ ˈhantkə]; born 6 December 1942) is an Austrian writer, playwright, translator, poet, film director, and screenwriter. He received the 2019 Nobel Prize in Literature for his work, which uses creative language to explore the edges and unique aspects of human experiences. Handke is regarded as one of the most important and original writers in the German language during the second half of the 20th century.
- [Hermann Broch](https://lcdcompendium.com/hermann-broch/) - Hermann Broch (Austrian German: [brɔx]; November 1, 1886, to May 30, 1951) was an Austrian writer. He is most famous for two important books called The Sleepwalkers (Die Schlafwandler, 1930–32) and The Death of Virgil (Der Tod des Vergil, 1945).
- [Thomas Bernhard](https://lcdcompendium.com/thomas-bernhard/) - Nicolaas Thomas Bernhard (German: [ˈtoːmas ˈbɛʁnhaʁt]; February 9, 1931 – February 12, 1989) was an Austrian writer known for his work as a novelist, playwright, poet, and someone who argued about important issues. He is considered one of the most significant authors writing in the German language after World War II. His books often focused on difficult topics like death, loneliness, strong desires, and sickness.
- [Hugo Bettauer](https://lcdcompendium.com/hugo-bettauer/) - Maximilian Hugo Bettauer was born on August 18, 1872, and died on March 26, 1925. He was an Austrian writer and journalist who wrote many books. He was murdered by a member of the Nazi Party because he opposed antisemitism.
- [Vicki Baum](https://lcdcompendium.com/vicki-baum/) - Hedwig "Vicki" Baum ( / b aʊ m / ; January 24, 1888 – August 29, 1960) was an Austrian writer. She is known for the novel Menschen im Hotel ('People at a Hotel,' 1929 — published in English as Grand Hotel), one of her first major successes that became popular worldwide. The story was adapted into a film in 1932 and a Broadway musical in 1989.
- [Obelit Yadgar](https://lcdcompendium.com/obelit-yadgar/) - Obelit Yadgar (June 29, 1941 – August 30, 2023), also known as Obie Yadgar, was an Assyrian-American radio announcer from Glendale, Wisconsin. Yadgar was born in Baghdad, Iraq. He grew up in Tehran and moved to the United States in 1957.
- [Rosie Malek-Yonan](https://lcdcompendium.com/rosie-malek-yonan/) - Rosie Malek-Yonan (born July 4, 1965) is an Assyrian-American actress, author, director, public figure, and activist. Malek-Yonan became a well-known pianist at a young age. After graduating from the University of Cambridge, she moved to the United States, where she worked in music and dramatic arts.
- [Ivan Kakovitch](https://lcdcompendium.com/ivan-kakovitch/) - Ivan Kakovitch was born on December 9, 1933, in Kiev, USSR, and died on December 22, 2006, in Paris, France. He was an Assyrian author, journalist, professor, and nationalist leader. He wrote the Assyrian Manifesto and the novel Mount Semele.
- [Thea Halo](https://lcdcompendium.com/thea-halo/) - Thea Halo (born 1941) is an American writer and painter with Assyrian and Pontic Greek heritage. She was born in New York City and is the eighth child of Abraham and Sano Halo. Sano Halo’s original name was Euthymia “Themia,” a name from the Pontic Greek language.
- [Kahlil Gibran](https://lcdcompendium.com/kahlil-gibran/) - Jubrān Khalīl Jubrān (Arabic: جُبْرَن خَلِيل جُبْرَن), often called Kahlil Gibran in English, was a Lebanese-American writer, poet, and artist. He was also thought of as a philosopher, though he did not accept that title. He is most famous for writing The Prophet, a book first published in the United States in 1923.
- [Zabel Yesayan](https://lcdcompendium.com/zabel-yesayan/) - Zabel Yesayan (Armenian: Զապել Եսայան (reformed), Զապէլ Եսայեան (classical); February 4, 1878 – 1943) was an Armenian writer and an important person in the Armenian academic and political community during the late 1800s and early 1900s. Zabel Yesayan wrote books, articles, and gave speeches about many topics, including the Adana massacre, the Armenian genocide, and the situation of Armenian women. She also worked as a translator in France and later taught as a professor.
- [Alexander Shirvanzade](https://lcdcompendium.com/alexander-shirvanzade/) - Alexander Minasi Movsisian (Armenian: Ալեքսանդր Մինասի Մովսիսեան; born April 18, 1858; died August 7, 1935) is better known by his pen name Alexander Shirvanzade (Armenian: Ալեքսանդր Շիրվանզադէ). He was an Armenian playwright and novelist. He was an important figure in the realist movement in Armenian literature.
- [Levon Khechoyan](https://lcdcompendium.com/levon-khechoyan/) - Levon Khechoyan (Armenian: Լևոն Խեչոյան) was an Armenian writer and novelist born on December 8, 1955, and died on January 8, 2014.
- [Zori Balayan](https://lcdcompendium.com/zori-balayan/) - Zori Hayki Balayan (Armenian: Զորի Հայկի Բալայան, February 10, 1935 – April 5, 2026) was an Armenian novelist, journalist, sports doctor, traveler, and sports expert. He was awarded the "Renowned master of the Arts," an Armenian official title.
- [Michael Arlen](https://lcdcompendium.com/michael-arlen/) - Michael Arlen (born Dikran Sarkis Kouyoumdjian, Armenian: Տիգրան Գոյումճեան, November 16, 1895 – June 23, 1956) was an essayist, short story writer, novelist, playwright, and screenwriter. He achieved his greatest success in the 1920s while living in England, where he wrote and published his popular novel The Green Hat in 1924. Arlen is best known for his humorous stories about life in high society in England, but he also wrote gothic horror and psychological thriller stories.
- [Jorge Luis Borges](https://lcdcompendium.com/jorge-luis-borges/) - Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges (pronounced BOR-hess; Spanish: [ˈxoɾxe ˈlwis ˈboɾxes]; August 24, 1899 – June 14, 1986) was an Argentine writer, essayist, poet, and translator. He is considered an important figure in Spanish-language and international literature. His most famous works, Ficciones (translated as Fictions) and El Aleph (translated as The Aleph), were published in the 1940s.
- [Luisa Valenzuela](https://lcdcompendium.com/luisa-valenzuela/) - Luisa Valenzuela Levinson (born November 26, 1938) is an Argentine writer known for her work after the Boom period in literature. She writes novels and short stories that use unusual methods to explore unfair systems in society from a woman's point of view. Her most famous works were written in response to the military government in Argentina during the 1970s.
- [Ernesto Sabato](https://lcdcompendium.com/ernesto-sabato/) - Ernesto Sabato (Spanish: [ˈsaβaðo]; June 24, 1911 – April 30, 2011) was an Argentine novelist, essayist, painter, and physicist. According to the BBC, he "won some of the most important prizes in Hispanic literature" and "became very influential in the literary world throughout Latin America." After his death, El País called him the "last classic writer in Argentine literature." Sabato was known for his bald head and brush-shaped mustache. He often wore tinted glasses and open-necked shirts.
- [Juan José Saer](https://lcdcompendium.com/juan-jose-saer/) - Juan José Saer was born on June 28, 1937, and died on June 11, 2005. He was an important Argentine writer. In 1987, he won the Premio Nadal because of his novel The Event (La ocasión).
- [Josh Andrés Rivera](https://lcdcompendium.com/josh-andres-rivera/) - Josh Andrés Rivera was born on May 1, 1995. He is an American actor. He is best known for playing the role of Chino in Steven Spielberg's 2021 new version of West Side Story.
- [Manuel Puig](https://lcdcompendium.com/manuel-puig/) - Juan Manuel Puig Delledonne (December 28, 1932 – July 22, 1990), often known as Manuel Puig, was an Argentine writer and advocate for LGBTQ rights. His most famous works include La traición de Rita Hayworth (Betrayed by Rita Hayworth, 1968), Boquitas pintadas (Heartbreak Tango, 1969), and El beso de la mujer araña (Kiss of the Spider Woman, 1976). The novel Kiss of the Spider Woman was adapted into a film released in 1985, directed by Héctor Babenco, an Argentine-Brazilian filmmaker, and later became a Broadway musical that premiered in 1993.
- [Leopoldo Marechal](https://lcdcompendium.com/leopoldo-marechal/) - Leopoldo Marechal was an important Argentine writer in the 20th century. He was born on June 11, 1900, and he died on June 26, 1970.
- [Sylvia Iparraguirre](https://lcdcompendium.com/sylvia-iparraguirre/) - Sylvia Iparraguirre was born in 1947. She is an Argentine writer and someone who works to protect people's rights. She has won the Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz Prize.
- [Ricardo Güiraldes](https://lcdcompendium.com/ricardo-guiraldes/) - Ricardo Güiraldes was born on February 13, 1886, and died on October 8, 1927. He was an Argentine novelist and poet, and one of the most important Argentine writers of his time. He is famous for his 1926 novel, Don Segundo Sombra, which takes place among the gauchos.
- [Oscar R. Gómez](https://lcdcompendium.com/oscar-r-gomez/) - Oscar R. Gómez, also known as Osy, was born on March 9, 1956, in Puerto Belgrano, Buenos Aires Province. He is an Argentine writer, psychoanalyst, and academic researcher.
- [Macedonio Fernández](https://lcdcompendium.com/macedonio-fernandez/) - Macedonio Fernández was born on June 1, 1874, and died on February 10, 1952. He was an Argentine writer, humorist, and thinker. He wrote novels, stories, poetry, articles, and other works that are hard to categorize.
- [Julio Cortázar](https://lcdcompendium.com/julio-cortazar/) - Julio Florencio Cortázar (Latin American Spanish: [ˈxuljo koɾˈtasaɾ]; August 26, 1914 – February 12, 1984) was an Argentine writer who later became a French citizen. He was a novelist, short story writer, poet, essayist, and translator. Cortázar is known as one of the founders of the Latin American Boom, a time when many Latin American writers gained international recognition.
- [Abelardo Castillo](https://lcdcompendium.com/abelardo-castillo/) - Abelardo Castillo was born on March 27, 1935, in San Pedro, Buenos Aires, Argentina. He died on May 2, 2017. He was a writer, novelist, essayist, and diarist.
- [Adolfo Bioy Casares](https://lcdcompendium.com/adolfo-bioy-casares/) - Adolfo Bioy Casares was an Argentine writer, journalist, diarist, and translator. He was born on September 15, 1914, and died on March 8, 1999. He worked closely with Jorge Luis Borges, another Argentine writer.
- [César Aira](https://lcdcompendium.com/cesar-aira/) - César Aira (Argentine Spanish: [ˈsesaɾ ˈajɾa]) was born on February 23, 1949, in Coronel Pringles, a town in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. He is an Argentine writer and translator who is considered an important figure in modern Argentine literature. He has written more than 100 short books, including stories, novels, and essays.
- [Jamaica Kincaid](https://lcdcompendium.com/jamaica-kincaid/) - Jamaica Kincaid (born Elaine Cynthia Potter Richardson on May 25, 1949) is an Antiguan and American writer, essayist, gardener, and author about gardening. She was born in St. John's, which is the capital of Antigua and Barbuda.
- [Óscar Ribas](https://lcdcompendium.com/oscar-ribas/) - Oscar Bento Ribas (17 August 1909 – 19 June 2004) was an Angolan writer. Ribas was born in Luanda, the son of Arnaldo Gonçalves Ribas (who was Portuguese) and Maria de Conceição Bento Faria (Angolan). His first publications were two novels: Nuvens que passam (Clouds that pass) in 1927 and Resgate de uma falta (Rescue of a lack) in 1929.
- [Pepetela](https://lcdcompendium.com/pepetela/) - Artur Carlos Maurício Pestana dos Santos (born 1941) is an Angolan writer who writes stories. He is known by the name Pepetela. Pepetela was born in Benguela, Portuguese Angola, and was a Portuguese Angolan.
- [Ondjaki](https://lcdcompendium.com/ondjaki/) - Ndalu de Almeida, born on July 5, 1977, is an Angolan writer who is known by the pen name Ondjaki. He has written poetry, children's books, short stories, novels, plays, and film scripts.
- [Sousa Jamba](https://lcdcompendium.com/sousa-jamba/) - Sousa Jamba was born in 1966 in Dondi, Huambo, in central Angola. His family supported the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), which fought with the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) during the Angolan War of Independence (1961–75). Later, UNITA fought against the MPLA during the civil war (1975–2002).
- [José Eduardo Agualusa](https://lcdcompendium.com/jose-eduardo-agualusa/) - José Eduardo Agualusa Alves da Cunha was born on December 13, 1960. He is an Angolan writer and columnist with Portuguese and Brazilian heritage. He studied agronomy and silviculture in Lisbon, Portugal.
- [Petronius](https://lcdcompendium.com/petronius/) - Gaius Petronius Arbiter ( / p ɪ ˈ t r oʊ n i ə s / ; Classical Latin: [ ˈɡaːiʊs pɛˈtroːniʊs arbɪtɛr ] ; around 27 to around 66 AD; sometimes called Titus Petronius Niger) was a Roman official during the time of Emperor Nero (ruled 54–68 AD). He is usually thought to have written the Satyricon, a humorous story believed to have been created during Nero’s rule. He is a key character in Henryk Sienkiewicz’s historical novel Quo Vadis (1895).
- [Apuleius](https://lcdcompendium.com/apuleius/) - Apuleius (pronounced AP-yoo-LEE-us), also known as Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis (born around 124 and died after 170), was a Roman writer, philosopher, and speaker who lived in the Roman province of Numidia. He was born in the Berber city of Madauros, which is now called M'Daourouch in Algeria. He studied philosophy in Athens, traveled to Italy, Asia Minor, and Egypt, and was part of several secret religious groups.
- [Kateb Yacine](https://lcdcompendium.com/kateb-yacine/) - Kateb Yacine (born on August 2, 1929 or August 6, 1929; died on October 28, 1989) was an Algerian writer known for writing novels and plays in both French and Algerian Arabic. He was also recognized for supporting the rights of the Berber people.
- [Leïla Sebbar](https://lcdcompendium.com/leila-sebbar/) - Leïla Sebbar was born on November 9, 1941, in Aflou. She is the daughter of a French mother and an Algerian father. She grew up in French Algeria and left for Paris when she was seventeen.
- [Rachid Mimouni](https://lcdcompendium.com/rachid-mimouni/) - Rachid Mimouni (Arabic: رشيد ميموني; November 20, 1945 – February 12, 1995) was an Algerian writer, teacher, and human rights activist. Mimouni wrote novels that showed Algerian society in a realistic way. He faced threats from Islamic militants because he opposed a movement he believed was based on old-fashioned ideas that were not relevant to modern times.
- [Mouloud Mammeri](https://lcdcompendium.com/mouloud-mammeri/) - Mouloud Mammeri was born on December 28, 1917, in Ait Yenni, Tizi Ouzou Province, French Algeria. He attended primary school in his village before moving to Morocco to live with his uncle in Rabat. Four years later, he returned to Algiers and studied at Bugeaud College.
- [Frantz Fanon](https://lcdcompendium.com/frantz-fanon/) - Frantz Omar Fanon was born on July 20, 1925, and died on December 6, 1961. He was a psychiatrist and political thinker from Martinique, which was then a French colony (now part of France). His writings have had a major influence on studies about countries after colonial rule and on theories that examine society and culture.
- [Assia Djebar](https://lcdcompendium.com/assia-djebar/) - Fatima-Zohra Imalayen (Arabic: فاطمة الزهراء إيمالاين; June 30, 1936 – February 6, 2015), known by her pen name Assia Djebar (Arabic: آسيا جبار), was an Algerian novelist, translator, and filmmaker. Her works often explore challenges faced by women, and she is recognized for her support of women's rights. She is often linked to movements focused on women's writing, and her novels highlight the history of Algerian women.
- [Tahar Djaout](https://lcdcompendium.com/tahar-djaout/) - Tahar Djaout (from the Kabyle ethnic group: Ṭaher Ǧaɛut), born on January 11, 1954, and died on June 2, 1993, was an Algerian journalist, poet, and fiction writer. He was killed by the Armed Islamic Group in 1993.
- [Rachid Boudjedra](https://lcdcompendium.com/rachid-boudjedra/) - Rachid Boudjedra (Arabic: رشيد بوجدرة) was born on September 5, 1941, in Aïn Beïda, Algeria. He is an Algerian poet, novelist, playwright, and critic. From 1965 to 1981, he wrote in French.
- [Taos Amrouche](https://lcdcompendium.com/taos-amrouche/) - Marie-Louise-Taos Amrouche (Tamazight: Mari-Lwiz Ṭawes Ɛemruc, March 1913 – April 2, 1976) was a Kabyle writer and singer. In 1947, she became the first Kabyle woman to write and publish a novel.
- [Migjeni](https://lcdcompendium.com/migjeni/) - Millosh Gjergj Nikolla, commonly known by his pen name Migjeni, was an Albanian poet and writer who lived from October 13, 1911, to August 26, 1938. He is considered one of the most important writers of the 20th century. After his death, he was recognized as a major influence in Albanian literature between the world wars.
- [Faik Konica](https://lcdcompendium.com/faik-konica/) - Faik Bey Konica (later named Faïk Dominik Konitza, 15 March 1875 – 15 December 1942) was an important person in Albanian language and culture during the early 1900s. As the Albanian minister to Washington, D.C., his literary magazine Albania became the main publication for Albanian writers living outside Albania. Faik Konica wrote few literary works, but he was an important writer of style, critic, public writer, and political leader in Albanian culture.
- [Fatos Kongoli](https://lcdcompendium.com/fatos-kongoli/) - Kongoli was born and grew up in Elbasan, Albania. He attended Qemal Stafa High School in Tirana, Albania. He studied mathematics at a university in China during the time when relations between China and Albania were strained.
- [Ismail Kadare](https://lcdcompendium.com/ismail-kadare/) - Ismail Kadare (Albanian: [ismaˈil kadaˈɾe]; January 28, 1936 – July 1, 2024) was an Albanian novelist, poet, essayist, screenwriter, and playwright. He was a respected international writer and thinker, known for his poetry until he wrote his first novel, The General of the Dead Army, which brought him worldwide fame. Kadare is considered by some to be one of the most important writers and thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries.
- [Dritëro Agolli](https://lcdcompendium.com/dritero-agolli/) - Dritëro Agolli was born on October 13, 1931, and died on February 3, 2017. He was an Albanian poet, writer, and politician. He studied in Leningrad, which was part of the Soviet Union.
- [Nemat Sadat](https://lcdcompendium.com/nemat-sadat/) - Nemat Sadat (Punjabi: نعمت سادات code: pan promoted to code: pa), born in 1979, is an Afghan-American journalist, novelist, human rights activist, and former professor of political science at the American University of Afghanistan. He is known for his first novel, The Carpet Weaver, and his efforts to support LGBTQIA+ rights, especially in places where Islamic traditions and culture influence attitudes about homosexuality. Sadat is one of the first Afghans to publicly share his identity as gay and to advocate for LGBTQIA+ rights, gender freedom, and sexual liberty in Afghanistan.
- [Akram Osman](https://lcdcompendium.com/akram-osman/) - Mohammad Akram Osman was born on May 2, 1937, in Herat, Afghanistan. He died on August 11, 2016, in Jönköping, Sweden. He was a well-known Afghan writer, novelist, and scholar.
- [Khaled Hosseini](https://lcdcompendium.com/khaled-hosseini/) - Khaled Hosseini, also spelled Khalid Husseini, is an Afghan and American author, a special representative for the UNHCR, and a former doctor. His first book, The Kite Runner (2003), was very successful and well-received. All of his books are set in Afghanistan and feature an Afghan main character.
- [Aliyeh Ataei](https://lcdcompendium.com/aliyeh-ataei/) - Aliyeh Ataei (Dari: عالیه عطایی; born June 3, 1981) is an Iranian-Afghan novelist and screenwriter. She has written many books and short stories for several magazines, including Guernica and Michigan Quarterly Review. The main subject of her work is the literature of immigration.
- [Masculine and feminine endings](https://lcdcompendium.com/masculine-and-feminine-endings-4/) - In the study of poetry structure, a "masculine ending" describes a line that ends with a syllable that is stressed, or has strong emphasis. A "feminine ending" refers to a line that ends with a syllable that is not stressed. These terms come from patterns in the French language.
- [Masculine and feminine endings](https://lcdcompendium.com/masculine-and-feminine-endings-3/) - In the study of poetry rhythm, called prosody, a "masculine ending" describes a line that ends with a syllable that is stressed, or pronounced with more force. A "feminine ending" is the opposite, describing a line that ends with a syllable that is unstressed, or pronounced with less force. These terms come from patterns in the French language.
- [Marginalia](https://lcdcompendium.com/marginalia/) - Marginalia, also known as apostils, are notes or marks written in the margins of books or documents. These can include scribbles, comments, annotations, critiques, doodles, drolleries, or illuminations.
- [Märchen](https://lcdcompendium.com/marchen/) - The word "Märchen" comes from the older German word "Mär," which means "news" or "tale." It is a smaller form of that word. "Märchen" or "Marchen" can also be used to refer to other things.
- [Magical realism](https://lcdcompendium.com/magical-realism-3/) - Magical realism, also called magic realism or marvellous realism, is a style of writing and art that shows the real world while also including magical or unusual events. This style mixes real events with magical ones, making it hard to tell where the real world ends and the magical begins. Magical realism is the most common term and is often used in literature, where magical or supernatural things happen in a normal or everyday setting.
- [Madrigal](https://lcdcompendium.com/madrigal/) - A madrigal is a type of secular vocal music that was popular during the Renaissance (15th–16th centuries) and early Baroque (1580–1650) periods. Some later European composers also revisited the form. The polyphonic madrigal is sung without instruments, and the number of voices ranges from two to eight, though most madrigals use three to six voices.
- [Macaronic language](https://lcdcompendium.com/macaronic-language/) - Macaronic language is a type of expression that mixes different languages, especially when bilingual puns are used or when languages are combined in the same situation instead of being separated into different parts of a text. Hybrid words are similar because they mix parts of different languages within a single word. In spoken language, code-switching happens when someone uses more than one language or dialect during the same conversation.
- [Lyrics](https://lcdcompendium.com/lyrics/) - Lyrics are the words in a song, usually made up of verses and choruses. The person who writes lyrics is called a lyricist. For long musical works like operas, the words are called a "libretto," and the person who writes them is called a "librettist." Rap songs and grime include rap lyrics, which often use different rhyming patterns and are meant to be spoken in a rhythmic way instead of being sung.
- [Lüshi(poetry)](https://lcdcompendium.com/lushipoetry/) - Lüshi (traditional Chinese: 律詩; simplified Chinese: 律诗; pinyin: lǜshī; Wade–Giles: lü-shih) is a type of Classical Chinese poetry with strict rules. It is one of the most important forms in classical Chinese poetry. A lüshi poem has eight lines, and each line contains five, six, or seven characters.
- [Lune (geometry)](https://lcdcompendium.com/lune-geometry/) - In plane geometry, a lune (from Latin luna, meaning "moon") is a shape formed by two curved lines that are parts of circles. One edge of the lune curves outward, and the other curves inward. If you connect two close points on the outward edge, the line goes outside the shape.
- [Lullaby](https://lcdcompendium.com/lullaby/) - A lullaby, also called a cradle song, is a gentle song or piece of music that is often played for or sung to children. Adults may also use similar music to help them sleep. Lullabies serve many purposes.
- [Low comedy](https://lcdcompendium.com/low-comedy/) - Low comedy, also known as lowbrow humor, is a type of comedy that is a popular form of entertainment. Its main goal is to make people laugh through actions like bragging, loud jokes, drunken behavior, scolding, fighting, acting silly, and other noisy or wild activities. This type of comedy often includes "horseplay," which is playful but rough behavior, as well as slapstick or farce.
- [Lost Generation](https://lcdcompendium.com/lost-generation/) - The Lost Generation refers to a group of people who became adults in the years before or during World War I and were followed by the Greatest Generation. This group includes people born between 1883 and 1900. They grew up during the 1900s or 1910s and were the first generation to reach adulthood in the 20th century.
- [Loose sentence](https://lcdcompendium.com/loose-sentence/) - A loose sentence, also called a cumulative sentence, is a sentence where the main idea, called the independent clause, is explained by adding more parts that describe it.
- [Long poem](https://lcdcompendium.com/long-poem/) - The long poem is a type of literary work that includes poetry with a great length. The definition of a long poem is not clearly defined but includes some of the most important poems ever written. The Epic of Manas is the longest epic poem in the world, with over 500,000 lines.
- [Logos](https://lcdcompendium.com/logos/) - Logos (UK: /ˈl oʊ ɡ ɒ s, ˈl ɒ ɡ ɒ s/, US: /ˈl oʊ ɡ oʊ s/; Ancient Greek: λόγος, romanized: lógos, meaning "word, discourse, or reason") is a term used in Western philosophy, psychology, rhetoric, and religion, especially Christianity. It most broadly means reason, logic, order, or understanding. It also refers to a logical way of speaking or writing that uses inductive and deductive reasoning.
- [Cognitive dissonance](https://lcdcompendium.com/cognitive-dissonance-2/) - In psychology, cognitive dissonance is a mental conflict that happens when people hold ideas, beliefs, or actions that do not match. When people face situations that show these differences, they often feel uncomfortable and try to change their thoughts or actions to reduce the conflict. This can happen by changing a belief, explaining away the problem, or acting in ways that make the conflict feel smaller.
- [List of fallacies](https://lcdcompendium.com/list-of-fallacies/) - A fallacy is when someone uses wrong or bad reasoning to support an argument. Fallacies can appear in any type of communication between people. Fallacies are hard to group into categories because there are so many different kinds.
- [Greek prosody](https://lcdcompendium.com/greek-prosody/) - Prosody is the study and use of how poems are structured. The word comes from the Greek term for "song sung to music" and "pronunciation of syllable." It also has roots in Latin and French, but its main meaning relates to the way words are arranged in poetry.
- [Liturgical drama](https://lcdcompendium.com/liturgical-drama/) - Liturgical drama is a type of medieval performance that uses stories from the Bible or tales about Christian saints. The term is no longer commonly used by most researchers today. It was widely shared by famous theater historians such as Heinrich Alt (Theater und Kirche, 1846), E.K.
- [Litotes](https://lcdcompendium.com/litotes/) - Litotes is a type of figure of speech that uses negative words to highlight a positive idea. In spoken language, the way someone says a phrase, such as "not bad," can change its meaning. For example, it might mean "average" or "very good" depending on how it is said.
- [Literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/literature/) - Literature refers to any group of written works. It is also used to describe writings that are considered an art form, such as novels, plays, and poems. Literature includes both printed and digital writing.
- [Literary theory](https://lcdcompendium.com/literary-theory/) - Literary theory is the organized study of literature and the methods used to analyze it. Since the 19th century, literary scholarship has included literary theory along with topics like intellectual history, moral philosophy, social philosophy, and interdisciplinary themes that help people understand meaning. In modern academia, the humanities use this type of literary scholarship, which comes from post-structuralism.
- [Literary realism](https://lcdcompendium.com/literary-realism/) - Literary realism is a type of literature that focuses on showing everyday life and common experiences in an accurate and simple way. It avoids unusual or exciting topics, exaggerated descriptions, and imaginary or supernatural events. This style includes both fiction, such as realistic fiction, and nonfiction writing.
- [Fauvism](https://lcdcompendium.com/fauvism/) - Fauvism ( / f oʊ v ɪ z əm / FOH -viz-əm ) is a type of painting and an art movement that began in France at the start of the 20th century. It was the style of a group of artists called les Fauves (French pronunciation: [le fov], meaning "the wild beasts"). These artists focused on how paint was applied and used bold colors instead of realistic details, which was different from the Impressionist style.
- [Literary device](https://lcdcompendium.com/literary-device-2/) - A literary device, literary technique, figure of speech, rhetorical device, stylistic device, or trope is an intentional method used by writers or speakers to achieve a specific goal. This goal may include helping the audience focus, guiding their attention, making language or ideas easier to remember, or causing a particular feeling, thought, or reaction. The many names for this concept may have slightly different meanings when used by experts.
- [List of literary movements](https://lcdcompendium.com/list-of-literary-movements/) - Literary movements help organize literature into groups that share similar ideas, themes, or styles, rather than grouping by type or time period. These movements give people words to compare and talk about different books and stories. These terms are useful for school lessons or collections of writings.
- [Literary criticism](https://lcdcompendium.com/literary-criticism/) - Literary criticism is a type of study that involves analyzing, evaluating, and explaining literature. Modern literary criticism is often shaped by literary theory, which examines the purpose and methods of literature. Even though these two areas are similar, people who study literature are not always theorists.
- [Ballad](https://lcdcompendium.com/ballad-2/) - A ballad is a type of poem or song that tells a story. It was especially common in England, Ireland, and Scotland from the Late Middle Ages until the 19th century. Ballads were also found in many parts of Europe and later in Australia, North Africa, North America, and South America.
- [Sonnet](https://lcdcompendium.com/sonnet-2/) - A sonnet is a type of poem with a set structure that usually has fourteen lines and follows a specific pattern of rhymes. The word "sonnet" comes from the Italian word "sonetto," which means "little song" and is based on the Latin word "sonus," meaning "sound." The sonnet began in 13th-century Sicily and later became popular in many European countries. At first, it was often used to write about romantic love, but over time, it could be used to write about any topic.
- [List of closed pairs of English rhyming words](https://lcdcompendium.com/list-of-closed-pairs-of-english-rhyming-words/) - This page contains a list of closed pairs of English rhyming words. Each pair includes two words that rhyme with each other and no other words.
- [Lightstreet, Pennsylvania](https://lcdcompendium.com/lightstreet-pennsylvania/) - Lightstreet is a census-designated place (CDP) in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located in Northeastern Pennsylvania. According to the 2020 census, the population of Lightstreet was 1,098.
- [Light rhyme](https://lcdcompendium.com/light-rhyme/) - Light rhyme refers to a type of rhyme where the final syllable of one word is stressed, while the final syllable of the paired word is unstressed. This kind of rhyme is sometimes called a wrenched rhyme because the pronunciation of the unstressed syllable is adjusted to match the stressed syllable of its partner, as in the example "eternity/free." Light rhymes are often used in music, where the final syllable of a word is emphasized in a way that feels unnatural.
- [Light poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/light-poetry/) - Light poetry, also called light verse, is a type of poetry that aims to be funny. These poems are usually short and can cover either trivial or important topics. They often use wordplay, such as puns, creative rhyming, and a lot of alliteration.
- [Grammatical gender](https://lcdcompendium.com/grammatical-gender/) - In linguistics, a grammatical gender system is a type of noun class system. In this system, nouns are placed into groups called genders. These groups are not always based on the real-world traits of the things the nouns represent.
- [Leonine verse](https://lcdcompendium.com/leonine-verse/) - Leonine verse is a type of poetry style that uses an internal rhyme. This means a word in one part of a line rhymes with a word at the end of the line. It was often used in Latin poetry during the European Middle Ages.
- [Legend](https://lcdcompendium.com/legend/) - A legend is a type of folklore. It tells stories about people and events believed to have happened in history. These stories often show human values and have details that make them seem real.
- [Laureate](https://lcdcompendium.com/laureate/) - Laureate means "crowned with laurel," which refers to someone who has achieved great success or is connected to literary awards or military honors. The term is used to describe people who have received the Nobel Prize, the Gandhi Peace Award, the Student Peace Prize, famous poets, and former music directors of orchestras who still work with them in some way.
- [Lament](https://lcdcompendium.com/lament/) - A lament is a strong expression of sadness, often found in music, poetry, or songs. This sadness usually comes from feelings of regret or from grieving the loss of someone or something. People may also express laments through spoken words, sharing their sorrow about something they regret or someone they have lost.
- [Lake Poets](https://lcdcompendium.com/lake-poets-2/) - The Lake Poets is a group called for a collection of English poets who lived in the Lake District of North West England during the early 1800s. As a group, they did not all share the same ideas or writing styles. The Edinburgh Review gave them a name, but it also criticized them harshly.
- [Künstlerroman](https://lcdcompendium.com/kunstlerroman/) - A Künstlerroman (German pronunciation: [ˈkʏnstlɐ.ʁoˌmaːn]; plural: Künstlerromane) is a story about an artist's journey to becoming an adult. It is a type of Bildungsroman, which is a coming-of-age novel. At its simplest, a Künstlerroman describes how the main character grows into an artist.
- [Kireji](https://lcdcompendium.com/kireji/) - Kireji (切れ字; lit. "cutting word") are a special type of word used in certain kinds of traditional Japanese poetry. They are required in traditional haiku and in the hokku, or opening verse, of classical renga and its related form, renku (haikai no renga).
- [The King's English](https://lcdcompendium.com/the-kings-english/) - The King's English is a book about how to use English correctly, including grammar and style. It was written by Henry Watson Fowler and Francis George Fowler and published in 1906. This book came out twenty years before Modern English Usage, which was written by Henry Fowler alone after Francis died in 1918.
- [Kigo, Uganda](https://lcdcompendium.com/kigo-uganda/) - Kigo is a neighborhood located in the town of Ssabagabo in Uganda. The name Kigo also refers to Kigo Hill, which is part of the neighborhood.
- [Kenning](https://lcdcompendium.com/kenning/) - A kenning is a type of figure of speech. It is a creative phrase that combines words to replace a simple noun. For example, the Old English kenning "whale's road" (hrón ráð) means "sea," as does "swan's road" (swanráð).
- [Franz Kafka](https://lcdcompendium.com/franz-kafka/) - Franz Kafka (3 July 1883 – 3 June 1924) was a Jewish Czech writer and novelist who wrote in German. He was born in Prague, which was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Many people consider him an important figure in 20th-century literature.
- [Juncture](https://lcdcompendium.com/juncture/) - Juncture, in linguistics, refers to the way sounds change when moving from one syllable to the next during speech. A key type of juncture is a clue that helps listeners tell apart two groups of sounds that are the same but have different meanings.
- [Jueju](https://lcdcompendium.com/jueju/) - Jueju (traditional Chinese: 絶句; simplified Chinese: 绝句; pinyin: juéjù), also known as a Chinese quatrain, is a type of classical Chinese poetry that became popular during the Tang dynasty (618–907). It has roots in older forms of poetry but was widely used during this period. Jueju poems always have four lines, or two pairs of rhyming lines, with each line containing either five or seven syllables.
- [Clitoris](https://lcdcompendium.com/clitoris/) - In amniotes, the clitoris (pronounced /ˈk l ɪ t ər ɪ s/ KLIT-ər-iss or /k l ɪ ˈ t ɔːr ɪ s/ klih-TOR-iss; plural: clitorises or clitorides) is a female sex organ. In humans, it is the most sensitive part of the vulva and is the main source of sexual pleasure for females. The clitoris is a complex structure, and its size and sensitivity can vary.
- [Regulated verse](https://lcdcompendium.com/regulated-verse/) - Regulated verse, also called Jintishi (traditional Chinese: 近體詩; simplified Chinese: 近体诗; pinyin: jìntǐshī; Wade–Giles: chin-t'i shih; meaning "modern-form poetry"), is a type of Classical Chinese poetry. It is one of the most important forms in Classical Chinese poetry. Although often linked to the Tang dynasty, its origins are connected to Shen Yue (441–513), who developed a theory called "four tones and eight defects" about sound patterns in poetry.
- [Jacobean era](https://lcdcompendium.com/jacobean-era/) - The Jacobean era was a time in English and Scottish history that happened during the rule of James VI of Scotland. In 1603, James VI also became the king of England, known as James I. The Jacobean era came after the Elizabethan era and was followed by the Caroline era.
- [Irony](https://lcdcompendium.com/irony-2/) - Irony is a contrast between what seems to be true on the surface and what is actually true or expected. It began as a way of speaking and writing in ancient Greece, where it described a character in a play who acted as if they were less smart than they really were to trick others. Over time, the meaning of irony changed.
- [Intertextuality](https://lcdcompendium.com/intertextuality/) - Intertextuality is how the meaning of a text is influenced by another text. This can happen through intentional methods used by writers, such as quoting, alluding to, translating, or imitating other works. It can also occur when readers notice connections between similar or related texts.
- [Aesthetic interpretation](https://lcdcompendium.com/aesthetic-interpretation/) - In the study of art, an interpretation is a way to explain the meaning of a work of art. An aesthetic interpretation describes how a piece of art makes someone feel or what it makes them think about. This type of understanding is often used when talking about poems or stories, but it can also be used for paintings, sculptures, or performances.
- [Internal rhyme](https://lcdcompendium.com/internal-rhyme/) - In poetry, internal rhyme, also called middle rhyme, is when words that rhyme appear within the same line of a poem or between parts of different lines. End rhyme happens when the last words of lines rhyme. Internal rhyme patterns can be shown using commas or spaces.
- [Innuendo](https://lcdcompendium.com/innuendo/) - An innuendo is a hint or suggestion about a person or thing, often in a negative or rude way. It is a statement or question that indirectly implies something bad, usually without directly saying it. The goal is often to insult or accuse someone, even though the words themselves may not seem harmful.
- [In medias res](https://lcdcompendium.com/in-medias-res/) - A narrative that begins in medias res (which means "into the middle of things") starts in the middle of the story, not at the beginning. This approach skips explaining details right away, instead revealing them slowly through conversations, memories, or descriptions of past events. For example, the play Hamlet begins after the death of Hamlet’s father, which is later shown to be a murder.
- [Inference](https://lcdcompendium.com/inference/) - Inferences are steps in logical reasoning that lead from starting points to conclusions. Inference is usually divided into two types: deduction and induction. This idea has been around since at least the time of Aristotle in the 300s BC.
- [Indeterminacy (philosophy)](https://lcdcompendium.com/indeterminacy-philosophy/) - Indeterminacy, in philosophy, refers to uncertainty found in science and math, as well as uncertainty that comes from how words or ideas are defined. This concept is connected to deconstructionism and to Friedrich Nietzsche's critique of Immanuel Kant's idea of the noumenon, which is the belief that things exist beyond what humans can directly understand.
- [Incipit](https://lcdcompendium.com/incipit/) - The incipit (pronounced IN-sip-it) of a text is the first few words used to identify it. In music, an incipit is the first few notes of a composition, serving the same purpose. The word "incipit" comes from Latin and means "it begins." The part at the end of a text is called the explicit, which in Latin means "it has been unfolded." This term refers to a papyrus scroll.
- [Imagism](https://lcdcompendium.com/imagism/) - Imagism was a poetry movement that began in the early 1900s. It focused on using clear, strong images and simple, direct language. It is seen as the first organized modernist literary movement in English.
- [Imagery](https://lcdcompendium.com/imagery/) - Imagery is a literary technique that uses descriptive language to appeal to the senses. Also known as enargia, it uses figurative language to create pictures or feelings in the mind of the reader or listener. In stories, imagery helps show the tone, mood, and other parts of the narrative.
- [Idyll](https://lcdcompendium.com/idyll/) - An idyll (pronounced /ˈaɪdɪl/ in the US and /ˈɪdɪl/ in the UK; from the Greek word eidullion, meaning "short poem") is a short poem that describes simple country life. It is written in the style of Theocritus's short poems about the countryside, called the Idylls (Εἰδύλλια). Unlike Homer, who wrote about heroes and battles, Theocritus focused on everyday scenes in a small, close-knit world.
- [Idiom](https://lcdcompendium.com/idiom/) - An idiom is a phrase or expression that has a meaning that is not literal. Instead of using words in their usual way, idioms use them to express ideas in a special or different way. These expressions are considered formulaic language, which means their overall meaning is not the same as the meanings of the individual words used.
- [Iambic pentameter](https://lcdcompendium.com/iambic-pentameter/) - Iambic pentameter is a rhythmic pattern used in traditional English poetry and plays. It describes the beat or meter created by the words in each line. Meter is measured in small groups of syllables called feet.
- [Hypotaxis](https://lcdcompendium.com/hypotaxis/) - Hypotaxis refers to the way parts of a sentence are arranged when some parts are more important than others. This term comes from Greek, where "hypo-" means "beneath" and "taxis" means "arrangement." One example of hypotaxis is when one part of a sentence depends on another part in a complex sentence. For instance, a clause might describe or explain another part of the sentence.
- [Metre (poetry)](https://lcdcompendium.com/metre-poetry/) - In poetry, metre (Commonwealth spelling) or meter (American spelling) refers to the basic rhythm pattern of a line or lines in a poem. Many traditional poetry styles require a specific metre or a set of metres that follow a particular order. The study and use of metres and poetry forms are called prosody.
- [Hyperbaton](https://lcdcompendium.com/hyperbaton/) - Hyperbaton is a figure of speech where a phrase is disrupted by inserting other words between its parts. In modern times, the term is also used to describe changing the usual word order in a sentence. This is also called anastrophe.
- [Hypallage](https://lcdcompendium.com/hypallage/) - Hypallage (pronounced /h aɪ ˈ p æ l ə dʒ iː /; from the Greek: ὑπαλλαγή, hypallagḗ, meaning "interchange, exchange") is a figure of speech where the way two words are connected in a sentence is changed. More often, a word that usually describes one thing is instead connected to a different word in the sentence. This type of hypallage, which often gives human-like qualities to something that is not alive or not a person, is also called a transferred epithet.
- [Hymnal](https://lcdcompendium.com/hymnal/) - A hymnal or hymnary is a book that contains hymns, which are songs used in religious services. These books are called hymnbooks or hymn books. They are used when a group of people sing together during church services.
- [Hymn](https://lcdcompendium.com/hymn/) - A hymn is a type of song that is similar to a devotional song. It is written for worship or prayer and is usually directed toward a god or goddess, or a respected person or idea. The word "hymn" comes from the Greek word "hymnos," which means "a song of praise." A person who writes hymns is called a hymnist.
- [Humorism](https://lcdcompendium.com/humorism/) - Humorism, also called the humoral theory, was a medical idea that explained how the human body was made and how it worked. This theory was used by doctors and thinkers in Ancient Greece and Rome. Humorism became less popular in the 17th century and was finally shown to be incorrect when scientists discovered microbes.
- [Humour](https://lcdcompendium.com/humour/) - Humour (used in Commonwealth countries) or humor (used in American English) refers to the way experiences can cause laughter and amusement. The word comes from the idea of humoral medicine in ancient Greece, which believed that the balance of body fluids, called "humours" (Latin: humor, meaning "body fluid"), affected health and emotions. People of all ages and cultures enjoy humour.
- [Hudibrastic](https://lcdcompendium.com/hudibrastic/) - Hudibrastic is a type of English verse. It is named after Samuel Butler's poem "Hudibras," which was published in parts between 1663 and 1678. For this poem, Butler created a mock-heroic verse structure.
- [Hubris](https://lcdcompendium.com/hubris/) - Hubris (pronounced /ˈhjuːbrɪs/; from Ancient Greek ὕβρις (húbris) meaning "pride, insolence, outrage") or sometimes spelled hybris (pronounced /ˈhaɪbrɪs/), refers to very high pride or overconfidence that can be risky. It is often linked to arrogance, which is an exaggerated belief in one's own importance or abilities. Hubris, arrogance, and pretension are connected to a strong desire to win or succeed, even if it does not always lead to victory.
- [Hover (behaviour)](https://lcdcompendium.com/hover-behaviour/) - Hovering is a skill used by some animals with wings to stay mostly still in the air. This is often done by making quick downward movements with their wings to create upward force. At times, hovering is achieved by flapping or gliding against the wind; this method is known as "wind hovering," "windhovering," or "kiting."
- [Odes(Horace)](https://lcdcompendium.com/odeshorace/) - The Odes (Latin: Carmina) are a group of four books containing Latin lyric poems written by Horace. Other poets have copied Horace's style of writing odes since his time. Books 1 to 3 were published in 23 BC.
- [Homily](https://lcdcompendium.com/homily/) - A homily is a type of explanation given after a Bible reading. It provides a public explanation of religious teachings or sacred texts. The writings of Origen and John Chrysostom, especially the Paschal Homily, are examples of well-known Christian homilies.
- [Epithets in Homer](https://lcdcompendium.com/epithets-in-homer/) - A feature of Homer’s writing style is the use of epithets, such as "rosy-fingered" for Dawn or "swift-footed" for Achilles. Epithets are used because of the rules of dactylic hexameter, which requires having ready phrases that fit the meter, and because the poems were passed down orally. These phrases help both the storyteller and listeners remember the story.
- [Holography](https://lcdcompendium.com/holography/) - Holography is a method that records a wavefront and later recreates it. It is most commonly used to create three-dimensional images and has other uses, such as storing data, examining tiny objects (microscopy), and measuring tiny changes (interferometry). In theory, it is possible to make a hologram for any type of wave.
- [Hokku](https://lcdcompendium.com/hokku/) - Hokku is the first part of a traditional Japanese poem called renga. Later, it became part of another type of poem called renku, which is a form of haikai no renga. During the time of Matsuo Bashō, who lived from 1644 to 1694, hokku began to be written as a separate poem on its own.
- [History (theatrical genre)](https://lcdcompendium.com/history-theatrical-genre/) - History is one of the three main types of plays in Western theatre. These types are tragedy, comedy, and history. History plays are often seen as part of tragedy because they appeared much later than the other two genres.
- [Historical present](https://lcdcompendium.com/historical-present/) - In the study of language and persuasive speaking, the historical present, also known as the dramatic present or narrative present, is a method of using the present tense to describe events that happened in the past. This technique is sometimes referred to as the "literary present tense." It helps make the story feel more exciting or important by making events seem as if they are happening now, and by drawing attention to specific parts of the story.
- [Historical linguistics](https://lcdcompendium.com/historical-linguistics/) - Historical linguistics, also called diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of how languages change over time. It aims to understand why languages change and how they have evolved over time. This field includes several important areas of study, such as rebuilding the languages that came before modern ones, grouping languages into families by comparing them (called comparative linguistics), and examining how culture and society influence language development.
- [Historical fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/historical-fiction-2/) - Historical fiction is a type of story in which a made-up plot happens during real historical events. While the term is often used to describe books, it can also apply to other forms of storytelling, such as plays, movies, video games, and graphic novels. A key part of historical fiction is that it takes place in the past and includes details about the customs, social life, and other aspects of the time period it describes.
- [Historical criticism](https://lcdcompendium.com/historical-criticism/) - Historical criticism, also called the historical-critical method, is a way of studying ancient texts to learn about the time and place in which they were written. It focuses on understanding "the world behind the text" and delays judging whether the text is true or important until after it has been carefully interpreted. This method is often used to study religious texts like those from Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, but it is also applied to other writings from different cultures and time periods.
- [High comedy](https://lcdcompendium.com/high-comedy/) - High comedy is a type of comedy that uses cleverness and complex ideas. It often includes funny and clever conversations, humor that points out problems in society, wordplay, characters that act like real people, detailed stories, and topics that make people think. Characters in high comedy are usually from wealthy or important social groups.
- [Hexameter](https://lcdcompendium.com/hexameter/) - Hexameter is a type of poetic line made up of six feet. A "foot" is a unit that includes syllables and accents in poetry. In Greek and Latin, a foot refers to patterns of syllables, not accents.
- [Quatrain](https://lcdcompendium.com/quatrain-2/) - A quatrain is a type of stanza, or a complete poem, made up of four lines. This form of poetry has been used in many ancient cultures, such as Persia, Ancient India, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, and China. It is still used today in poems written in many languages.
- [Quatrain](https://lcdcompendium.com/quatrain/) - A quatrain is a type of stanza, or a complete poem, made up of four lines. Quatrains can be found in many forms and have been used in poems from the poetic traditions of ancient civilizations such as Persia, Ancient India, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, and China. They are still used today in poems written in many languages.
- [Heroic drama](https://lcdcompendium.com/heroic-drama/) - Heroic drama is a type of play that was popular during the Restoration era in England. It is known for both its use of verse and its subject matter. This type of drama developed through several plays in the 1660s.
- [Heroic couplet](https://lcdcompendium.com/heroic-couplet/) - A heroic couplet is a common style of English poetry, often used in long stories or poems. It consists of two rhyming lines that follow a rhythm called iambic pentameter. This form was first used by Geoffrey Chaucer in his works The Legend of Good Women and The Canterbury Tales.
- [The Heresy of Paraphrase](https://lcdcompendium.com/the-heresy-of-paraphrase/) - "The Heresy of Paraphrase" is the name of an idea that says it is difficult to explain a poem in different words because doing so changes the poem's structure, which is a key part of its meaning. The name comes from a chapter with the same title in Cleanth Brooks's book The Well-Written Urn. Some critics argue whether the way a poem sounds and its structure can be explained in different words, but they all agree that the exact beauty of a poem cannot be fully shown through paraphrase or translation.
- [Heptameter](https://lcdcompendium.com/heptameter/) - Heptameter is a type of meter in which each line of poetry has seven metrical feet. It was often used in ancient poetry rules. In English, this meter was commonly found in storytelling poems starting with the Romantics.
- [Hendiatris](https://lcdcompendium.com/hendiatris/) - Hendiatris ( / h ɛ n ˈ d aɪ . ə t r ɪ s / hen- DY -ət-riss ; from Ancient Greek ἓν διὰ τρία ( hèn dià tría ) ' one through three ' ) is a type of speech used to highlight an idea. It uses three words to describe one main thought.
- [Hendiadys](https://lcdcompendium.com/hendiadys-2/) - Hendiadys ( / h ɛ n ˈ d aɪ . ə d ɪ s / ) is a type of speech used to highlight an idea. It works by replacing a relationship between two ideas with a simple word like "and." Instead of one idea affecting another, two separate ideas are joined together using "and." In English, this is sometimes called "two for one" or "figure of twins." The term comes from Greek: "hen dia duoin," which means "one through two." In English, other forms like "hendiaduo" and "hendiaduous" have been used rarely.
- [Hendecasyllable](https://lcdcompendium.com/hendecasyllable-2/) - In poetry, a hendecasyllable (or hendecasyllabic) is a line that has eleven syllables. This term can describe different types of poetic meters. Some older meters are based on the length of sounds and were mainly used in ancient Greek and Latin poetry.
- [Hendecasyllable](https://lcdcompendium.com/hendecasyllable/) - In poetry, a hendecasyllable is a line that has eleven syllables. The term can describe different types of poetic meters. One type, called quantitative, was used mainly in classical poetry from Ancient Greece and Latin.
- [Hemistich](https://lcdcompendium.com/hemistich/) - A hemistich is half of a line in a poem, with a pause before and after it that creates a complete unit of rhythm or verse. In Greek and Latin plays, hemistichs were often used, especially in tragedies where characters spoke in short, quick lines to show excitement or urgency. In the Roman poem The Aeneid, the poet Virgil used hemistichs to show when characters were too upset or hurt to speak in full lines.
- [Oranges and Lemons](https://lcdcompendium.com/oranges-and-lemons/) - "Oranges and Lemons" is a traditional English nursery rhyme, folk song, and singing game that mentions the bells of several churches located in or near the City of London. It is included in the Roud Folk Song Index as number 13190. The earliest printed version of the rhyme appeared around 1744.
- [Hamartia](https://lcdcompendium.com/hamartia/) - The word hamartia comes from the Greek word ἁμαρτία, which means "to miss the mark" or "to make a mistake." It is most often connected to Greek tragedies, though it is also used in Christian theology. The term is sometimes used to describe the weaknesses or mistakes of a character, showing these as the cause of their downfall. However, some experts argue that the term refers only to a tragic accident or mistake that happens by chance, leading to serious consequences without blaming the character.
- [Perfect and imperfect rhymes](https://lcdcompendium.com/perfect-and-imperfect-rhymes/) - Perfect rhyme (also called full rhyme, exact rhyme, or true rhyme) is a type of rhyme where two words or phrases have the same ending sound. This rhyme must follow two rules: Word pairs that follow the first rule but not the second (such as "leave" and "believe") are called identities (also known as identical rhymes or identicals). Homophones, which are words with different meanings but the same pronunciation, are an example of identical rhymes.
- [Haiku](https://lcdcompendium.com/haiku/) - Haiku is a type of short poetry that began in Japan. Traditional haiku in Japan have three parts with 17 syllables, following a 5-7-5 pattern. These poems often include a "cutting word," which separates ideas, and a "seasonal reference," which connects the poem to a time of year.
- [Hagiography](https://lcdcompendium.com/hagiography/) - A hagiography is a type of biography that tells the life story of a saint, religious leader, or important figure in a religion. The word comes from the Greek words "hágios," meaning "holy," and "graphía," meaning "writing." These writings often describe the person's good deeds, miracles, or how they suffered for their beliefs, especially if they were a martyr. Some hagiographies include all of these details together.
- [Gushi(poetry)](https://lcdcompendium.com/gushipoetry/) - Gushi (traditional Chinese: 古詩; simplified Chinese: 古诗; pinyin: gǔshī; Wade–Giles: ku-shih) is a major type of poetry in Classical Chinese poetry. The term means "old poetry" or "old style poetry." It is a specific term used to describe certain poems that were important examples in history and later poems written in the same style.
- [Grub Street](https://lcdcompendium.com/grub-street/) - Grub Street, later known as Milton Street, was a street in the Cripplegate Without suburb, just north of London's defensive wall. It ran from Fore Street, east of St Giles-without-Cripplegate, north to Chiswell Street. The street was later renamed Milton Street.
- [Greek tragedy](https://lcdcompendium.com/greek-tragedy/) - Greek tragedy (Ancient Greek: τραγῳδία, written in the Roman alphabet as tragōidía) is one of three main types of theater from Ancient Greece and parts of Anatolia, along with comedy and the satyr play. It became most important in Athens during the 5th century BC, and these works are sometimes called Attic tragedy. Greek tragedy is thought to have developed from ancient religious ceremonies honoring Dionysus, the god of wine and theater.
- [Greek chorus](https://lcdcompendium.com/greek-chorus/) - A Greek chorus, also called "chorós" in Ancient Greek, was a group of performers in ancient Greek plays. They would speak together as a group to comment on what was happening in the scene or explain events that happened before the play started. The chorus usually had between 12 and 50 members.
- [Grand Guignol](https://lcdcompendium.com/grand-guignol/) - The Théâtre du Grand-Guignol was a theater located in the Pigalle district of Paris at 7, cité Chaptal. It opened in 1897 and closed in 1962. During this time, it focused on horror shows.
- [Gothic fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/gothic-fiction-4/) - Gothic fiction, sometimes called Gothic horror mainly in the 20th century, is a style of writing that focuses on fear and eerie, haunted settings. The name of this genre comes from the Renaissance period, when the word "Gothic" was used as a negative term to describe something medieval or uncivilized. This term originally came from Gothic architecture and the Goths, an ancient group of people.
- [Gonzo journalism](https://lcdcompendium.com/gonzo-journalism/) - Gonzo journalism is a type of writing that does not claim to be fair or neutral. Instead, it often includes the reporter as part of the story, using a first-person point of view. The term "gonzo" is thought to have been first used in 1970 to describe an article about the Kentucky Derby by Hunter S.
- [Culteranismo](https://lcdcompendium.com/culteranismo-2/) - Culteranismo is a style of writing from the Baroque period in Spanish history. It is also called Gongorismo, named after Luis de Góngora, who started the movement in the late 1500s. It continued into the 1600s.
- [Goliards](https://lcdcompendium.com/goliards/) - The goliards were a group of young clergy members in Europe during the 12th and 13th centuries who wrote humorous and critical Latin poetry. Most of them were priests or students who worked at or studied at universities in France, Germany, Spain, Italy, and England. They expressed their dissatisfaction with the church's problems through songs, poems, and performances.
- [Golden line](https://lcdcompendium.com/golden-line/) - The golden line is a type of Latin dactylic hexameter. It is often discussed in Latin classrooms and in modern studies of Latin poetry. However, it seems that the golden line first began as a poetry writing activity in schools during early modern Britain.
- [Gnomic poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/gnomic-poetry/) - Gnomic poetry uses short, meaningful sayings in verse form to help people remember important ideas. The Greeks called these sayings "gnomes," a term from the Greek word γνωμικός, meaning "related to an opinion or saying." In the 16th century, Henry Peacham described a gnome as a statement about how people behave and what is right or wrong to do in daily life, expressed in a clear and concise way. This type of poetry is part of a larger group of writings known as wisdom literature, which shares general truths about the world.
- [Gothic double](https://lcdcompendium.com/gothic-double/) - The Gothic double is a literary theme that shows a character with two sides or a split personality. This idea is connected to the Doppelgänger, a term first used in the 1796 novel Siebenkäs by Johann Paul Richter. The double figure became popular in Gothic literature in the late 1700s because of a growing interest in myths and folklore.
- [Gloss (annotation)](https://lcdcompendium.com/gloss-annotation/) - A gloss is a short note that explains the meaning of a word or phrase in a text. This note may appear in the same language as the text or in the reader's language if they are different. A group of glosses is called a glossary.
- [Gesta](https://lcdcompendium.com/gesta/) - Gesta is a Latin word that means "deeds" or "acts." Many Latin titles, especially those of medieval historical records, begin with this word. Because of this, Gesta is also a general term used to describe medieval biographies.
- [Georgian Poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/georgian-poetry/) - Georgian Poetry is a collection of books that display the work of a group of English poets who became popular during the early years of King George V's rule in the United Kingdom. By a strict definition, the Georgian poets are those whose poems were included in five books called Georgian Poetry. These books were published by Harold Monro's Poetry Bookshop in London and edited by Edward Marsh.
- [The Gathering (band)](https://lcdcompendium.com/the-gathering-band/) - The Gathering is a Dutch rock band that was formed in Oss, North Brabant, in 1989. The band's current members include founding brothers René Rutten (guitar) and Hans Rutten (drums), as well as Hugo Prinsen Geerligs (bass) and Frank Boeijen (keyboards). Anneke van Giersbergen, the former lead singer, is now a touring member.
- [Dark humor](https://lcdcompendium.com/dark-humor/) - Dark humor is a type of comedy that uses funny situations to talk about topics that are usually not discussed openly, especially those that are serious or painful. It aims to make people feel uncomfortable, think deeply, and laugh at the same time. Dark humor is different from blue comedy, which focuses on topics like nudity, sex, and body fluids, and from obscenity.
- [Fustian](https://lcdcompendium.com/fustian/) - The fabric was known as fustaneum or fustanum in Late Latin and as pannus fustāneus or tela fustānea in Medieval Latin. It may have been named after the Egyptian city of Fustat near Cairo, which produced this material. This fabric includes plain twilled cloth called jean and cut fabrics similar to velvet, such as velveteen, moleskin, and corduroy.
- [French verb morphology](https://lcdcompendium.com/french-verb-morphology/) - In French, verbs change their form to show mood, tense, and to match the subject in person and number. Like in Latin grammar, all the different forms of a French verb are called its conjugation.
- [Fourteener](https://lcdcompendium.com/fourteener/) - In the language of mountaineering in the Western United States, a fourteener (also called 14er) is a mountain peak that reaches at least 14,000 feet (4,267 meters) in height. There are 96 fourteeners in the United States, and all of them are located west of the Mississippi River. Colorado has 53 fourteeners, which is the highest number of any single state.
- [Form (document)](https://lcdcompendium.com/form-document/) - A form is a paper document that has empty spaces, called fields or placeholders, where people can write or choose an option. Forms can be given to many people at the same time or made available when needed. Before being filled out, all copies of a form are usually the same, except for a serial number, which may be different.
- [Folklore](https://lcdcompendium.com/folklore/) - Folklore is the collection of traditions and practices shared by a specific group of people, culture, or subculture. This includes stories, legends, sayings, poems, and jokes passed down through speaking. It also includes physical items, like the way buildings are made by the group.
- [Folio](https://lcdcompendium.com/folio/) - The word "folio" comes from the Latin word "folium," which means "leaf." In the world of books and printing, "folio" has three related but different meanings. First, it refers to a way of making books by folding a single sheet of paper once, creating a book made this way. Second, it is a general term for a sheet, leaf, or page in manuscripts and older books.
- [Character (arts)](https://lcdcompendium.com/character-arts-2/) - A character is a person or being in a story, such as a book, play, or movie. Characters can be completely made up or based on real people. The word "character" comes from an ancient Greek word and was first used in English during the Restoration period.
- [Fin de siècle](https://lcdcompendium.com/fin-de-siecle/) - "Fin de siècle" is a French term that means "end of century." It refers to the time when one century ends and another begins, similar to the English phrase "turn of the century." Without specific context, the term usually describes the end of the 19th century, a time when many people believed society was in decline but also saw hope for a new future. The "spirit" of fin de siècle describes the cultural characteristics of the 1880s and 1890s, such as feelings of boredom, distrust in others, sadness, and the belief that civilization leads to moral decline. The term "fin de siècle" is often linked to French art and artists because these cultural traits first appeared in France.
- [Hendiadys](https://lcdcompendium.com/hendiadys/) - Hendiadys is a figure of speech used to emphasize an idea. It works by using two words connected by the word "and" instead of one word that describes the other. This technique helps make a point clearer or more powerful.
- [Literary device](https://lcdcompendium.com/literary-device/) - A literary device, also called a literary technique, figure of speech, or rhetorical device, is a planned method that writers or speakers use to help achieve a goal. These goals might include helping the audience pay attention, making language or ideas easier to remember, or causing a specific emotional, thoughtful, or artistic reaction. The many names for this idea may have slightly different meanings when used by experts.
- [Literal and figurative language](https://lcdcompendium.com/literal-and-figurative-language/) - The difference between literal and figurative language is found in all natural languages. This idea is studied in specific areas like stylistics, rhetoric, and semantics. Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle and later Roman rhetorician Quintilian were among the first recorded language analysts who explained the differences between literal and figurative language.
- [Fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/fiction-2/) - Fiction is a type of creative work. It often tells stories about people, events, or places that are not real. These stories do not match real facts, history, or what is likely to happen.
- [Masculine and feminine endings](https://lcdcompendium.com/masculine-and-feminine-endings-2/) - In the study of poetry's rhythm, a "masculine ending" describes a line that ends with a syllable that is stressed, or said with more force. A "feminine ending" is the opposite, describing a line that ends with a syllable that is unstressed, or said with less force. These terms come from patterns in the French language.
- [Fantasy](https://lcdcompendium.com/fantasy-3/) - Fantasy is a type of fiction that includes magical or supernatural elements, often set in make-believe worlds and featuring imaginary beings. This genre began in books and plays. Starting in the 20th century, it grew to include movies, TV shows, graphic novels, manga, cartoons, and video games.
- [Intonation (linguistics)](https://lcdcompendium.com/intonation-linguistics/) - In linguistics, intonation refers to changes in pitch that help express a speaker's feelings, emphasize certain parts of speech, show the purpose of a sentence, or control how a conversation flows. For example, the English question "Does Maria speak Spanish or French?" is understood as a yes-or-no question when spoken with a single rising pitch, but it is understood as asking between two options when "Spanish" is said with a rising pitch and "French" with a falling pitch. While intonation mainly involves pitch changes, it often works together with other speech elements, such as loudness or rhythm.
- [Fake memoir](https://lcdcompendium.com/fake-memoir/) - A fake memoir is a type of forged book in which a completely or partly made-up story about a person's life is presented as true. Sometimes, the person who is said to have written the book is also made up. Fake memoirs often describe overcoming major problems, such as losing a loved one, facing abuse, dealing with addiction, living in poverty, or surviving gang violence.
- [Fabliau](https://lcdcompendium.com/fabliau/) - A fabliau (pronounced "fah-blee-oh") is a humorous story written in France between about 1150 and 1400. These tales were often created by storytellers and religious figures. They usually include jokes about sex and bodily functions, and they often criticize or mock the church and nobility.
- [Fable](https://lcdcompendium.com/fable/) - A fable is a short story, written in prose or verse, that includes animals, plants, objects, or natural forces. These characters are given human traits, such as the ability to speak or think. The story usually teaches a lesson, called a "moral," which may be stated clearly at the end as a short saying.
- [Eye rhyme](https://lcdcompendium.com/eye-rhyme/) - An eye rhyme, also known as a visual rhyme or a sight rhyme, is a type of rhyme where two words are spelled in a similar way but are pronounced differently. Many older English poems, especially those written in Early Modern and Middle English, include rhymes that were once true rhymes. However, modern readers may find these rhymes to be eye rhymes because the way words are pronounced has changed over time, particularly due to the Great Vowel Shift.
- [Acatalexis](https://lcdcompendium.com/acatalexis-2/) - An acatalectic line of verse is a line of poetry that has the correct number of syllables in its final part. In English poetry, this term is not often used because acatalectic lines are the usual type in most metrical forms. For example, Shakespeare’s sonnets are written in iambic pentameter, which is acatalectic by default.
- [Extended metaphor](https://lcdcompendium.com/extended-metaphor-2/) - An extended metaphor, also called a conceit or sustained metaphor, is a type of figurative language used in literature. It involves using one metaphor or comparison for a long time. Unlike a simple metaphor, an extended metaphor has more than one way the subject (called the tenor) and the comparison (called the vehicle) are connected.
- [Explication de Texte](https://lcdcompendium.com/explication-de-texte/) - Explication de Texte is a French method used to analyze literature. It focuses on the text itself rather than personal opinions, much like close reading in English literature. This method examines details such as structure, writing style, and imagery in a work.
- [Experimental literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/experimental-literature/) - Experimental literature is a type of writing that is hard to describe exactly. It challenges the usual rules of writing, such as how stories or poems are structured. For example, it may use prose or poetry but arrange the text in unusual ways on the page, different from typical paragraphs or traditional verse stanzas.
- [Exegesis](https://lcdcompendium.com/exegesis/) - Exegesis (pronounced ek-SEE-jees; from the Greek word meaning "to lead out") is a detailed explanation or interpretation of a text. It is usually used for studying religious texts, especially the Bible. Today, exegesis can also be used to analyze other types of writing, such as philosophy, literature, or other written works.
- [Exaggeration](https://lcdcompendium.com/exaggeration/) - Exaggeration is when something is described as more extreme or dramatic than it actually is, either on purpose or by accident. It is a way of speaking or a tool used in communication to strongly influence emotions or make a point clear. People often make things seem bigger or more important to get attention.
- [Euphuism](https://lcdcompendium.com/euphuism-2/) - Euphuism is a beautiful literary style that was popular for a short time during the Elizabethan era. The euphuism style used alliteration, antithesis, balance, and simile, along with references to nature and mythological stories. It was especially popular in the 1580s at the Elizabethan court.
- [Phonaesthetics](https://lcdcompendium.com/phonaesthetics/) - Phonaesthetics (sometimes spelled phonesthetics in North America) is the study of how certain sounds in words or parts of words can feel beautiful or pleasant. The term was first used in this way, possibly by J. R.
- [Eulogy](https://lcdcompendium.com/eulogy/) - A eulogy is a speech or writing that praises a person, especially someone who has recently died or retired, or as a way to show affection. Eulogies may be given during funeral services. In the United States, they often happen at a funeral home during or after a wake, which is a gathering before the funeral.
- [Ethos](https://lcdcompendium.com/ethos/) - Ethos is a Greek word that means "character." It describes the core beliefs or values that define a group, country, or idea, as well as the balance between being careful and being passionate. The Greeks also used the word to explain how music can affect emotions, actions, and morals. Early Greek stories about Orpheus clearly show this idea.
- [Bildungsroman](https://lcdcompendium.com/bildungsroman-4/) - In literature, a bildungsroman is a type of story that follows the personal growth and development of the main character from childhood to adulthood. The word comes from German, where "Bildung" means "education" or "growth" and "Roman" means "novel." This genre focuses on how the character learns about life, makes decisions, and changes over time.
- [Erasure (duo)](https://lcdcompendium.com/erasure-duo/) - Erasure ( / ə ˈ r eɪ ʒ ər / ə- RAY -zhər ) is an English synth-pop group from London that formed in 1985. The group consists of Andy Bell, the lead singer and songwriter, and Vince Clarke, who is also a songwriter, producer, and keyboardist. Vince Clarke was previously a member of the band Depeche Mode and the synth-pop group Yazoo.
- [Epode](https://lcdcompendium.com/epode/) - An epode is the third part of an ancient Greek choral ode. It follows the strophe and the antistrophe and finishes the sequence. The word epode is also used to describe the second, shorter line in a two-line stanza.
- [Epizeuxis](https://lcdcompendium.com/epizeuxis/) - In speech and writing, epizeuxis, also called palilogia, is the repetition of a word or phrase right after each other in the same sentence. This is done to show strong feeling or to emphasize a point. A similar technique is diacope, where a word is repeated with one or a few words in between.
- [Epithet](https://lcdcompendium.com/epithet/) - An epithet, also called a byname, is a word or phrase that describes a person, place, or thing. It often appears with or replaces a name, such as in "Alexander the Great," "Richard the Lionheart," or "Bloody Mary." These terms may directly describe a quality, like "the Short," or hint at something, like "the Unready." The word "epithet" can also refer to a word or phrase that is mean, harmful, or disrespectful. This use has been criticized by scholars like Martin Manser and H.
- [Epitaph](https://lcdcompendium.com/epitaph/) - An epitaph is a short text that honors a person who has died. The word comes from Ancient Greek, meaning "a funeral speech," and is made from two parts: "at" and "tomb." Usually, an epitaph is written on a tombstone or plaque, but it can also be used in a different way. Some epitaphs are chosen by the person before they die, while others are selected by people who arrange the burial.
- [Epistrophe](https://lcdcompendium.com/epistrophe/) - Epistrophe (Greek: ἐπιστροφή, "return") is a rhetorical device that involves repeating the same word or words at the end of phrases, clauses, or sentences. It is also called epiphora and sometimes referred to as antistrophe. It is a type of figure of speech and the opposite of anaphora, which repeats words at the beginning.
- [Epistolary novel](https://lcdcompendium.com/epistolary-novel/) - An epistolary novel is a type of story written as a series of letters between characters in the story. Sometimes, these novels also include other types of written materials, such as diary entries, newspaper clippings, or even documents like emails or blog posts. The word "epistolary" comes from the Greek word "epistolē," which means "letter." This style of writing is also called "Briefroman" in German or "epistolary fiction" in general.
- [Epistle](https://lcdcompendium.com/epistle/) - An epistle is a formal letter that is written or sent to a person or group of people. It often includes teaching or explanations. Writing letters in this style was a common part of the writing lessons in ancient Egypt's schools for scribes.
- [Episteme](https://lcdcompendium.com/episteme/) - In philosophy, the word episteme comes from Ancient Greek and means "knowledge" or "understanding." It is also spelled épistème in French. The term epistemology, which is the area of study in philosophy that looks at knowledge, comes from the word episteme.
- [Episode](https://lcdcompendium.com/episode/) - An episode is a part of a story within a larger show, movie, or documentary. These episodes are found in series that are broadcast on radio, television, or streamed online.
- [Epilogue](https://lcdcompendium.com/epilogue/) - An epilogue is a part of a story written at the end. It helps finish the story and give it a sense of completion. It is told from the perspective of the story itself.
- [Epigraph (literature)](https://lcdcompendium.com/epigraph-literature/) - In literature, an epigraph is a short phrase, quote, or poem placed at the beginning of a document, book, or chapter. It can act as an introduction, summarize the content, provide an example that contrasts with the text, or connect the work to other well-known literary pieces. This helps readers understand the context or compare the work to others.
- [Epic theatre](https://lcdcompendium.com/epic-theatre/) - Epic theatre, which is called episches Theater in German, is a type of theatre that started in the early to mid-20th century. It was created by theatre workers who wanted to make plays that reflected the political situation of their time. The name "epic theatre" does not describe how big or important the plays are, but instead refers to the way the plays are made.
- [Homeric simile](https://lcdcompendium.com/homeric-simile/) - A Homeric simile, also called an epic simile, is a long comparison that uses a simile. The word "Homeric" comes from Homer, a Greek writer who created the famous stories The Iliad and The Odyssey. Many writers still use this type of simile, though it is most often found in classic works.
- [Epic poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/epic-poetry/) - In poetry, an epic is a long story poem that usually describes the amazing actions of special characters. These characters often interact with gods or other powerful beings, helping to create the world for future generations. In oral traditions, epic poems use formal language and are often memorized exactly, unlike stories that use everyday language and are divided into "factual" or fictional categories.
- [Epanadiplosis](https://lcdcompendium.com/epanadiplosis/) - Epanadiplosis is a type of figure of speech where the same word is repeated at the end of one sentence and at the beginning of the sentence before it. This is the opposite of anadiplosis. It helps create a musical or rhythmic feel, which can be used to highlight important ideas or add humor.
- [Envoi](https://lcdcompendium.com/envoi/) - In poetry, the term "envoi" or "envoy" comes from Old French, meaning "sending forth." It was originally a stanza placed at the end of a longer poem, often including a dedication to a person who supported the poet, similar to a tornada. More recently, envoi has been used in dedicatory poems within a collection or in individual poems that express farewell or moving on. Envoi is both a type of poem and is sometimes used as a title.
- [Entr'acte](https://lcdcompendium.com/entracte/) - Entr'acte is a French term that means "between the acts." It can refer to a short break between parts of a play or musical performance, similar to an intermission. However, in English, it most often describes a piece of music played between acts of a theatrical production. Sometimes, an entr'acte is paired with a longer break, called an intermission, because both occur between acts.
- [Enjambment](https://lcdcompendium.com/enjambment/) - In poetry, enjambment (pronounced /ɪnˈdʒæmənt, ɛn-, -ˈdʒæmb-/; from the French word enjamber, meaning "to step over") is when a sentence or phrase continues from one line to the next without ending punctuation. This creates a flow of meaning that moves from one line to the next. Lines that do not use enjambment are called end-stopped because they end clearly at the line’s conclusion.
- [Sonnet](https://lcdcompendium.com/sonnet/) - A sonnet is a specific type of poem that has 14 lines and follows a specific rhyme pattern. The word "sonnet" comes from the Italian word "sonetto," which means "little song" (from the Latin word "sonus," meaning "sound"). The sonnet began in Sicily during the 13th century and was later used in many European countries.
- [Rhyme](https://lcdcompendium.com/rhyme/) - A rhyme happens when similar sounds, often the same sounds, are repeated at the end of two or more words. This is most commonly done on purpose in poems and songs to create a musical or pleasing effect in the last part of lines. Rhymes can also refer to other types of similar sounds near the ends of words.
- [Emblem book](https://lcdcompendium.com/emblem-book/) - An emblem book is a collection of symbolic pictures along with text that explains them, such as morals or poems. These books were popular in Europe during the 1500s and 1600s. Emblem books are made up of three parts: an image, a motto, and text that explains how the image and motto are related.
- [Elision](https://lcdcompendium.com/elision/) - In the study of language, called linguistics, an elision or deletion happens when one or more sounds—like a vowel, consonant, or entire syllable—are left out in a word or phrase. These terms are also used to describe situations where two words are joined by removing a sound at the end of one word. For example, in English, the final /t/ sound in the word "first" is often left out when it is followed by another consonant, as in "first light," which is sometimes spoken as "firs' light" (/fɜrs laɪt/).
- [Elegy](https://lcdcompendium.com/elegy/) - An elegy is a poem that expresses serious reflection and often mourns the death of a person. In English literature, it is most commonly associated with expressing sorrow for someone who has died. However, according to The Oxford Handbook of the Elegy, the term "elegy" is not clearly defined.
- [Electronic literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/electronic-literature/) - Electronic literature, also called digital literature, is a type of writing that uses special features of digital tools, such as interactivity, using different types of media, or computer-generated text. These works are usually read on digital devices like computers, tablets, and phones. They are hard to print or cannot be printed at all because some important parts of the work cannot be copied onto paper.
- [Ekphrasis](https://lcdcompendium.com/ekphrasis/) - Ekphrasis, which comes from the Greek words for "out" and "speech," is a method used to describe a piece of art, whether real or imagined. Since ancient times, ekphrasis has been used in poetry and also appears in many other types of writing. It helps create strong feelings in readers by using vivid language and clear details to form mental pictures.
- [Eclogue](https://lcdcompendium.com/eclogue/) - An eclogue is a type of poem written in a traditional style that focuses on rural or countryside themes. Poems in this category are sometimes referred to as bucolics. The word "eclogue" is also used to describe a type of music that aims to create the feeling of being in a pastoral setting.
- [Little Sir Echo](https://lcdcompendium.com/little-sir-echo/) - "Little Sir Echo" is a song that was first written in 1917 by John Sylvester Fearis. The words of the song were written by Laura Rountree Smith. It became popular during the 1920s and 1930s as a song used at children's camps.
- [Character (arts)](https://lcdcompendium.com/character-arts/) - A character is a person or being in a story, such as a novel, play, or film. A character can be completely made up or based on a real person. This means we can tell if a character is fictional or real.
- [Dystopia](https://lcdcompendium.com/dystopia/) - A dystopia is a fictional world or society where people live in misery, are treated as less than human, and experience fear. It is a place, sometimes ruled by a government, where life is unpleasant or harmful, often because of strict control or serious harm to the environment. Dystopia is the opposite of utopia, a term created by Thomas More in 1516 to describe a perfect society.
- [Duple and quadruple metre](https://lcdcompendium.com/duple-and-quadruple-metre/) - Duple time (also called duple metre in British spelling) is a musical rhythm defined by having two main beats in each measure. This is shown by the top number in the time signature, which is usually 2, 4, or 8 (or multiples of these numbers). For example, time signatures like 2/4, 4/4, and 6/8 are common examples of duple time.
- [Book size](https://lcdcompendium.com/book-size/) - The size of a book is usually measured by comparing the height and width of a leaf, or sometimes the height and width of its cover. Libraries and publishers use a set of terms to describe the general sizes of modern books. These include folio (the largest), quarto (smaller), and octavo (even smaller).
- [Dumbshow](https://lcdcompendium.com/dumbshow/) - Dumbshow, also called dumb show or dumb-show, is described in the Oxford Dictionary of English as "motions used to show meaning without speaking; mime." In theatre, the term refers to a dramatic scene using mime, or a specific action performed in mime within a play to summarize, add to, or comment on the main story. According to the Oxford Encyclopedia of Theatre and Performance, Michael Dobson explains that dumbshow originated as a type of story from older plays that used symbols to teach lessons. It became popular in 16th-century English drama, especially in short plays called interludes that featured characters representing abstract ideas like virtues and vices.
- [Droll](https://lcdcompendium.com/droll/) - A droll is a short, funny performance that began in England during the Puritan Interregnum, a time when there was no king. When theaters were closed, actors could not perform plays as they usually did. To earn money, they borrowed scenes from famous Elizabethan plays, added dancing and other entertainment, and performed these shows, sometimes without permission.
- [Dream vision](https://lcdcompendium.com/dream-vision-2/) - A dream vision or visio is a literary device where a dream or vision is described as revealing knowledge or truths not known in a normal waking state. This happens when someone is asleep. While dreams appear often in literature, the genre of visionary writing became popular suddenly and was especially common in early medieval Europe.
- [Dream vision](https://lcdcompendium.com/dream-vision/) - A dream vision, or visio, is a writing tool used in stories where a character describes a dream or vision that shows them knowledge or truths they cannot learn while awake. Although dreams have been written about often in literature, the specific type of writing called visionary literature became popular quickly, especially in early medieval Europe. In both ancient and medieval times, these visions were often believed to come from a divine source.
- [Dramaturgy](https://lcdcompendium.com/dramaturgy/) - Dramaturgy is the study of how plays are written and how their main parts are shown on stage. A dramaturg who works with text helps bring the many different parts of a play to life during a production. They use information from the script, the playwright, the time and place when the play was written, and the time and place when it is performed.
- [List of proverbial phrases](https://lcdcompendium.com/list-of-proverbial-phrases/) - Below is an alphabetical list of commonly used and repeated proverbial phrases. When known, their origins are included. A proverbial phrase or expression is a type of common saying, similar to a proverb, that is passed down through spoken words.
- [Dramatic Lyrics](https://lcdcompendium.com/dramatic-lyrics/) - Dramatic Lyrics is a book of English poems written by Robert Browning. It was first published in 1842 as the third book in a series called Bells and Pomegranates, which Browning published himself. This book is best known for including the poem The Pied Piper of Hamelin for the first time.
- [Irony](https://lcdcompendium.com/irony/) - Irony is a contrast between what seems to be true on the surface and what is actually true or expected. It began as a way to speak and write in ancient Greece, where it described a character who acted as if they were not smart to trick others who were boastful. Over time, irony changed from a form of trickery to a way of using language to say the opposite of what is meant, with the purpose of creating a special effect that the audience recognizes.
- [Drama](https://lcdcompendium.com/drama/) - Drama is a type of storytelling shown through performances such as plays, operas, mimes, and ballets. These performances take place in theaters, on radio, or on television. As a form of poetry, drama has been compared to other types, such as epic and lyrical styles, since ancient times, as noted in Aristotle’s Poetics (around 335 BC), the first known work about drama.
- [Masculine and feminine endings](https://lcdcompendium.com/masculine-and-feminine-endings/) - In the study of poetry structure, called prosody, lines of verse can end with a stressed syllable or an unstressed syllable. A line ending with a stressed syllable is called a masculine ending, while a line ending with an unstressed syllable is called a feminine ending. These terms come from patterns in the French language.
- [Doppelgänger](https://lcdcompendium.com/doppelganger/) - A doppelgänger ( / ˈ d ɒ p ə l ɡ ɛ ŋ ə r , - ɡ æ ŋ -/ DOP -əl-gheng-ər, -⁠ gang- , also doppelgaenger and doppelganger ) is a supernatural copy of a living person. This copy often follows the person it is based on. In stories, myths, and everyday language, a doppelgänger is usually seen as a ghost or a mysterious event.
- [Don Neely](https://lcdcompendium.com/don-neely/) - Donald Owen Neely MNZM MBE was born on December 21, 1935, and passed away on June 16, 2022. He was a New Zealand cricket historian, administrator, and player. He was the leader of New Zealand Cricket and helped write over 30 books about New Zealand cricket.
- [Domestic tragedy](https://lcdcompendium.com/domestic-tragedy/) - In English drama, a domestic tragedy is a type of play where the main characters are ordinary people from the middle or working class. This type of play is different from classical and Neoclassical tragedies, where the main characters are royalty or nobility, and their downfall affects both the state and their personal lives. These plays are also different from De casibus tragedies, such as De casibus virorum illustrium by Giovanni Boccaccio.
- [Dolce Stil Novo](https://lcdcompendium.com/dolce-stil-novo/) - Dolce Stil Novo (Italian pronunciation: [ˈdoltʃe ˌstil ˈnɔːvo], meaning "sweet new style") was a literary movement in 13th and 14th century Italy. It was influenced by the Sicilian School and Tuscan poetry, and its main theme was Divine Love. The term "Dolce Stil Novo" was first used by Dante Alighieri in Purgatorio, the second part of Divina Commedia.
- [Doggerel](https://lcdcompendium.com/doggerel/) - Doggerel, or doggrel, is a type of poetry that has an uneven rhythm and rhyme pattern. It is often used intentionally to create humor or funny effects. Sometimes, it refers to poetry with a repetitive rhythm, simple rhymes, and messages that are not very meaningful.
- [Stress (mechanics)](https://lcdcompendium.com/stress-mechanics/) - In the study of how materials behave under forces, stress is a measure that describes the forces acting during changes in shape. For example, when an object is pulled apart, like a stretched rubber band, it experiences tensile stress and may become longer. When an object is pushed together, like a squeezed sponge, it experiences compressive stress and may become shorter.
- [Couplet](https://lcdcompendium.com/couplet-2/) - In poetry, a couplet ( / ˈ k ʌ p l ə t / CUP -lət ) or distich ( / ˈ d ɪ s t ɪ k / DISS -tick ) is a pair of lines that follow each other, rhyme, and have the same meter. A couplet can be formal (closed) or run-on (open). In a formal (closed) couplet, each line ends with a pause, meaning there is a stop at the end of each line.
- [Cognitive dissonance](https://lcdcompendium.com/cognitive-dissonance/) - In the field of psychology, cognitive dissonance is a mental condition where people hold ideas, beliefs, or actions that conflict with one another, often without realizing it. When people face situations that highlight these conflicts, they are motivated to change their thoughts or actions to reduce the discomfort caused by the conflict. This can happen by adjusting a belief, explaining away a situation, or taking steps to make the conflicting ideas seem less inconsistent.
- [Dissociation of sensibility](https://lcdcompendium.com/dissociation-of-sensibility/) - Dissociation of sensibility is a term used in literature that was introduced by T. S. Eliot in his essay "The Metaphysical Poets." It describes a change Eliot believed happened in poetry during the 1600s, when intellectual ideas became separated from emotional experiences.
- [Discourse](https://lcdcompendium.com/discourse/) - Discourse refers to the idea of conversation extended to all forms of communication. It is a key subject in social studies, with research covering areas like sociology, anthropology, philosophy, and discourse analysis. Inspired by Michel Foucault, these fields see discourse as a system of thoughts, knowledge, or communication that shapes how people understand the world.
- [Dirge](https://lcdcompendium.com/dirge/) - A dirge is a sad song or lament that expresses sorrow or grief, often performed at a funeral. Dirges are usually short hymns and are not as long or thoughtful as elegies. They are often played slowly and sound like funeral marches.
- [Dipole antenna](https://lcdcompendium.com/dipole-antenna/) - In radio and telecommunications, a dipole antenna or doublet is one of the two simplest and most commonly used types of antenna. The other type is the monopole antenna. A dipole is part of a group of antennas that create a signal pattern similar to a basic electric dipole.
- [Dimeter](https://lcdcompendium.com/dimeter/) - In poetry, a dimeter is a line of verse that follows a specific rhythm pattern, containing two feet. The type of foot used can change depending on the poem. In Thomas Hood's poem "Bridge of Sighs," the first line in a pair has two feet, each with three syllables.
- [Dime novel](https://lcdcompendium.com/dime-novel-2/) - The dime novel is a type of American fiction from the late 1800s and early 1900s. These stories were sold in series as inexpensive paperbacks. The term "dime novel" has been used to describe several related formats, including story papers, weekly magazines that cost five or ten cents, reprinted "thick books," and sometimes early pulp magazines.
- [Digression](https://lcdcompendium.com/digression/) - A digression is a part of a written work or speech where the writer or speaker briefly moves away from the main topic. After discussing the main subject, they return to it later. Writers and speakers sometimes use digressions on purpose to make their work more interesting or to help explain their ideas better.
- [Digest size](https://lcdcompendium.com/digest-size/) - Digest size is a type of magazine size. It is smaller than a regular or "journal size" magazine but larger than a standard paperback book. The size is about 14 cm × 21 cm (5 + 1⁄2 by 8 + 1⁄4 inches).
- [Didactic method](https://lcdcompendium.com/didactic-method/) - A didactic method is a way of teaching that uses a clear and organized approach based on science or education to share information with students. This method is often compared to other teaching styles, such as dialectics and the Socratic method. The term can also describe a specific type of teaching method, like constructivist didactics.
- [Diction](https://lcdcompendium.com/diction/) - Diction (Latin: dictionem (nom. dictio), "a saying, expression, word") refers to the way a writer or speaker chooses words and expresses ideas in a piece of writing, such as a poem or story. In a more common sense, diction describes how clearly someone speaks so that each word is heard and understood fully.
- [Pyrrhic](https://lcdcompendium.com/pyrrhic/) - A pyrrhic (pronounced /ˈpɪrɪk/) is a type of rhythm pattern used in formal poetry. It is made up of two syllables that are not stressed and are short in length. This pattern is also called a dibrach.
- [Dialogue](https://lcdcompendium.com/dialogue/) - Dialogue (sometimes spelled dialog in American English) is a conversation between two or more people. It is also a way to show such conversations in books and plays. As a tool for teaching or explaining ideas, it is most closely linked in the West to the Socratic dialogue, which was developed by Plato.
- [Dialogic](https://lcdcompendium.com/dialogic/) - Dialogic means using conversation or shared discussion to explore the meaning of something. This is different from monologic, which is when one person gives information without discussing or clarifying it through conversation. The word "dialogic" describes communication that takes the form of a conversation.
- [Dialect](https://lcdcompendium.com/dialect/) - A dialect is a type of language used by a specific group of people. It can include both common, official forms of language and less common, informal, or unofficial forms, such as those spoken in some developing countries or in areas that are not connected to others. Dialects of the same language are different mainly because of how they use sounds, word structure, sentence structure, and words.
- [Deuteragonist](https://lcdcompendium.com/deuteragonist/) - In literature, the deuteragonist (pronounced DEW-tuh-RAG-uh-nist; from the Ancient Greek word for "second actor") is the second most important character in a story. This character comes after the protagonist (the main character) and before the tritagonist (the third most important character). The deuteragonist often travels with the protagonist or helps them achieve their goals.
- [Deus ex machina](https://lcdcompendium.com/deus-ex-machina/) - Deus ex machina is a tool used in stories to solve a difficult problem suddenly. It happens when an unexpected event fixes a problem that seemed impossible to solve. This tool helps end the story, surprise readers, create a happy ending, or add humor.
- [Denouement](https://lcdcompendium.com/denouement/) - Denouement is a part of a story's structure where most plot lines usually end, and events are explained. It often comes after the climax. The word comes from the French term dénouement, which means "to untie a knot." This idea is based on the Latin word nodus, meaning "knot." In classical drama, the final resolution is often called catastrophe.
- [Denotation](https://lcdcompendium.com/denotation/) - In philosophy and linguistics, the denotation of a word or expression refers to its exact or literal meaning. For example, the English word "warm" denotes the quality of having a high temperature. Denotation is different from other parts of meaning, such as connotation.
- [Decorum](https://lcdcompendium.com/decorum/) - Decorum, from the Latin word meaning "right" or "proper," is a principle in classical rhetoric, poetry, and theatrical theory that refers to whether a style is suitable for a particular subject in theater. The concept of decorum also includes rules about how people should behave in certain situations according to social expectations.
- [Decasyllable](https://lcdcompendium.com/decasyllable/) - Decasyllable (Italian: decasillabo, French: décasyllabe, Serbian: десетерац, deseterac) is a type of poetic meter with ten syllables used in traditions that count syllables in verse. In languages with a stress accent (where rhythm depends on stressed syllables), it is similar to pentameter with alternating unstressed and stressed syllables, like iambic pentameter. Medieval French heroic stories (called chansons de geste) were often written in ten-syllable lines, which became known as "heroic verse." These lines usually had a pause after the fourth syllable.
- [Decadence](https://lcdcompendium.com/decadence/) - Decadence was a movement that started in the late 1800s. It focused on exciting, unusual, and exaggerated experiences. It also sometimes refers to a drop in quality in areas like art, literature, science, and work habits.
- [Le Débat](https://lcdcompendium.com/le-debat/) - Le Débat was a French magazine published every two months from 1980 to 2020. It was started by Pierre Nora and Marcel Gauchet and connected to left-wing politics in France. It was called the most important intellectual magazine in France during the late 20th century.
- [Dandy](https://lcdcompendium.com/dandy/) - A dandy is a man who values physical appearance and personal grooming, speaks in a refined way, and enjoys leisure activities. A dandy may be a man who creates his own success and image, imitating the lifestyle of the aristocracy even if he was born into a middle-class family. This was especially common in Britain during the late 1700s and early 1800s.
- [Dactyls (mythology)](https://lcdcompendium.com/dactyls-mythology/) - In Greek mythology, the Dactyls, also called Daktyloi, were an ancient group of mythical beings linked to the Great Mother, known as Cybele or Rhea. Their numbers changed depending on the story, but they were often described as ten spirit-like beings, similar to the three Korybantes or the Cabeiri. These beings were skilled in metalworking and healing.
- [Curtal sonnet](https://lcdcompendium.com/curtal-sonnet/) - The curtal sonnet is a poetic form created by Gerard Manley Hopkins and used in three of his poems. It has eleven lines, or more accurately, ten-and-a-half lines. Unlike a standard sonnet, it follows the structure of a Petrarchan sonnet, but each section is three-quarters the length of its original form.
- [Curtain raiser](https://lcdcompendium.com/curtain-raiser/) - A curtain raiser is a short performance or performer that introduces a show or event before the main attraction. It is usually shorter than the main attraction, though this is not always the case. The term comes from the action of raising the curtain on a stage.
- [Crown of sonnets](https://lcdcompendium.com/crown-of-sonnets/) - A crown of sonnets, also called a sonnet corona, is a group of sonnets, often written for one person and/or focused on one topic. Each sonnet talks about one part of the topic and is connected to the sonnets before and after it by using the last line of the previous sonnet as its first line. The first line of the first sonnet is used again as the last line of the final sonnet, which ends the group.
- [Acrostic](https://lcdcompendium.com/acrostic-2/) - An acrostic is a type of poem or writing where the first letter of each line (or other part of the text) spells out a word, message, or the alphabet. The word comes from French and Latin, and means "highest" and "verse" in ancient Greek. Acrostics are a form of writing with rules and can help people remember information.
- [Crisis](https://lcdcompendium.com/crisis/) - A crisis (plural: crises; adjective: critical) is an event or time that causes a situation that is not safe and is hard to control. It affects one person, a group of people, or everyone in society. Crises are bad changes in people's lives or the environment, especially when they happen suddenly with little or no warning.
- [Incunable](https://lcdcompendium.com/incunable/) - An incunable, also called an incunabulum, is a book, pamphlet, or broadside printed during the very early years of printing in Europe, up to the year 1500. The exact date is not fixed, but the number of printed books grew rapidly in the next century. Because of this, all incunabula, which were made before the printing press became common in Europe, are rare.
- [Ode](https://lcdcompendium.com/ode/) - An ode is a type of lyric poetry that originated in Ancient Greece. Odes are carefully organized poems that praise or celebrate events or people. They describe nature in both thoughtful and emotional ways.
- [Couplet](https://lcdcompendium.com/couplet/) - In poetry, a couplet is two lines that rhyme and have the same rhythm. A couplet can be formal (closed) or run-on (open). In a formal (closed) couplet, each line ends with a pause, showing that the sentence stops at the end of the line.
- [Convention (norm)](https://lcdcompendium.com/convention-norm/) - A convention is a set of rules, standards, or social practices that people agree upon, often forming a custom. In the physical sciences, numerical values such as constants, quantities, or measurement scales are considered conventional when they do not reflect a natural property measured from the environment. Instead, these values come from agreements among scientists, such as averages calculated from many measurements.
- [Contrast (vision)](https://lcdcompendium.com/contrast-vision/) - Contrast is the difference in brightness or color that helps an object stand out from its background. Human eyes are better at noticing differences in brightness than seeing the actual level of brightness. This means that how something looks can stay similar even if the lighting changes a lot.
- [ConTeXt](https://lcdcompendium.com/context/) - ConTeXt, styled as ConT e Xt, is a tool for creating documents. Like LaTeX, it is based on the TeX typesetting system. ConTeXt is especially useful for creating structured documents, producing documents automatically, achieving detailed typography, and typesetting in many languages.
- [Contradiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/contradiction/) - In traditional logic, a contradiction occurs when a statement conflicts with itself or with known facts. It is often used to identify dishonest ideas or unfair opinions. This shows a general pattern in how logic is applied.
- [Literary consonance](https://lcdcompendium.com/literary-consonance/) - Consonance is a type of rhyme where the same or similar consonant sounds are repeated in nearby words, but the vowel sounds are different. For example, "coming/home" or "hot/foot." Consonance is related to assonance, which involves repeating vowel sounds instead. In poetry, consonance can create sound effects inside lines of verse.
- [Consistency](https://lcdcompendium.com/consistency/) - In deductive logic, a consistent theory is one that does not produce a logical contradiction. A theory is consistent if it does not prove both a statement and its opposite. For example, if a theory proves "It is raining" and also proves "It is not raining," the theory is inconsistent.
- [Connotation](https://lcdcompendium.com/connotation/) - A connotation is a shared feeling or idea that a word or phrase carries, in addition to its direct or literal meaning, which is called its denotation. Connotations are often described as positive or negative, based on the feelings they create. For example, the word "stubborn" can be described as "strong-willed" or "pig-headed." Both phrases have the same literal meaning, but "strong-willed" suggests admiration for someone's determination (a positive connotation), while "pig-headed" suggests frustration when dealing with someone (a negative connotation).
- [Confidant](https://lcdcompendium.com/confidant/) - A confidant (pronounced /ˈkɒnˌfɪdɑːnt/ or /ˌkɒnˈfɪdɑːnt/) is a character in a story who receives secrets and is trusted by the main character. A confidant can be another main character, someone who gains trust because of their job or role, such as a doctor, or a character who is not introduced separately and only serves as someone to share secrets with. The female version of this term is "confidante," which is pronounced the same way.
- [Confessional writing](https://lcdcompendium.com/confessional-writing/) - Confessional writing is a type of writing that began in American schools after World War II. It became popular in the 1950s and 1960s as a form of confessional poetry. This style is often linked to Postmodernism because both share features such as self-expression and reflection, discussions of topics that are considered taboo in society, and the influence of personal struggles and historical events.
- [Concordance (publishing)](https://lcdcompendium.com/concordance-publishing/) - A concordance is an alphabetical list of the main words in a book or group of writings. It shows every place each word appears, along with the words around it. In the past, concordances were made only for important works, like the Vedas, Bible, Qur'an, or writings by Shakespeare, James Joyce, or ancient Greek and Latin authors.
- [Extended metaphor](https://lcdcompendium.com/extended-metaphor/) - An extended metaphor, also called a conceit or sustained metaphor, is a type of comparison used in literature. It is different from a simple metaphor because it continues for a long time and connects the main subject being described (called the tenor) to the comparison used (called the vehicle) in more than one way. These connections are shown again and again, found, looked at again, and used in new ways throughout the work.
- [Commonplace book](https://lcdcompendium.com/commonplace-book/) - Commonplace books are personal notebooks used to collect information that the owner finds interesting or helpful. These books can include notes, sayings, recipes, quotes, letters, poems, tables of measurements, prayers, legal forms, and other useful information. People have used them for a long time, especially during the Renaissance and in the 1800s.
- [Common metre](https://lcdcompendium.com/common-metre/) - Common metre, also called common measure, is a type of poetic rhythm made up of four lines. These lines alternate between iambic tetrameter (lines with four pairs of syllables, each pair having an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable) and iambic trimeter (lines with three pairs of syllables, each pair having an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable). The rhythm is shown by the number of syllables in each line, such as 8.6.8.6, 86.86, or 86 86, or by the abbreviation "CM." Common metre has been used in ballads like "Tam Lin," hymns like "Amazing Grace," and Christmas carols like "O Little Town of Bethlehem." Because this rhythm is widely used, the words of one song can often be sung to the melody of another.
- [Commedia erudita](https://lcdcompendium.com/commedia-erudita/) - Commedia erudita are Italian comedies written in the sixteenth century for scholars to enjoy. These plays copied the styles of ancient Roman playwrights Terence and Plautus. Audiences saw many dramatic elements, such as monologues, asides, overhearing, misunderstandings, mistaken identities, and disguises.
- [Commedia dell'arte](https://lcdcompendium.com/commedia-dellarte/) - Commedia dell'arte was an early form of professional theatre that began in Italy and became popular across Europe from the 16th to the 18th centuries. It was sometimes called "Italian comedy" in English and is also known as commedia alla maschera, commedia improvviso, and commedia dell'arte all'improvviso. Commedia uses masked characters that are standard types, recognized by their names, costumes, and roles in the plays.
- [Comic relief](https://lcdcompendium.com/comic-relief/) - Comic relief is when a funny character, scene, or clever conversation is added to a serious or dramatic story. This helps to reduce tension.
- [Comedy of manners](https://lcdcompendium.com/comedy-of-manners/) - In English literature, the term "comedy of manners" (also called "anti-sentimental comedy") refers to a type of realistic, satirical comedy that examines and critiques the behaviors and social rules of a very formal and artificial society. This genre uses humor to highlight the fashion, manners, and attitudes of different social classes, often through repeated character types, such as the boastful soldier from Ancient Greek plays, or the vain man and the reckless lover from English Restoration plays. The clever storyline of a comedy of manners (often involving a scandal) is less important than the social messages shown through the sharp and clever conversations of the characters.
- [Comedy of intrigue](https://lcdcompendium.com/comedy-of-intrigue/) - The comedy of intrigue, also called the comedy of situations, is a type of comedy where the story and events are more important than how characters change. These plays use clever plans, secret schemes, and funny or exaggerated situations to move the plot forward. Characters are often not clearly described, and the story feels full of action and movement.
- [Comedy of humours](https://lcdcompendium.com/comedy-of-humours/) - The comedy of humours is a type of play that focuses on characters who have strong, main traits or "humours" that shape their actions and decisions. This style of comedy can be seen in the works of the ancient Greek writer Aristophanes, but it became more popular in England during the late 1500s through the plays of Ben Jonson and George Chapman. In the middle of the 1600s, this style was mixed with another type of comedy called the comedy of manners in plays from the Restoration period.
- [Comédie larmoyante](https://lcdcompendium.com/comedie-larmoyante/) - Comédie larmoyante (French for "tearful comedy") was a type of French drama from the 18th century. This sentimental comedy often ended with sad events being resolved through reconciliation and emotional scenes. Even when plays in this genre ended unhappily, they showed that the characters who suffered had achieved a "moral triumph." Thomas Heywood's play A Woman Kilde with Kindnesse (acted in 1603; printed in 1607) is considered an early example of this genre.
- [Colloquialism](https://lcdcompendium.com/colloquialism/) - Colloquialism, also known as everyday language or general parlance, is the type of language used for informal communication. It is the most common way people speak in casual conversations and other informal situations. Colloquialism often includes expressive phrases, idioms, a focus on humans or human experiences, and a vocabulary that changes often.
- [Collaborative poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/collaborative-poetry/) - Collaborative or collective poetry is a different and creative way for more than one person to write poetry together. The main goal of collaborative poetry is to create poems that include contributions from many different writers. In one common example, several authors may work together to form a single voice in the poem while still showing each person's unique style.
- [Closet drama](https://lcdcompendium.com/closet-drama/) - A closet drama is a play meant to be read by one person, not performed on stage. The first known use of this term, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, was in 1813. In 1907, literary historian Henry A.
- [Closed couplet](https://lcdcompendium.com/closed-couplet/) - In poetry, closed couplets are pairs of lines that each end with a complete thought. These lines are often rhymed. When the lines follow a pattern called iambic pentameter, they are known as heroic verse.
- [Close reading](https://lcdcompendium.com/close-reading/) - In literary criticism, close reading means carefully analyzing a short part of a text. It focuses on specific details rather than general ideas, paying close attention to individual words, sentence structure, the order of sentences, and how the text is organized. Close reading looks at both the meaning of the text (content) and the way the text is written (form), allowing readers to make observations and provide interpretations.
- [Cloak and dagger](https://lcdcompendium.com/cloak-and-dagger/) - "cloak and dagger" was a fighting style that was popular during the Renaissance. It involved using a knife that was hidden under a cloak. Over time, the term was used as a metaphor to describe situations that involved secret plans, hidden activities, spying, or puzzles.
- [Climax (narrative)](https://lcdcompendium.com/climax-narrative/) - The climax, from the Ancient Greek word klîmax, meaning "staircase" or "ladder," is the most intense and important moment in a story. It is when the action reaches its highest point of tension or drama, and the main problem is finally solved. The climax is an important part of a story.
- [Cliché](https://lcdcompendium.com/cliche/) - A cliché is a phrase, idea, or part of a story that has been used so much that it no longer has its original meaning or impact. The word comes from French, where it means a printed image used in printing. In language studies, it refers to phrases that are commonly used and accepted.
- [Clerihew](https://lcdcompendium.com/clerihew/) - A clerihew is a short, four-line poem about a person's life. It was created by Edmund Clerihew Bentley. The first line usually names a famous person, and the other lines describe them in a funny or unusual way.
- [Classicism](https://lcdcompendium.com/classicism-2/) - Classicism is a style in the arts that looks back to the time of ancient Greece and Rome. It focuses on ideas from these ancient cultures, such as balance, simplicity, and clear structure. Classicism values control, calm emotions, and the use of clear forms to show beauty and perfection.
- [Cinquain](https://lcdcompendium.com/cinquain/) - A Cinquain is a type of poetry that uses a pattern with five lines. It was once used to describe any five-line poem, but now it refers to specific types of poems that have specific rules and guidelines.
- [The Chronicle of the Black Sword](https://lcdcompendium.com/the-chronicle-of-the-black-sword/) - The Chronicle of the Black Sword is the fourteenth album by the English space rock band Hawkwind. It was released in 1985 and appeared on the UK Albums Chart for two weeks, reaching a peak position of #65. The album is inspired by the adventures of Elric of Melniboné, a character from science fiction novels written by Michael Moorcock.
- [Chronicle](https://lcdcompendium.com/chronicle/) - A chronicle is a record of events written in the order they happened, like a timeline. It includes both important events and local events, showing what happened from the viewpoint of the person who wrote it. A chronicle that covers the history of the whole world is called a universal chronicle.
- [Choriamb](https://lcdcompendium.com/choriamb/) - In Greek and Latin poetry, a choriamb (pronounced "kor-ee-AMB") is a rhythmic pattern made up of four syllables arranged in the order long-short-short-long (— —). This pattern combines a trochee (a long syllable followed by a short one) and an iamb (a short syllable followed by a long one). Choriambs are one of two basic rhythmic patterns that do not appear in spoken language, unlike patterns used in sung or lyrical poetry.
- [Chivalric romance](https://lcdcompendium.com/chivalric-romance/) - The chivalric romance is a type of story written in prose and verse that was popular in the noble courts of high medieval and early modern Europe. These stories often feature a brave knight who goes on a quest filled with amazing adventures. Over time, it evolved from epics.
- [Rhyme royal](https://lcdcompendium.com/rhyme-royal/) - Rhyme royal (or rime royal) is a type of poem with a specific rhyme pattern. Geoffrey Chaucer introduced this form to English poetry. It was very popular in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
- [Characterization](https://lcdcompendium.com/characterization/) - Characterization is the way characters, such as people, animals, or other beings, are described in stories and plays. It is sometimes called character development. This description can use direct methods, like explaining a character's traits through words or comments, or indirect methods, where readers learn about a character's traits by observing their actions, words, or looks.
- [Character(novel)](https://lcdcompendium.com/characternovel/) - "Character" (original Dutch title "Karakter") is a book written by Dutch author Ferdinand Bordewijk and published in 1938. The subtitle, "Een roman van zoon en vader," translates to "A Novel of Son and Father." It is a type of story called a Bildungsroman, which follows the development of a young person and shows the relationship between a strict father and his son. "Character" is Bordewijk's most famous novel and was used as the basis for a 1997 movie with the same name.
- [Chapbook](https://lcdcompendium.com/chapbook/) - A chapbook is a small printed booklet that was widely used for street literature in early modern Europe. These books were made cheaply, often with simple woodcut illustrations and printed on one sheet folded into 8, 12, 16, or 24 pages. Some were stitched together with thread.
- [Chant royal](https://lcdcompendium.com/chant-royal/) - Chant royal is a type of poem with a set structure that began in medieval France. It is similar to a ballad but has five stanzas, each with eleven lines. The rhyme pattern follows a specific order, and no rhyming word is used more than once.
- [Chansonnier](https://lcdcompendium.com/chansonnier/) - A chansonnier is a handwritten or printed book that contains a collection of songs, known as chansons. These songs can be performed with multiple voices (polyphonic) or a single voice (monophonic). Some chansonniers only include the words of songs, not the music, such as the Cancioneiro da Vaticana and Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional, which hold many Galician-Portuguese lyrics.
- [Chanson de geste](https://lcdcompendium.com/chanson-de-geste/) - The chanson de geste (Old French for "song of heroic deeds," from Latin: gesta "deeds, actions accomplished") is a medieval story, a type of epic poem that appeared at the beginning of French literature. The earliest poems of this genre were written in the late 11th and early 12th centuries, just before the rise of lyric poetry by troubadours and trouvères, and the first verse romances. These works were most widely accepted between 1150 and 1250.
- [Celtic Revival](https://lcdcompendium.com/celtic-revival/) - The Celtic Revival, also called the Celtic Twilight, refers to a series of movements and trends in the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries that showed renewed interest in Celtic culture. Artists and writers used traditions from Gaelic literature, Welsh-language literature, and Celtic art, which historians call insular art (a style of art from Ireland and Britain during the Early Medieval period). While the revival had many different parts and occurred in several countries in Northwest Europe, its most well-known part was the Irish Literary Revival.
- [Celtic art](https://lcdcompendium.com/celtic-art/) - Celtic art is connected to the people known as the Celts, who spoke Celtic languages in Europe from ancient times until today. It also includes the art of ancient groups whose language is unknown but who share cultural and artistic similarities with Celtic-speaking people. Celtic art is a challenging term to define because it covers a long period of time, many places, and various cultures.
- [Cavalier poet](https://lcdcompendium.com/cavalier-poet-2/) - The Cavalier poets were a group of English poets from the 17th century who supported King Charles I during the English Civil War (1642–1651). King Charles loved the fine arts and encouraged poets who created the kind of art he admired. These poets joined the King’s cause, becoming known as Cavalier poets.
- [Caudate sonnet](https://lcdcompendium.com/caudate-sonnet/) - A caudate sonnet is a longer version of a sonnet. It includes 14 lines written in the standard sonnet style, followed by a coda. The word "coda" comes from Latin, meaning "tail," which is where the name "caudate" is taken.
- [Catharsis](https://lcdcompendium.com/catharsis/) - Catharsis, or katharsis, comes from the Ancient Greek word katharsis, meaning "purification" or "cleansing." It describes the process of removing or expressing strong emotions or thoughts, which can lead to a feeling of emotional renewal and balance. In dramaturgy, the term often refers to the way plays or performances make an audience feel strong emotions, such as sadness or fear, and then help them release those feelings, leaving them feeling more at peace. In Ancient Greek, the word originally described physical purification practices.
- [Catalexis](https://lcdcompendium.com/catalexis/) - A catalectic line is a line of poetry that is not complete in rhythm, missing a syllable at the end or ending with a part of a rhythm unit that is not finished. One type of catalexis is called headlessness, which happens when the first syllable, which is not stressed, is left out of the line. A line that is missing two syllables is referred to as brachycatalectic.
- [Catachresis](https://lcdcompendium.com/catachresis/) - Catachresis, which comes from the Greek word katachrēsis meaning "misuse," refers to the incorrect or unusual use of words or phrases. It describes situations where a word is used in a way that is very different from its usual meaning. For example, using "militate" instead of "mitigate," "chronic" instead of "severe," "travesty" instead of "tragedy," "anachronism" instead of "anomaly," or "alibi" instead of "excuse." In rhetoric, catachresis can also describe a metaphor that is surprising or unlikely.
- [Carpe diem](https://lcdcompendium.com/carpe-diem/) - Carpe diem (/ˌkɑːr.p eɪˈdi.əm/) is a Latin short saying that means "seize the day." It comes from Book 1 of a collection of poems called Odes, written by the Roman poet Horace around 23 BC.
- [Captivity narrative](https://lcdcompendium.com/captivity-narrative/) - Captivity narratives are personal stories written by people who were captured by enemies, especially those from different cultures. In North America, the most well-known captivity narratives describe Europeans and Americans who were taken by Indigenous peoples. These stories have been important in many areas, such as literature, history, and the study of Native peoples.
- [Canzone](https://lcdcompendium.com/canzone/) - The word "canzone" means "song" in Italian. It refers to a type of Italian or Provençal song or ballad. It is also used to describe a type of lyric poetry that is similar to a madrigal.
- [Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation](https://lcdcompendium.com/civil-air-navigation-services-organisation/) - The Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation (CANSO) is a group that represents companies responsible for managing air traffic. These companies, called air navigation service providers (ANSPs), help control the movement of airplanes around the world. CANSO members support more than 85% of global air traffic.
- [Canon Inc.](https://lcdcompendium.com/canon-inc/) - Canon Inc. (Japanese: キヤノン株式会社; Hepburn: Kyanon kabushiki gaisha) is a Japanese company based in Ōta, Tokyo. It creates products related to optics, imaging, and industry, such as lenses, cameras, tools for police work, scanners, printers, and equipment used to make computer chips.
- [Calligram](https://lcdcompendium.com/calligram/) - A calligram is a group of words arranged in a special way to create a picture that relates to the topic. It can be a poem, a short sentence, part of a religious text, or even a single word. The way the words are written might use special styles, such as curved lines or paragraphs shaped like objects.
- [Caesura](https://lcdcompendium.com/caesura/) - A caesura (plural: caesuras or caesurae; from Latin for "cutting") is a pause or break in a line of poetry where one phrase ends and another begins. It can be shown using a comma (,), a checkmark (✓), or two lines, which may be slanted (//) or vertical (||). The length of this pause can range from a very short silence to a longer, more noticeable stop.
- [Cadence Design Systems](https://lcdcompendium.com/cadence-design-systems/) - Cadence Design Systems, Inc. (also written as cādence ) is a technology company based in San Jose, California. The company originally focused on creating software for designing electronic components used in semiconductors.
- [Byronic hero](https://lcdcompendium.com/byronic-hero/) - The Byronic hero is a type of character from the Romantic period, named after the English poet Lord Byron. A historian and critic named Lord Macaulay described this character as "a man proud, moody, and cynical, with a defiant look on his face and sadness in his heart. He dislikes others, does not forgive, and seeks revenge, but he can also feel deep and strong love." Both Lord Byron's own life and the characters in his stories helped define this type of hero.
- [Burlesque](https://lcdcompendium.com/burlesque/) - A burlesque is a type of story, play, or song that uses humor to make fun of serious works by exaggerating their style or treating their subjects in a silly way. The word comes from French and is based on the Italian word "burlesco," which means "joke" or "mockery." Burlesque is similar to other forms like caricature, parody, and travesty. In theater, it is related to extravagant performances that were popular during the Victorian era.
- [Bourgeois tragedy](https://lcdcompendium.com/bourgeois-tragedy/) - Bourgeois tragedy, also called Bürgerliches Trauerspiel in German, is a type of dramatic story that began in Europe during the 18th century. It developed during the Enlightenment, a time when the middle class, or bourgeois class, became more important in society. This form of tragedy is known for having main characters who are regular people from the middle class, not royalty or famous individuals.
- [Boulevard theatre (aesthetic)](https://lcdcompendium.com/boulevard-theatre-aesthetic/) - In the second half of the 18th century, both popular and middle-class theatre were located on the boulevard du Temple. This area was called the "boulevard du Crime" because many plays about dramatic events and murders were performed there. Visitors could enjoy fireworks, pantomime, acrobatics, and other performances.
- [Blank verse](https://lcdcompendium.com/blank-verse/) - Blank verse is a type of poetry that has a regular rhythm but does not use rhyming words. It is most often written in iambic pentameter, which means each line has a pattern of ten beats, made up of five pairs of unstressed and stressed syllables. This form has been called "probably the most common and influential form of English poetry since the 16th century." Paul Fussell estimated that "about three quarters of all English poetry is written in blank verse." The first known use of blank verse in English was by Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, in his translation of the Aeneid (written around 1540; published after his death, between 1554 and 1557).
- [Bildungsroman](https://lcdcompendium.com/bildungsroman-3/) - In literature, a bildungsroman is a type of story that follows the growth and development of the main character from childhood to adulthood. The word comes from the German language, where "Bildung" means "formation" or "education," and "Roman" means "novel." The term describes stories that focus on how the main character changes in their thoughts, actions, and understanding of the world as they grow older. German pronunciation: [ˈbɪldʊŋs.ʁoˌmaːn].
- [Bibliography](https://lcdcompendium.com/bibliography/) - Bibliography, from the Ancient Greek words biblion (meaning "book") and graphía (meaning "writing"), is the academic study of books as physical and cultural objects. This field is also called bibliology, which comes from the Greek word logía (meaning "study of"). English author John Carter explains that the word "bibliography" has two meanings.
- [Beta reader](https://lcdcompendium.com/beta-reader/) - A beta reader is someone who reads a book or story before it is published. They give the author comments about how a typical reader would see the work. These comments help the writer improve parts of the story that still need work, such as the plot, how fast the story moves, and whether events happen in the right order.
- [Bestiary](https://lcdcompendium.com/bestiary/) - A bestiary is a book that describes different animals. It began in the ancient world and became widely used during the Middle Ages. These books often had pictures and explained the natural history of animals, as well as rocks.
- [Belles-lettres](https://lcdcompendium.com/belles-lettres/) - Belles-lettres is a type of writing that originally meant beautiful or elegant writing. Today, it refers specifically to literary works that are not classified as fiction, poetry, or drama. Sometimes, the term is used in a negative way to describe writing that focuses more on the beauty of language than on its usefulness.
- [Beast poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/beast-poetry/) - Beast poetry is a group of poems written in Latin during the 8th to 11th centuries. These poems are based on an old tradition of stories where animals act like humans, similar to those by Aesop. They helped create the popular Reynard literature that developed in the 12th century.
- [Animal tale](https://lcdcompendium.com/animal-tale/) - An animal tale or beast fable is usually a short story or poem where animals can speak. These stories may also show other human-like traits, such as living in a society similar to humans. This is a traditional type of storytelling that teaches a lesson.
- [Bathos](https://lcdcompendium.com/bathos/) - In literature and the arts, bathos (UK: /ˈbɛθɒs/ BAY-thoss; Ancient Greek: βάθος, meaning "depth") is a technique where a grand or formal style is used to describe simple, silly, or unimportant topics. This can also happen when a serious tone suddenly shifts to something trivial, creating humor. Today, bathos can occur by mistake (due to poor artistic skill) or on purpose as a tool to make people laugh.
- [Bard](https://lcdcompendium.com/bard/) - In Celtic cultures, a bard was a person who kept stories alive by telling them, writing songs, composing music, and recording history and family backgrounds. They worked for a patron, such as a king or leader, to honor the patron's ancestors and praise their achievements. As the tradition of bards declined in recent times, the word "bard" came to mean a general term for someone who plays music or writes, especially famous people.
- [Ballad stanza](https://lcdcompendium.com/ballad-stanza/) - In poetry, a ballad stanza is a type of four-line stanza called a quatrain, commonly found in folk ballads. This stanza has four lines. The first and third lines follow a rhythm with four beats, while the second and fourth lines follow a rhythm with three beats.
- [Ballad](https://lcdcompendium.com/ballad/) - A ballad is a type of poem that often tells a story and is sometimes set to music. Ballads were especially common in the popular songs and poems of England, Ireland, and Scotland from the late Middle Ages up to the 19th century. They were also used in many parts of Europe and later in Australia, North Africa, North America, and South America.
- [Avant-garde](https://lcdcompendium.com/avant-garde/) - In the arts and literature, the term avant-garde (from French, meaning "advance guard" or "vanguard") refers to a new or experimental style of art, or the artist who creates it. These works are often creative and different from what was popular before, but they may not be accepted by the art community at first. The idea of an "advance guard" compares artists and writers to soldiers who lead the way, showing new styles, forms, and subjects that challenge the traditional ways of creating art and writing.
- [Autotelic](https://lcdcompendium.com/autotelic/) - Autotelic is a Filipino independent and alternative rock band from Manila, Philippines. The band was created in 2012 and includes members Josh Villena (guitars and vocals), Neil Tin (guitars), EJ Edralin (synth), Timothy “Pabs” Vargas (bass guitars), and Gep Macadaeg (drums). Autotelic is currently signed to the independent record label Nemesis Music Group and the major record label MCA Music.
- [Autobiography](https://lcdcompendium.com/autobiography-2/) - An autobiography, sometimes called an autobio, is a book someone writes about their own life. It tells a personal story that includes the author's experiences, memories, and thoughts. This type of writing lets people share their unique views and life events, helping readers learn about the author's journey and the time or culture they lived in.
- [Aubade](https://lcdcompendium.com/aubade/) - An aubade is a type of music or poem that celebrates the morning, often involving lovers saying goodbye at dawn. It can also refer to a song or piece that describes or is inspired by the arrival of daylight. In its most specific meaning, an aubade is a song sung by a person leaving their lover, who is still asleep.
- [Asyndeton](https://lcdcompendium.com/asyndeton/) - Asyndeton (UK: /æˈsɪndɪtən, ə-/, US: /əˈsɪndətɒn, ˌeɪ-/) is a writing technique where one or more connecting words are intentionally left out in a series of related sentences or phrases. An example is "I came, I saw, I conquered," which is a translation of the Latin phrase "veni, vidi, vici." This technique can make a sentence feel faster and help a message stay in the reader's mind. Asyndeton is different from syndeton and polysyndeton.
- [Astrophysics](https://lcdcompendium.com/astrophysics/) - Astrophysics is a science that uses the rules and techniques of physics and chemistry to study objects and events in space, such as the universe. James Keeler, one of the early scientists in this field, explained that astrophysics focuses on "finding out what heavenly bodies are, rather than where they are in space," which is a topic studied in celestial mechanics. Subjects studied in astrophysics include the Sun (solar physics), other stars, galaxies, planets outside our solar system, the material between stars, and the cosmic microwave background.
- [Assonance](https://lcdcompendium.com/assonance/) - Assonance is when the same or similar vowel sounds are repeated in words or syllables that are close together. For example, the word "lean green meat" repeats the "ee" sound, and "Kip keeps capes" repeats the "k" sound. In American English, assonance refers only to vowel sounds, while the repetition of consonant sounds is called consonance.
- [Aside](https://lcdcompendium.com/aside/) - An aside is a way actors use in plays or shows to speak directly to the audience. By rule, the other characters on stage are not supposed to hear what is said. The character might talk to the audience clearly, either while acting normally or while stepping out of character, or it might show a thought the character is keeping secret.
- [Asemic writing](https://lcdcompendium.com/asemic-writing/) - Asemic writing is a type of writing that does not use words. The word "asemic" means "without specific meaning" or "without the smallest unit of meaning." Asemic writing combines writing and pictures, while using very few gestures, lines, or symbols. Because it is not clearly defined, readers can interpret its meaning in different ways.
- [Arsis and thesis](https://lcdcompendium.com/arsis-and-thesis/) - In music and prosody, arsis ( / ˈ ɑːr s ɪ s / ; plural arses , / ˈ ɑːr s iː z / ) and thesis ( / ˈ θ iː s ɪ s / ; plural theses , / ˈ θ iː s iː z / ) refer to the stronger and weaker parts of a musical measure or poetic foot. However, because the original definitions are unclear, writers use these terms differently. In music, arsis is an unaccented note ( upbeat ), while thesis is the downbeat.
- [Argument](https://lcdcompendium.com/argument/) - An argument is made up of one or more statements, ideas, or claims that are used to reach a logical conclusion. The purpose of an argument is to explain, support, or persuade someone by providing reasons for a belief or understanding. Arguments follow a series of logical steps to determine whether a conclusion is true or acceptable.
- [Aristeia](https://lcdcompendium.com/aristeia/) - An aristeia, or aristia (pronounced /ˌærɪˈstiːə/; Ancient Greek: ἀριστεία, meaning "excellence"), is a scene in epic poetry, such as in the famous poem the Iliad, where a hero displays their greatest skills in battle. This moment, called an aristeia, often shows the hero at their peak as a warrior and highlights their best qualities (aristos means "best"). Sometimes, this scene may end with the hero's death, emphasizing that it is a battle in which they reach their highest level of strength and heroism.
- [Archetype](https://lcdcompendium.com/archetype/) - The idea of an archetype ( / ˈ ɑːr k ɪ t aɪ p / AR -ki-type ) is found in subjects such as behavior, historical psychology, philosophy, and literary analysis. An archetype can be described as one of the following: Archetypes are similar to instincts because, before people are even aware of their thoughts, they have traits that are naturally passed down through generations. These traits help shape how people act and feel.
- [Archaism](https://lcdcompendium.com/archaism/) - In language, an archaism is a word, a meaning of a word, or a way of speaking or writing that was used in a time long ago, before people today were born. However, these words or styles are still used in some special situations, like in religion or law. Lexical archaisms are old words or phrases that are still used regularly in certain areas, such as law or religion, or used freely in some cases.
- [Apostrophe](https://lcdcompendium.com/apostrophe/) - The apostrophe ( ’ , ' ) is a punctuation mark used in languages that write with the Latin alphabet and some other alphabets. In English, the apostrophe has two main uses: It shows possession, such as in "the cat's toy" or "Sarah's book." It is also used in a few special cases to form plurals, like in "p's and q's" or "Oakland A's." The apostrophe can also act as a single quotation mark. Sometimes, it is used informally in place of other symbols, such as the prime symbol, to represent units like feet or minutes of arc.
- [Apologue](https://lcdcompendium.com/apologue/) - An apologue, also called an apolog, comes from the Greek word apologos, meaning "statement" or "account." It is a short story or symbolic tale that uses exaggerated or pointed details to teach a moral lesson or share useful advice without stating it directly. Unlike a fable, the main purpose of an apologue is to deliver a clear lesson rather than focus on the story itself. Like a parable, an apologue is a tool used in speeches or arguments to help persuade or convince someone.
- [Apollonian and Dionysian](https://lcdcompendium.com/apollonian-and-dionysian/) - The Apollonian and the Dionysian are ideas used in philosophy and literature. They come from two gods in Greek mythology, Apollo and Dionysus. These ideas became well-known because of a book called The Birth of Tragedy by Friedrich Nietzsche.
- [Apocope](https://lcdcompendium.com/apocope/) - In phonology, apocope (uh-POCK-uh-pee) is when a sound or sounds at the end of a word are omitted or deleted. This usually happens with the last vowel, but it can also involve the last consonant or even a whole syllable. For example, in spoken English, the "t" in the word "don't" is often left out in the phrase "I don't know," resulting in "I dunno." The word form that remains after apocope occurs is called an apocopation.
- [Aphorism](https://lcdcompendium.com/aphorism/) - An aphorism is a short and memorable statement that expresses a general truth or rule. The word comes from Greek, meaning "clear separation" or "clear difference." Aphorisms are often passed down through traditions over many years. This concept is different from other types of short sayings, such as adages, proverbs, or maxims.
- [Opposite](https://lcdcompendium.com/opposite/) - In the study of word meanings, opposites are words that cannot be true at the same time and are part of a pair. For example, if something is even, it cannot be odd. This is called a "binary" relationship because there are two parts in the pair.
- [Duilian (poetry)](https://lcdcompendium.com/duilian-poetry/) - In Chinese poetry, a duilian (simplified Chinese: 对联; traditional Chinese: 對聯; pinyin: duìlián) is a pair of lines that follow specific rules. They are often found on the sides of doors in homes or displayed as hanging scrolls inside rooms. While sometimes called Chinese couplets or antithetical couplets, they are better described as a written form of opposite but balanced phrases.
- [Antithesis](https://lcdcompendium.com/antithesis/) - Antithesis (plural: antitheses; from Greek, meaning "setting opposite") is a technique used in writing or speech. It can either present a statement that contrasts with or goes against a previous statement, or it can introduce two opposite ideas together to highlight their differences. Antithesis is a figure of speech that uses apparent opposite ideas, words, phrases, or sentences.
- [Antistrophe](https://lcdcompendium.com/antistrophe/) - Antistrophe (Ancient Greek: ἀντιστροφή, meaning "a turning back") is the part of an ode sung by the chorus when it moves back from west to east. This happens after the strophe, which is the part of the ode sung by the chorus as it moves from east to west.
- [Antinovel](https://lcdcompendium.com/antinovel/) - An antinovel is a type of story that tries new things. It does not use the usual ways that novels are written. Instead, it creates new rules or methods for telling the story.
- [Antimetabole](https://lcdcompendium.com/antimetabole/) - In rhetoric, antimetabole is a figure of speech where words are repeated in phrases that follow each other, but in swapped places. For example, "I know what I like, and I like what I know." This technique is connected to another figure of speech called chiasmus and is sometimes seen as a specific type of it. Antimetabole can be used to show what might happen next because the words are easy to reverse.
- [Anti-Romani sentiment](https://lcdcompendium.com/anti-romani-sentiment/) - Anti-Romani sentiment, also known as antigypsyism, antiziganism, or Romaphobia, refers to prejudice, discrimination, and hostility directed specifically at Romani people. This includes unfair treatment, racism, and fear of outsiders. The Romani people are believed to have moved from India to Europe during the Middle Ages.
- [Antihero](https://lcdcompendium.com/antihero/) - An antihero is a literary term used to describe a character who is different from a traditional hero. A traditional hero is usually someone who is respected by many people, admired by others, and has a clear purpose or role in a story. While antiheroes may do things that most people would consider heroic, they often continue these actions not because they believe they are the right person for the job, but because they feel they must do so.
- [Anticlimax(gastropod)](https://lcdcompendium.com/anticlimaxgastropod/) - Anticlimax is a type of sea snail. It belongs to the family Tornidae, which is part of the larger group called Truncatelloidea. These snails are marine gastropod mollusks.
- [Anthology](https://lcdcompendium.com/anthology/) - In book publishing, an anthology is a group of written works selected by an editor. These works can include plays, poems, short stories, songs, or parts of fiction and non-fiction books. Some anthologies are organized around specific themes or types of writing.
- [Ultima (linguistics)](https://lcdcompendium.com/ultima-linguistics/) - In the study of language, the ultima is the last syllable of a word, the penult is the second-to-last syllable, and the antepenult is the third syllable from the end. For example, in a word with three syllables, the first syllable is called the antepenult, the second is the penult, and the third is the ultima.
- [Antecedent (grammar)](https://lcdcompendium.com/antecedent-grammar/) - In grammar, an antecedent is a word that shows what a pronoun or other word refers to. For example, in the sentence "John arrived late because traffic held him up," the word "John" is the antecedent of the pronoun "him." Pronouns and other words that replace nouns usually come after their antecedents, but sometimes they come before them. When this happens, the more precise term is "postcedent," though this term is not often used separately from "antecedent" because the definition of antecedent usually includes both cases.
- [Antanaclasis](https://lcdcompendium.com/antanaclasis/) - Antanaclasis is a figure of speech where a word or phrase is used twice in the same sentence or passage, but with different meanings. The term comes from the Greek word "antanáklasis," which means "reflection." This technique is a kind of wordplay, often seen in slogans. It is commonly used to create a clever or memorable effect in writing or speaking.
- [Annotation](https://lcdcompendium.com/annotation/) - An annotation is additional information connected to a specific part of a document or piece of information. It can be a note that has a comment or explanation. Sometimes, annotations are written in the margins of book pages.
- [Annals](https://lcdcompendium.com/annals/) - Annals (Latin: annāles, from annus, "year") are short and to the point historical records that list events in order of time, year by year. Sometimes, the word "annals" is also used more generally to describe any type of historical record.
- [Anecdote](https://lcdcompendium.com/anecdote/) - An anecdote is a short story that has a purpose, such as explaining a general idea about a person, place, or thing by describing specific details or showing a unique characteristic. Anecdotes can be based on real events or made up, and they are often used in books and spoken stories. These stories usually include small exaggerations and exciting details to make them interesting.
- [Anastrophe](https://lcdcompendium.com/anastrophe/) - Anastrophe is a type of figure of speech where the usual order of words in a sentence is changed. Normally, a sentence follows the pattern of subject, verb, and object, such as "I like potatoes." Anastrophe rearranges these parts, for example, changing "I like potatoes" to "potatoes I like." Anastrophe is related to a concept called antimetabole, but it only moves one word in a sentence. This rearrangement helps create a special effect in writing or speech.
- [Anapaest](https://lcdcompendium.com/anapaest/) - An anapaest is a type of rhythm used in poetry. In classical poetry, it has two short syllables followed by one long syllable. In modern poetry, it has two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable.
- [Analogy](https://lcdcompendium.com/analogy/) - An analogy is a way to compare two things (or groups of things) because they share a common feature. In logic, analogy is a type of reasoning that compares two specific examples by showing how they are similar in some way. It is different from deduction, induction, and abduction.
- [Analogue (video game company)](https://lcdcompendium.com/analogue-video-game-company/) - Analogue, Inc. is an American company that creates, builds, and sells video game hardware. The company's hardware includes the Analogue Pocket, Analogue Mega Sg, Analogue Super Nt, Analogue Nt Mini, and Analogue Nt.
- [Flashback (narrative)](https://lcdcompendium.com/flashback-narrative/) - A flashback, which is also called analepsis, is a scene that takes the story back in time from the current point. Flashbacks are often used to show important events that happened before the main story to help explain the characters or plot. In the opposite direction, a flashforward, also called prolepsis, shows events that will happen in the future.
- [Anagnorisis](https://lcdcompendium.com/anagnorisis/) - Anagnorisis ( / ˌ æ n ə ɡ ˈ n ɒr ɪ s ɪ s / ; Ancient Greek: ἀναγνώρισις) is a moment in a play or story when a character makes an important discovery. The word originally meant recognizing someone or something in Ancient Greece, including understanding the importance of that person. In Aristotelian tragedy, anagnorisis refers to the hero suddenly understanding the true situation, realizing the actual state of things, and finally recognizing their relationship with a character who is often their enemy.
- [Anadiplosis](https://lcdcompendium.com/anadiplosis/) - Anadiplosis (pronounced AN-uh-di-PLOH-sis; from Greek: anadíplōsis, meaning "a doubling, folding up") is a rhetorical device where the last word of one sentence is repeated at the beginning of the next sentence. This technique is often used to create a sense of emphasis or to build toward a strong conclusion, known as a climax.
- [Anacrusis](https://lcdcompendium.com/anacrusis/) - In poetry and music, an anacrusis (from Ancient Greek: ἀνάκρουσις, anákrousis, meaning "pushing up") is a short introduction. In music, it is also called a pickup beat or fractional pick-up, which is a note or group of notes that comes before the first strong beat in a musical measure. An anacrusis is one or more syllables or notes that appear before the first foot of a poetic line (or the first syllable of that foot) in poetry.
- [Anachronism](https://lcdcompendium.com/anachronism/) - An anachronism is a mistake in the order of time. It happens when things from different time periods are placed together in a way that does not match the correct time. For example, this could involve people, events, objects, words, customs, or anything else from one time appearing in another time when they should not.
- [Allusion](https://lcdcompendium.com/allusion/) - An allusion is a type of figure of speech that refers to a person, place, object, or idea without naming it directly or explaining the connection. The audience must recognize the link on their own. If the connection is clearly explained, it is usually called a reference instead.
- [Alliteration](https://lcdcompendium.com/alliteration/) - Alliteration is the repetition of the same starting sound in words that are next to each other. This can be a consonant sound, like the "p" in "Peter," or a vowel sound if the words do not begin with consonants. It is often used as a literary device.
- [Allegory](https://lcdcompendium.com/allegory/) - An allegory is a type of story or picture in which characters, places, or events are used to show a deeper meaning, such as a moral or political message. Writers and artists have used allegories for a long time to explain difficult or complex ideas in ways that are easy to understand or leave a strong impression on people. Allegories often use symbols, such as characters that represent abstract ideas, or events that stand for larger themes.
- [Aisling](https://lcdcompendium.com/aisling/) - The aisling, which means "dream" or "vision" in Irish and is pronounced approximately "ASH-ling," is a type of poem that began in the late 1600s and 1700s in Irish language poetry. This poetic style is often called a "vision poem." The first syllable of the word always includes a "sh" sound, though the rest of the word may be pronounced in different ways. Many aisling poems are still sung today as traditional songs called sean-nós.
- [Adverb](https://lcdcompendium.com/adverb/) - An adverb is a word or phrase that usually describes a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a determiner, a clause, a preposition, or a sentence. Adverbs often answer questions like how, where, when, how often, to what degree, or how certain something is. This is known as the adverbial function, and it can be carried out by a single adverb, an adverbial phrase, or an adverbial clause.
- [Adjective](https://lcdcompendium.com/adjective/) - An adjective (shortened as ADJ) is a word that describes or gives more details about a noun or a group of words that include a noun. Its purpose is to add information to the noun. Adjectives are one of the main types of words in English.
- [Proverb](https://lcdcompendium.com/proverb/) - A proverb, which comes from the Latin word proverbium, or an adage is a short, traditional saying that shares a belief based on common sense or life experiences. Proverbs are often metaphorical and use set phrases. A proverbial phrase or expression is a type of saying similar to proverbs, passed down through spoken traditions.
- [ACT (test)](https://lcdcompendium.com/act-test/) - The ACT (pronounced AY-see-tee; originally an abbreviation of American College Testing) is a standardized test used for college admissions in the United States. It is administered by ACT, Inc., a for-profit organization with the same name. The ACT test covers three academic skill areas: English, mathematics, and reading.
- [Acrostic](https://lcdcompendium.com/acrostic/) - An acrostic is a type of poem or writing where the first letter of each line (or paragraph) spells out a word, message, or the alphabet. The word "acrostic" comes from French and Latin, which trace back to Greek words meaning "topmost" and "verse." As a form of writing with rules, an acrostic can help people remember information. When the last letter of each line forms a word, it is called a telestich.
- [Accentual verse](https://lcdcompendium.com/accentual-verse/) - In poetry, accentual verse uses a set number of stresses in each line. This happens even if the number of syllables changes. It is often found in stress-timed languages, like English.
- [Acatalexis](https://lcdcompendium.com/acatalexis/) - An acatalectic line of verse is a line that has the correct number of syllables in its final foot. In English poetry, this term may not be as important as its opposite, catalectic, because acatalectic lines are the usual case in most types of poetry. Therefore, it is rarely necessary to mention acatalectic lines directly.
- [Abecedarius](https://lcdcompendium.com/abecedarius/) - An abecedarius (also called abecedary or abecedarian) is a special kind of acrostic poem. In this type of poem, the first letter of each word, line, or section follows the order of the alphabet, starting with A and ending with Z.
- [Herman Voaden Playwriting Competition](https://lcdcompendium.com/herman-voaden-playwriting-competition/) - The Herman Voaden Playwriting Competition is a literary award given every two years by Queen's University to plays written by Canadian playwrights. The award was started in 1997 and is funded by a gift from the late playwright Herman Voaden to the university. The competition gives a first prize of $3,000 and a second prize of $2,000.
- [Governor General's Awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/governor-generals-awards/) - The Governor General's Awards are a group of yearly honors given by Canada's Governor General to celebrate achievements in many areas, such as education, art, and community work. The first award was started and began in 1937 by Lord Tweedsmuir, a person who wrote many books about real and imaginary events; he created the Governor General's Literary Award with two categories. Later governors general also created awards for areas they personally valued.
- [Griffin Poetry Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/griffin-poetry-prize/) - The Griffin Poetry Prize is a Canadian award for poetry. It was created in 2000 by businessman and philanthropist Scott Griffin. Before 2022, two separate awards were given to one Canadian poet and one international poet who writes in English.
- [Gerald Lampert Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/gerald-lampert-award/) - The Gerald Lampert Memorial Award is an annual award for literature given by the League of Canadian Poets to the best poetry book published by a writer who has never written a book before. The award is given in honor of Gerald Lampert, a person who supported poetry. Each winner receives a cash prize of $1000.
- [Geoffrey Bilson Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/geoffrey-bilson-award/) - The Geoffrey Bilson Award for Historical Fiction for Young People is a Canadian book award given annually to the best historical fiction book written for young readers. The award is named after Geoffrey Bilson, a writer of historical fiction for young people and a history teacher at the University of Saskatchewan, who passed away in 1987. A group of experts chosen by the Canadian Children's Book Centre selects the winner.
- [Edna Staebler Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/edna-staebler-award/) - The Edna Staebler Award for Creative Non-Fiction is an annual award that honors the best creative nonfiction book from the previous year. The book must be written by a Canadian author and focus on a Canadian place or topic. It must also be the author’s first or second published book of any kind.
- [Dayne Ogilvie Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/dayne-ogilvie-prize/) - The Dayne Ogilvie Prize for LGBTQ Emerging Writers is a Canadian literary award given each year by the Writers' Trust of Canada to a Canadian writer who is part of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer community. At first, the prize was given for a writer's overall work, but since 2022, it has been awarded to recognize a writer's first book. It is one of two literary awards in Canada that support the LGBTQ community, along with the Blue Metropolis Violet Prize, which honors established writers.
- [Danuta Gleed Literary Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/danuta-gleed-literary-award/) - The Danuta Gleed Literary Award is a Canadian prize given since 1998. It honors the best first book of short stories written by a Canadian author in English. The award was started by John Gleed to remember his wife, Danuta Gleed, a Canadian writer who loved short stories.
- [Carol Bolt Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/carol-bolt-award/) - The Carol Bolt Award is a yearly Canadian literary award. The Playwrights Guild of Canada gives the award to a member whose play has its first performance and is chosen as the best play of the year. The award is named in memory of Carol Bolt, a Canadian playwright.
- [Canadian Jewish Book Awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/canadian-jewish-book-awards/) - The Helen and Stan Vine Canadian Jewish Book Awards were a Canadian program that gave literary awards each year. The Koffler Centre of the Arts organized, created, and presented these awards to works considered the best in literature by Jewish Canadian writers or about Jewish culture and history. In December 2014, the Koffler Centre of the Arts said the Awards would be paused for 2015.
- [Canada Reads](https://lcdcompendium.com/canada-reads/) - Canada Reads is an annual "battle of the books" competition organized and broadcast by Canada's public broadcaster, the CBC. The program has two different versions: the English-language Canada Reads on CBC Radio One, and the French-language Le Combat des livres on Ici Radio-Canada Première. The English version has been on the air every year since 2002.
- [Burt Award for First Nations, Inuit and Métis Literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/burt-award-for-first-nations-inuit-and-metis-literature/) - The Burt Award for First Nations, Inuit and Métis Literature is a Canadian literary award given each year to the best young adult books written by Indigenous authors in Canada. The award is supported by the Canadian Organization for Development through Education (CODE), a Canadian charity focused on literacy and education, and by donor William Burt. It is managed by the Canada Council.
- [Atlantic Book Awards & Festival](https://lcdcompendium.com/atlantic-book-awards-festival/) - The Atlantic Book Awards & Festival is an annual event that honors books and illustrations by Atlantic Canadian authors. Free events happen in all four Atlantic provinces (Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia). The main event is the awards ceremony, where 13 different literary awards are given out.
- [Crime Writers of Canada Awards of Excellence](https://lcdcompendium.com/crime-writers-of-canada-awards-of-excellence/) - The Crime Writers of Canada Awards of Excellence, previously called the Arthur Ellis Awards, are a set of Canadian literary awards given each year to recognize the best crime and mystery writing published in Canada the year before. The awards are presented in May of the year following publication. At first, the awards were named after Arthur Ellis, a false name used by several official hangmen in Canada, with the first and most well-known being Arthur B.
- [Vicky Pryce](https://lcdcompendium.com/vicky-pryce/) - Vasiliki "Vicky" Pryce (born July 15, 1952) is a British economist who was born in Greece. She previously held the position of Joint Head of the United Kingdom's Government Economic Service. Currently, she works as the Chief Economic Adviser at the Centre for Economics and Business Research in London.
- [Marsh Award for Children's Literature in Translation](https://lcdcompendium.com/marsh-award-for-childrens-literature-in-translation/) - The Marsh Award for Children's Literature in Translation was an award given in the United Kingdom from 1996 to 2017. It honored the translator of an excellent book written for young readers and translated into English. The award was given every two years and was supported by the Marsh Christian Trust.
- [Costa Book Awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/costa-book-awards/) - The Costa Book Awards were a group of yearly awards that honored English-language books written by authors from the UK and Ireland. First called the Whitbread Book Awards from 1971 to 2005, the awards were named after their first sponsor, the Whitbread company, which was a brewery and owned bars and restaurants. In 2005, the name changed when Costa Coffee, a company owned by Whitbread, took over as the sponsor.
- [Women's Prize for Non-Fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/womens-prize-for-non-fiction/) - The Women’s Prize for Non-Fiction is an award for non-fiction books written by women. It is a related prize to the Women's Prize for Fiction. The prize was announced in February 2023 and will give its first award in 2024 for books published in 2023.
- [Women's Prize for Fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/womens-prize-for-fiction/) - The Women's Prize for Fiction is one of the United Kingdom's most prestigious literary prizes. It was previously known as the Orange Prize for Fiction (1996–2006 and 2009–2012), the Orange Broadband Prize for Fiction (2007–2008), and the Baileys Women's Prize for Fiction (2014–2017). The prize is given each year to a female author from any country for the best original long novel written in English and published in the United Kingdom the year before.
- [Waverton Good Read Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/waverton-good-read-award/) - The Waverton Good Read Award was created in 2003 by people living in Waverton, Chester, England. It was inspired by Le Prix de la Cadière d'Azur, a literary prize given by a village in Provence, France. The award considers adult books that are a writer's first novel, written by someone living in the United Kingdom, and published in the past twelve months.
- [T. S. Eliot Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/t-s-eliot-prize/) - The T. S. Eliot Prize for Poetry is an award given to poets by the T.
- [Somerset Maugham Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/somerset-maugham-award/) - The Somerset Maugham Award is a British literary prize given each year by the Society of Authors. William Somerset Maugham set up the award in 1947 to help young writers improve their work by gaining experience in foreign countries. The award is given to writers under the age of 35 whose work was published in the year before the award.
- [Orwell Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/orwell-prize/) - The Orwell Prize is a British award given for political writing. It is managed by The Orwell Foundation, an independent charity (registered charity number 1161563, previously called "The Orwell Prize") and led by a group of trustees. Each year, five prizes are given: one for a fiction book about politics (started in 2019), one for a non-fiction book about politics, one for journalism, one for "Exposing Britain's Social Evils" (started in 2015), and one for reporting or commentary on homelessness (established in 2023, after being paused between 2012 and 2026).
- [Newdigate Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/newdigate-prize/) - Sir Roger Newdigate's Prize, also known as the Newdigate Prize, is given by the University of Oxford for the best poem written in English by an undergraduate student. The prize was created in 1806 to honor Sir Roger Newdigate, who lived from 1719 to 1806. The winning poem is shared during a special event called Encaenia.
- [James Tait Black Memorial Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/james-tait-black-memorial-prize/) - The James Tait Black Memorial Prizes are awards given to books written in the English language. These prizes, along with the Hawthornden Prize, are the oldest literary awards in Britain. Located at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, United Kingdom, the prizes were started in 1919 by Janet Coats Black to honor her late husband, James Tait Black, who was a partner at the publishing company A & C Black Ltd.
- [International Rubery Book Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/international-rubery-book-award/) - The Rubery International Book Award was created in 2010 and is operated independently. It is the biggest cash prize given to books published by independent publishers and self-published authors in Great Britain. The London Review of Books called it "independent publishing's response to the Booktrust and the Orange Prize." The Alliance of Independent Authors stated that "those who hold the respected Rubery Award [...] should be considered to have a quality endorsement." In 2012, the award received submissions from five continents.
- [International Booker Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/international-booker-prize/) - The International Booker Prize, formerly called the Man Booker International Prize, is a literary award held in the United Kingdom. In June 2004, the International Prize was introduced to go along with the Man Booker Prize, which was its original name. From 2005 to 2015, the award was given every two years to a living author of any nationality.
- [Hawthornden Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/hawthornden-prize/) - The Hawthornden Prize is a British literary award given each year to a British, Irish, or British-based author for a work of "imaginative literature," such as poetry, novels, history, biography, or creative non-fiction, published in the previous year. The prize is for books written in English, not for translated works. Authors who have previously won the prize cannot be considered for the shortlist.
- [Forward Prizes for Poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/forward-prizes-for-poetry/) - The Forward Prizes for Poetry are important awards in the UK that honor poetry. They are given every year at a public event in London. These awards were started in 1992 by William Sieghart to celebrate great poetry and help more people enjoy it.
- [Duff Cooper Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/duff-cooper-prize/) - The Pol Roger Duff Cooper Prize is a literary award given each year for the best book written in history, biography, political science, or sometimes poetry, in English or French. The prize was created to honor Duff Cooper, a British diplomat, government official, and writer. It was first given in 1956 to Alan Moorehead for his book Gallipoli.
- [Dundee International Book Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/dundee-international-book-prize/) - The Dundee International Book Prize was given from 2000 to 2016. It called itself the UK's top prize for first-time novel writers. The prize included a cash award of £5,000.
- [Chancellor's Gold Medal](https://lcdcompendium.com/chancellors-gold-medal/) - The Chancellor's Gold Medal is an annual award for poetry given to undergraduate students at the University of Cambridge. It is similar to Oxford University's Newdigate Prize. The medal was first given by Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh, during his time as Chancellor of the University of Cambridge.
- [British Book Awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/british-book-awards/) - The British Book Awards, also known as the Nibbies, are awards given to the best writers and their books from the United Kingdom. These awards are managed by The Bookseller. Since they began in 1990, the awards have changed names, owners, and sponsors over time.
- [Betty Trask Prize and Awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/betty-trask-prize-and-awards/) - The Betty Trask Prize and Awards are given to first novels written by authors who are under 35 years old and live in a current or former Commonwealth country. Each year, the awards total at least £20,000. Usually, one author receives a larger amount (such as £10,000 in recent years), called the "Prize," while the remaining money is shared among other nominees, called the "Awards." These awards were created in 1984 by the Society of Authors through the gift of Betty Trask, a private author who wrote more than thirty romance novels.
- [Baillie Gifford Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/baillie-gifford-prize/) - The Baillie Gifford Prize for Non-Fiction, which was previously called the Samuel Johnson Prize, is a yearly British award given to the best non-fiction books written in English. It was created in 1999 after the NCR Book Award ended. The prize uses the motto "All the best stories are true" and includes categories such as current events, history, politics, science, sports, travel, biography, autobiography, and the arts.
- [Bessie Head Short Story Awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/bessie-head-short-story-awards/) - The Bessie Head Short Story Awards, also known as the Bessie Head Literature Awards from 2007 to 2013, is a literary award in Botswana. It was created in 2007 and is managed by the Bessie Head Heritage Trust. This trust was formed in June 2007 to honor the life and work of Bessie Head.
- [Bangla Academy Literary Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/bangla-academy-literary-award/) - The Bangla Academy Literary Award (Bengali: বাংলা একাডেমি সাহিত্য পুরস্কার; Bangla Academy Shahitya Puroshkar) is presented by the Bangla Academy of Bangladesh to honor individuals who show great talent in helping to improve and contribute to the Bengali language and literature. This award was first created in 1960 and recognized six categories: poetry, novels, short stories, essays, children's literature, and translation. In 1985, two additional awards were added to celebrate overall contributions to Bengali language and literature.
- [Western Australian Premier's Book Awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/western-australian-premiers-book-awards/) - The Western Australian Premier's Book Awards is an annual book award given out by the Government of Western Australia. It is run by the State Library of Western Australia.
- [Victorian Premier's Literary Awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/victorian-premiers-literary-awards/) - The Victorian Premier's Literary Awards were started by the Victorian Government to help people know more about modern writing by living authors and Australia's book industry. In 2013, it was reported to be Australia's most valuable literary award, with the top winner receiving A$125,000 and winners in other categories receiving A$25,000 each. The awards were created in 1985 by John Cain, who was the Premier of Victoria at the time, to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the births of Vance and Nettie Palmer.
- [South Australian Literary Awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/south-australian-literary-awards/) - The South Australian Literary Awards, previously called the Adelaide Festival Awards for Literature until 2024, are a set of literary awards given every two years. They were created in 1986 by the Government of South Australia. Before 2024, the awards were announced during Adelaide Writers' Week in March, as part of the Adelaide Festival.
- [Queensland Premier's Literary Awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/queensland-premiers-literary-awards/) - The Queensland Premier's Literary Awards were a set of literary awards in Australia that began in 1999 and ended in 2012. These awards were among the most generous in Australia, offering $225,000 in total prize money across 14 categories, with some categories giving up to $25,000. When the awards were created, they included existing awards such as the Steele Rudd Award for the best Australian collection of new short fiction and the David Unaipon Award for unpublished Indigenous writing.
- [New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/new-south-wales-premiers-literary-awards/) - The New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards, also called the NSW Premier's Literary Awards, were first given in 1979. These awards are some of the most valuable literary prizes in Australia. Some important awards include the Christina Stead Prize for Fiction, the Kenneth Slessor Prize for Poetry, and the Douglas Stewart Prize for Non-Fiction.
- [Miles Franklin Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/miles-franklin-award/) - The Miles Franklin Literary Award is a yearly prize given to a novel that shows Australian life in many ways and has excellent writing. The award was created based on the wishes of Miles Franklin, who lived from 1879 to 1954. She is most famous for writing the Australian classic My Brilliant Career, published in 1901.
- [Chief Minister's Northern Territory Book History Awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/chief-ministers-northern-territory-book-history-awards/) - The Chief Minister's Northern Territory History Book Award is the top prize for books about the history of the Northern Territory. It is given to the best works that focus on this region's past.
- [The Australian/Vogel Literary Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/the-australianvogel-literary-award/) - The Australian Vogel Literary Award was a literary prize in Australia for books that had not been published before, given to writers who were younger than 35 years old. The prize included AUD $20,000, which was the largest amount of money and the most respected award for an unpublished book in Australia. Allen & Unwin promised to publish the winning book.
- [Aurealis Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/aurealis-award/) - The Aurealis Award for Excellence in Speculative Fiction is an annual award given each year for Australian science fiction, fantasy, and horror fiction. Only Australians are eligible for the award.
- [ACT Book of the Year Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/act-book-of-the-year-award/) - The ACT Book of the Year Award is a yearly prize of $10,000 given for a literary work, such as fiction, nonfiction, or poetry, written by an author from the Australian Capital Territory. The award began in 1993 with a prize of $5,000. It highlights the skills and achievements of local authors and aims to encourage people who have an idea for a book to start writing.
- [Willis Barnstone Translation Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/willis-barnstone-translation-prize/) - The Willis Barnstone Translation Prize is an annual award given for an outstanding translation of a poem from any language into English. The prize was started in 2002 by the University of Evansville and has been given every year since 2003. The award honors Willis Barnstone, a well-known poet and translator, and he has judged the contest each year.
- [Academy of American Poets First Book Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/academy-of-american-poets-first-book-award/) - The Academy of American Poets First Book Award is a poetry prize managed by the Academy of American Poets. The award was named after poet Walt Whitman from 1975 to 2020. It is given to American poets who have not yet published a book, based on their competition entries of full-length poetry manuscripts.
- [Academy of American Poets](https://lcdcompendium.com/academy-of-american-poets/) - The Academy of American Poets is a national organization supported by its members. It works to support poets and the art of poetry. The nonprofit group was created in New York in 1934.
- [Tomás Rivera Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/tomas-rivera-award/) - The Tomás Rivera Mexican American Children's Book Award honors authors and illustrators who create books that show the Mexican American experience. This award was started in 1995 by the College of Education at Texas State University to celebrate Tomás Rivera, a notable graduate who was an educator, poet, and writer. His works focused on the challenges faced by Mexican migrant farmers.
- [The Story Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/the-story-prize/) - The Story Prize is a yearly book award started in 2004. It gives a prize of $20,000 to the author of a collection of short stories that is considered outstanding. Each of the two runners-up receives $5,000.
- [Stonewall Book Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/stonewall-book-award/) - The Stonewall Book Award is a group of three literary awards that honor books with excellent stories about LGBTQIA+ people. These awards focus on English-language books, mostly those published in the United States. As of 2026, the categories are the Barbara Gittings Literature Award, the Israel Fishman Non-Fiction Award, and the Mike Morgan and Larry Romans Children's and Young Adult Literature Award.
- [Stone Award for Literary Achievement](https://lcdcompendium.com/stone-award-for-literary-achievement/) - The Stone Award for Literary Achievement is a prize that honors American writers with widely praised books. These writers also help train younger authors. Oregon State University created the award in 2011, thanks to a gift from Patrick and Vicki Stone.
- [St. Louis Literary Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/st-louis-literary-award/) - The St. Louis Literary Award has been given every year since 1967 to an important person in literature. The Saint Louis University Library Associates support this award.
- [St. Francis College Literary Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/st-francis-college-literary-prize/) - The St. Francis College Literary Prize is a literary award given every two years. It was started in 2009.
- [Spur Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/spur-award/) - Spur Awards are literary prizes given each year by the Western Writers of America (WWA). These awards recognize writers for outstanding writing about the American West. The Spur Awards began in 1953, the same year the WWA was created.
- [Sophie Brody Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/sophie-brody-award/) - The Sophie Brody Award (Sophie Brody Medal) is an annual award given by the American Library Association and managed by the Reference and User Services Association (RUSA). It honors the best books about Jewish culture and history published in the United States the year before the award is given. The award was created in 2006.
- [Scott Moncrieff Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/scott-moncrieff-prize/) - The Scott Moncrieff Prize was created in 1965 and is named after the translator C. K. Scott Moncrieff.
- [RUSA awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/rusa-awards/) - The Reference and User Services Association (RUSA) is part of the American Library Association (ALA). In 1972, the Adult Services Division and the Reference Services Division of the ALA were combined into the Reference and Adult Services Division (RASD). RUSA was formed in 1996.
- [Raiziss and de Palchi Translation Awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/raiziss-and-de-palchi-translation-awards/) - The Raiziss and de Palchi Translation Awards were created in 1995 by Sonia Raiziss Giop. She left a gift to The New York Community Trust. Sonia was a poet, translator, and editor who worked at Chelsea.
- [Quill Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/quill-award/) - The Quill Award was an American literary award that lasted for three years, from 2005 to 2007. It was an award started by readers to encourage reading and help improve literacy. The Quills Foundation, the group behind the award, received support from several well-known media companies, including Reed Business Information, which was the parent company of Publishers Weekly, NBC Universal Television Stations, Parade Magazine, Borders, Barnes & Noble, and the American Booksellers Association.
- [Pushcart Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/pushcart-prize/) - The Pushcart Prize is a literary award in the United States, created by Pushcart Press. It recognizes outstanding poetry, short stories, essays, and other creative writing published by small presses in the past year. Editors from magazines and small book publishers are invited to submit up to six works they have published.
- [Publishing Innovation Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/publishing-innovation-award/) - The Digital Book World Publishing Innovation Award is a literary award supported by the magazine Digital Book World. It recognizes creativity and progress in electronic books. The award was introduced in 2010, with the first ceremony held on January 24, 2011.
- [Premio Aztlán Literary Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/premio-aztlan-literary-prize/) - The Premio Aztlán Literary Prize is a national award for new Chicana and Chicano writers. It was started in 1993 by Rudolfo and Patricia Anaya. At first, the University of New Mexico supported the award, but in 2008, the National Hispanic Cultural Center took over the support.
- [Poets' Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/poets-prize/) - The Poets' Prize is given every year for the best book of poetry published by a living American poet in the two years before the award year. The prize, which is $3000, is donated by a group of about 20 American poets. Each member of this group nominates two books and also helps judge the competition.
- [PEN/Ralph Manheim Medal for Translation](https://lcdcompendium.com/penralph-manheim-medal-for-translation/) - The PEN/Ralph Manheim Medal for Translation, named after U.S. translator Ralph Manheim, is a literary award given every three years by PEN America (the U.S. chapter of International PEN) to a translator who has shown dedication to high-quality work throughout their career.
- [PEN Open Book Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/pen-open-book-award/) - The PEN Open Book Award (called the Beyond Margins Award until 2009) is an award designed to help increase the variety of races and ethnic groups in the literary and publishing fields. It also works to give more opportunities to writers from different backgrounds to join the publishing industry. The award was started in 1991 by the PEN American Center (now known as PEN America).
- [PEN Oakland awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/pen-oakland-awards/) - The PEN Oakland/Josephine Miles Literary Award supports U.S. writers from diverse cultural and racial backgrounds. Its goal is to celebrate excellent writing and to help the public and media understand multicultural works.
- [PEN/Malamud Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/penmalamud-award/) - The PEN/Bernard and Ann Malamud Award recognizes "outstanding work in writing short stories." It is given every year by the PEN/Faulkner Foundation. The group that chooses the winner includes directors from the PEN/Faulkner Foundation. The award was first presented in 1988.
- [PEN/Hemingway Award for Debut Novel](https://lcdcompendium.com/penhemingway-award-for-debut-novel/) - The PEN/Hemingway Award for Debut Novel is given each year to a full-length novel or book of short stories written by an American author who has not previously published a full-length fiction book. The award is named after Ernest Hemingway and is supported by the Hemingway family and the Ernest Hemingway Foundation/Society. PEN America manages the award.
- [PEN/Heim Translation Fund Grants](https://lcdcompendium.com/penheim-translation-fund-grants/) - The PEN/Heim Translation Fund Grants were created in 2003 by PEN America (formerly PEN American Center) after receiving a $730,000 donation from Michael Henry Heim, a well-known literary translator. Heim noticed that very few translated books from other languages were being published in English. The goal of the grants is to help bring more translated books from around the world into English so more people can read them.
- [PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/penfaulkner-award-for-fiction/) - The PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction is given each year by the PEN/Faulkner Foundation to American authors, Green Card holders, or permanent residents who write the best fiction of the year. The winner receives $15,000, and each of four runners-up receives $5,000. At the ceremony in Washington, D.C., judges read statements about each finalist's work.
- [PEN Translation Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/pen-translation-prize/) - The PEN Translation Prize (previously called the PEN/Book-of-the-Month Club Translation Prize until 2008) is an annual award given by PEN America (formerly known as PEN American Center) to recognize excellent translations into English. Since 1963, the prize has been presented each year by PEN America and the Book of the Month Club. It was the first award in the United States created specifically to honor literary translators.
- [PEN Award for Poetry in Translation](https://lcdcompendium.com/pen-award-for-poetry-in-translation/) - The PEN Award for Poetry in Translation is given by PEN America (formerly PEN American Center) to recognize a poetry translation published in the previous year. This award should not be confused with the PEN Translation Prize. It is one of many awards supported by International PEN in more than 145 PEN centers worldwide.
- [Helmerich Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/helmerich-award/) - The Peggy V. Helmerich Distinguished Author Award is an American literary prize given by the Tulsa Library Trust in Tulsa, Oklahoma. It is given every year to an author who is well-known around the world and has created an important collection of writings that helped shape the world of writing and books.
- [Outstanding Latino/a Cultural Award in Literary Arts or Publications](https://lcdcompendium.com/outstanding-latinoa-cultural-award-in-literary-arts-or-publications/) - The Outstanding Latino/a Cultural Award in Literary Arts or Publications is one of many awards given by the American Association of Hispanics in Higher Education, Inc. (AAHHE). This award is also supported by AT&T.
- [Oregon Book Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/oregon-book-award/) - The Oregon Book Awards are given every year by Literary Arts, Inc., an organization based in Portland, Oregon, United States. These awards recognize the best work by Oregon writers in genres such as poetry, fiction, graphic literature, drama, literary nonfiction, and books for young readers. The Oregon Book Award was started in 1987 by Brian Booth and the Oregon Institute for Literary Arts (OILA).
- [O. Henry Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/o-henry-award/) - The O. Henry Award is an American prize given every year to short stories of very high quality. The award is named after the American short-story writer O.
- [Newbery Medal](https://lcdcompendium.com/newbery-medal/) - The John Newbery Medal, often called the Newbery, is a literary award given by the Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC), a part of the American Library Association (ALA). It is awarded to the author of "the most distinguished contributions to American literature for children." The Newbery and the Caldecott Medal are the two most respected awards for children's books in the United States. Books that win are often very popular and widely available in bookstores and libraries.
- [Native Writers' Circle of the Americas](https://lcdcompendium.com/native-writers-circle-of-the-americas/) - The Native Writers' Circle of the Americas (NWCA) is a group for writers who are Native American, First Nations, or have Native American heritage. Each year, the organization gives literary awards to writers in three categories. These awards are decided by voting among member writers.
- [National Translation Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/national-translation-award/) - The National Translation Award is given every year by the American Literary Translators Association to translators who have done an excellent job of bringing high-quality books into English. These translators show the original book's artistic qualities well. Since 2015, the award has been given in two categories: prose and poetry.
- [National Poetry Series](https://lcdcompendium.com/national-poetry-series/) - The National Poetry Series is an American literary awards program. Since 1979, the National Poetry Series has helped publish five poetry books each year. Poets can submit their work through an open competition each year.
- [National Outdoor Book Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/national-outdoor-book-award/) - The National Outdoor Book Award (NOBA) was created in 1997 as a non-profit program in the United States. Each year, it gives awards to recognize the best books and publications about outdoor activities. The program is located at Idaho State University and is led by Ron Watters.
- [List of winners of the National Jewish Book Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/list-of-winners-of-the-national-jewish-book-award/) - This is a list of the winners of the National Jewish Book Award by category. The awards were created in 1950 to honor excellent Jewish books. The awards are given by the Jewish Book Council, a nonprofit organization based in New York.
- [National Hispanic Cultural Center](https://lcdcompendium.com/national-hispanic-cultural-center/) - The National Hispanic Cultural Center is a center in Albuquerque, New Mexico, focused on Hispanic culture, arts, and humanities. The campus covers 20 acres and is located along the Rio Grande in Albuquerque, on Avenida César Chávez and 4th Street. The NHCC hosts 700 events each year and includes three theatres, an art museum, library, genealogy center, Spanish-language resource center, two restaurants (Pop Fizz Paleteria and La Fonda del Bosque), and the largest concave fresco in North America.
- [National Book Critics Circle Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/national-book-critics-circle-award/) - The National Book Critics Circle Awards are given each year by the National Book Critics Circle (NBCC) to recognize the best books and reviews written in English. The first awards were announced and presented on January 16, 1976. According to The New York Times, these awards, along with the National Book Awards and the Pulitzer Prizes, are among the most respected literary prizes in the United States.
- [National Book Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/national-book-award/) - The National Book Awards (NBA) are annual literary awards given in the United States. Each November, the National Book Foundation presents the National Book Awards and two lifetime achievement awards to authors at the final ceremony. The awards were first created in 1936 by the American Booksellers Association.
- [Michael Braude Award for Light Verse](https://lcdcompendium.com/michael-braude-award-for-light-verse/) - The Michael Braude Award for Light Verse is given every two years for light verse written in English, no matter where the author is from. The American Academy of Arts and Letters presents the award, and it includes a $5,000 payment. Mrs.
- [San Francisco Foundation](https://lcdcompendium.com/san-francisco-foundation-3/) - The San Francisco Foundation is a nonprofit organization based in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is one of the largest community foundations in the United States. The organization's goal is to bring together community leaders, nonprofits, government agencies, and donors to promote equal rights, respect for different backgrounds, and fair economic opportunities.
- [Los Angeles TimesBook Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/los-angeles-timesbook-prize/) - Since 1980, the Los Angeles Times has given out annual book awards. The Los Angeles Times Book Prize now has nine categories: biography, current interest, fiction, first fiction (the Art Seidenbaum Award, added in 1991), history, mystery/thriller (added in 2000), poetry, science and technology (added in 1989), and young adult fiction (added in 1998). Additionally, the Robert Kirsch Award is given each year to a living author who has a strong connection to the American West.
- [Lannan Literary Awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/lannan-literary-awards/) - The Lannan Literary Awards are a group of awards and fellowships given by the Lannan Foundation in the United States. These awards were created in 1989 to recognize both well-known and new writers whose work is of very high quality. According to the foundation, these awards are among the most valuable in literature.
- [Lambda Literary Awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/lambda-literary-awards/) - The Lambda Literary Awards, also called the "Lammys," are given each year by Lambda Literary to honor the work of LGBTQ+ writers in influencing the world. These awards celebrate the best books written by LGBTQ+ authors. The Lambda Literary Awards are the most complete set of awards in the United States that focus on LGBTQ+ literature.
- [The Kingsley and Kate Tufts Poetry Awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/the-kingsley-and-kate-tufts-poetry-awards-2/) - The Kingsley and Kate Tufts Poetry Awards are two American prizes located at Claremont Graduate University. These awards are given to poets for their collections of poetry written in English by citizens or legal resident aliens of the United States. The Kingsley Tufts Poetry Award is a $100,000 prize given to a poet who is in the middle of their career and has already written many poems.
- [The Kingsley and Kate Tufts Poetry Awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/the-kingsley-and-kate-tufts-poetry-awards/) - The Kingsley and Kate Tufts Poetry Awards are two American prizes located at Claremont Graduate University. These awards are given to poets for their collections of poetry written in English by citizens or legal residents of the United States. The Kingsley Tufts Poetry Award is a $100,000 prize given to a poet who is still developing their career but has already published a collection of poems.
- [San Francisco Foundation](https://lcdcompendium.com/san-francisco-foundation-2/) - The San Francisco Foundation is a nonprofit organization located in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is one of the biggest community foundations in the United States. The foundation's goal is to bring together community leaders, nonprofit groups, government agencies, and donors to promote racial fairness, diversity, and equal economic opportunities.
- [John Esten Cooke](https://lcdcompendium.com/john-esten-cooke/) - John Esten Cooke was born on November 3, 1830, and died on September 27, 1886. He was an American novelist, writer, and poet. He was the brother of Philip Pendleton Cooke, who was also a poet.
- [Janet Heidinger Kafka Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/janet-heidinger-kafka-prize/) - The Janet Heidinger Kafka Prize is a literary award given every year to an American woman for the best long book that tells a story. The award has been given by the Susan B. Anthony Institute for Gender and Women's Studies and the Department of English at the University of Rochester since 1975.
- [James Jones Literary Society](https://lcdcompendium.com/james-jones-literary-society/) - The James Jones Literary Society is a group that celebrates American author James Jones by supporting many writing awards.
- [San Francisco Foundation](https://lcdcompendium.com/san-francisco-foundation/) - The San Francisco Foundation is a nonprofit organization based in the San Francisco Bay Area. It is one of the largest community foundations in the United States. The foundation works to bring together community leaders, nonprofit groups, government agencies, and donors to promote fair treatment for all races, support diversity, and help people from all backgrounds have equal opportunities.
- [Hopwood Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/hopwood-award/) - The Hopwood Awards are a major scholarship program at the University of Michigan, created by Avery Hopwood. According to Avery Hopwood's will, one-fifth of his estate was given to the university's regents to support writing creative works. Avery Hopwood was a well-known American playwright and a 1905 graduate of the University of Michigan.
- [Helen and Kurt Wolff Translator's Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/helen-and-kurt-wolff-translators-prize/) - The Helen and Kurt Wolff Translator's Prize is a yearly award named after German-American publishers Helen and Kurt Wolff. It recognizes a top literary translation from German to English, published in the United States the year before. The translator who completes the winning translation receives $10,000.
- [PEN American Center inactive awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/pen-american-center-inactive-awards/) - The PEN America Literary Awards are considered to be some of the most important American literary prizes. These awards are part of many PEN awards supported by International PEN, which has more than 145 PEN centers worldwide. Some awards that were once given by the PEN American Center, which is now called PEN America, are no longer presented.
- [Gotham Book Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/gotham-book-prize/) - The Gotham Book Prize is a $50,000 award given every year to a book that is either fiction or non-fiction and is chosen as the best book about or set in New York City. The award was created by business investor Bradley Tusk and political consultant Howard Wolfson.
- [Goldsmith Book Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/goldsmith-book-prize/) - The award is given to books that help improve government by studying how the press, politics, and public policy connect. It is given to the best book published the year before, based on how well it meets this goal. The first prize was given in 1993.
- [Flannery O'Connor Award for Short Fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/flannery-oconnor-award-for-short-fiction/) - The Flannery O'Connor Award for Short Fiction is a yearly prize given by the University of Georgia Press to a North American writer. The winner is chosen through a contest where judges do not know the writers' names. The winning collection of short stories is then published by the University of Georgia Press.
- [Fabri Literary Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/fabri-literary-prize/) - The Fabri Literary Prize was created in 2006 to honor Frances Fabri, a Holocaust survivor. Frances Fabri led efforts in the United States to record stories from Holocaust survivors, helping to develop the interview methods now widely used. She respected the skill of storytelling and spent her adult life writing about her experiences in concentration camps and recording oral histories of other survivors.
- [Ernest J. Gaines Award for Literary Excellence](https://lcdcompendium.com/ernest-j-gaines-award-for-literary-excellence/) - The Ernest J. Gaines Award for Literary Excellence is a yearly national award that honors new African-American fiction writers. It was first given in 2007 and is funded by donors of the Baton Rouge Area Foundation to honor the literary contributions of author Ernest J.
- [Edward Lewis Wallant Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/edward-lewis-wallant-award/) - The Edward Lewis Wallant Award is an annual award for writing given to an author whose stories are seen as important for American Jews. It was created in 1962 at the University of Hartford by Fran and Irving Waltman. The award is named after Jewish American writer Edward Lewis Wallant.
- [Edgar Awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/edgar-awards/) - The Edgar Awards are given out every year by the Mystery Writers of America, an organization located in New York City. The awards are named after Edgar Allan Poe, an American writer who lived from 1809 to 1849 and helped start the mystery genre. These awards recognize the best works in mystery fiction, non-fiction, television, film, and theater from the past year.
- [Drue Heinz Literature Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/drue-heinz-literature-prize/) - The Drue Heinz Literature Prize is a major American award for short stories written in English. This prize, created by the University of Pittsburgh Press in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, was started in 1981 by Drue Heinz and helped develop by Frederick A. Hetzel.
- [Donna J. Stone](https://lcdcompendium.com/donna-j-stone/) - Donna J. Stone was born on February 23, 1933, and passed away on December 12, 1994. She was an American poet and someone who helped others through charitable work.
- [Dana Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/dana-award/) - The Dana Award is a literary award given for short stories, poems, and novels. It was created in 1996 by literature professor and poet Mary Elizabeth Parker, who received financial support from Michael Dana. The competition is located in Greensboro, North Carolina.
- [Christopher Hewitt Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/christopher-hewitt-award/) - The Christopher Hewitt Award is a yearly literary prize given every June by A&U magazine. It honors writing that discusses or relates to HIV/AIDS. Each year, one winner is chosen in four categories: fiction, poetry, creative nonfiction, and drama.
- [Center for Fiction First Novel Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/center-for-fiction-first-novel-prize/) - The Center for Fiction First Novel Prize is an annual award given by the Center for Fiction, a nonprofit group in New York City, to the best first novel. From 2006 to 2011, the prize was named the John Sargent, Sr. First Novel Prize, honoring John Turner Sargent, Sr.
- [Carter G. Woodson Book Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/carter-g-woodson-book-award/) - The Carter G. Woodson Book Award is an American literary award started in 1973 by the Racism and Social Justice Committee of the National Council for the Social Studies. Its goal is to help children and young adults learn about different cultures.
- [Bram Stoker Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/bram-stoker-award/) - The Bram Stoker Award is an award given every year by the Horror Writers Association (HWA). It recognizes outstanding work in dark fantasy and horror writing.
- [Bollingen Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/bollingen-prize/) - The Bollingen Prize for Poetry is a special award given to an American poet. It is given every two years to honor a poet for their best new book of poems or for their lifetime accomplishments. The award is given by the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University, and it does not require nominations or submissions from poets.
- [Best Translated Book Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/best-translated-book-award/) - The Best Translated Book Award was an American literary award that honored the best original translations into English from the previous year. Each year, it recognized one book of poetry and one book of fiction. The award began in 2008 and was given out by Three Percent, an online literary magazine linked to Open Letter Books, which is a book translation press at the University of Rochester.
- [The Best American Poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/the-best-american-poetry/) - The Best American Poetry series is made up of annual poetry collections. Each collection has seventy-five poems.
- [Banipal Prize for Arabic Literary Translation](https://lcdcompendium.com/banipal-prize-for-arabic-literary-translation/) - The Banipal Prize, officially called the Saif Ghobash–Banipal Prize for Arabic Literary Translation, is an annual award given to a translator or translators for creating an English version of a full-length Arabic literary work. This prize was started in 2006 by the Banipal literary magazine, which works to share modern Arabic literature with English readers through translations. It is also supported by the Banipal Trust for Arab Literature.
- [Bancroft Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/bancroft-prize/) - The Bancroft Prize is given every year by the leaders of Columbia University for books about diplomacy or the history of the Americas. It was created in 1948 through a gift from Frederic Bancroft, to honor him and his brother, Edgar Addison Bancroft, who was a diplomat and lawyer. The prize is widely seen as one of the most respected awards for writing about American history.
- [Asian/Pacific American Awards for Literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/asianpacific-american-awards-for-literature/) - The Asian/Pacific American Awards for Literature (APAAAL) are a group of literary awards given each year by the Asian Pacific American Librarians Association (APALA). APALA was created in 1980 to help Asian/Pacific American librarians and those who work with Asian/Pacific American communities. Before APALA, there was a group called the Asian American Librarians Caucus (AALC), which was part of the American Library Association (ALA).
- [Asian American Literary Awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/asian-american-literary-awards/) - The Asian American Literary Awards are given out each year by The Asian American Writers' Workshop since 1998. These awards recognize outstanding work in fiction, poetry, and nonfiction, selected by a group of judges from literature and schools. There is also a Members' Choice Award, which is decided by the Workshop's members from the entries of that year.
- [Arthur Rense](https://lcdcompendium.com/arthur-rense/) - Arthur F. Rense (1917 – 1990) was a sports journalist for the Los Angeles Daily News. He also served as the director of public relations for Howard R.
- [Arab American Book Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/arab-american-book-award/) - The Arab American Book Award, created in 2006, is an annual award that honors the research and writings of Arab Americans and their culture. The award supports the publication of books that help people learn more about the Arab American community by sharing the stories and ideas of Arab Americans. Its goal is to encourage authors, teach readers, and promote respect and understanding of Arab American culture.
- [Andrew Carnegie Medals for Excellence in Fiction and Nonfiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/andrew-carnegie-medals-for-excellence-in-fiction-and-nonfiction/) - The Andrew Carnegie Medals for Excellence in Fiction and Nonfiction were created in 2012 to honor the best fiction and nonfiction books for adult readers published in the United States the year before. These awards are named after Andrew Carnegie, a 19th-century American who believed that books and learning could change the world. The awards are supported by the Carnegie Corporation of New York and managed by the American Library Association (ALA).
- [Anisfield-Wolf Book Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/anisfield-wolf-book-award/) - The Anisfield-Wolf Book Award is an American literary award that honors written works that help people understand racism and appreciate the many different cultures in the world. Created in 1935 by Edith Anisfield Wolf, a poet and donor from Cleveland, and first managed by the Saturday Review, the awards have been overseen by the Cleveland Foundation since 1963. The foundation gives awards in several categories, including fiction, poetry, nonfiction, memoir/autobiography, and lifetime achievement.
- [American Book Awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/american-book-awards/) - The American Book Awards are a literary honor in the United States that recognize books and people each year for "outstanding literary achievement." According to a 2010 press release, the award is given by writers to other writers. There are no categories, no nominees, and no one loses. The award is managed by the Before Columbus Foundation, a nonprofit organization that focuses on multicultural issues.
- [American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medals](https://lcdcompendium.com/american-academy-of-arts-and-letters-gold-medals-4/) - Each year, the American Academy of Arts and Letters gives out two Gold Medals to recognize outstanding work. These awards alternate between the following categories: In 1915, the Academy decided to create an extra Gold Medal for "special distinction." This medal honors the complete body of work by someone who is not already a member of the Academy. The first of these special lifetime achievement medals was given the following year to Charles Eliot, who was the former President of Harvard University.
- [American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medals](https://lcdcompendium.com/american-academy-of-arts-and-letters-gold-medals-3/) - Each year, the American Academy of Arts and Letters gives two Gold Medals to recognize outstanding accomplishments. These two medals are given in turn from these categories: In 1915, the Academy decided to create an additional Gold Medal for "special distinction." This medal is awarded for the entire body of work by someone who is not a member of the Academy. The first of these special lifetime achievement medals was given in 1916 to former Harvard president Charles Eliot.
- [American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medals](https://lcdcompendium.com/american-academy-of-arts-and-letters-gold-medals-2/) - Each year, the American Academy of Arts and Letters gives out two Gold Medals to recognize outstanding work. These awards alternate between different categories: In 1915, the Academy decided to create an extra Gold Medal for "special distinction." This medal honors the entire career of a person who is not already a member of the Academy. The first of these special lifetime achievement medals was given the following year to Charles Eliot, who was once the president of Harvard University.
- [American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medals](https://lcdcompendium.com/american-academy-of-arts-and-letters-gold-medals/) - Each year, the American Academy of Arts and Letters gives out two Gold Medals to recognize outstanding work. These medals are given from different categories each year. In 1915, the Academy decided to create an extra Gold Medal for "special distinction." This medal honors the lifetime work of someone who is not already a member of the Academy.
- [Ambassador Book Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/ambassador-book-award/) - The Ambassador Book Award (1986–2011) was given each year by the English-Speaking Union. It honored books that helped people learn more about American life and culture. Winners were called literary ambassadors because they shared important stories about America with people around the world using clear and modern English.
- [Aiken Taylor Award for Modern American Poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/aiken-taylor-award-for-modern-american-poetry/) - The Aiken Taylor Award for Modern American Poetry is a yearly prize managed by the Sewanee Review and the University of the South. It is given to a writer who has had a long and successful career in poetry. The award was created from a gift left by Dr.
- [Aga Khan Prize for Fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/aga-khan-prize-for-fiction/) - The Aga Khan Prize for Fiction was given by the editors of The Paris Review to the best short story published in the magazine each year. The last prize was awarded in 2004. No applications were accepted for the prize.
- [Nordic Council Literature Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/nordic-council-literature-prize/) - The Nordic Council Literature Prize is given for a piece of literature written in one of the languages spoken in the Nordic countries. The work must show "very high quality in writing and art." Created in 1962, the prize is given each year and is worth 350,000 Danish kroner (2008). Works that can be entered are usually novels, plays, poetry collections, short stories, essays, or other works that were published for the first time in the last four years.
- [John Llewellyn Rhys Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/john-llewellyn-rhys-prize/) - The John Llewellyn Rhys Prize was a literary prize given every year for the best work of literature (fiction, non-fiction, poetry, or drama) by an author from the Commonwealth who is 35 years old or younger. The work must be written in English and published in the United Kingdom. Created in 1942, it was one of the earliest literary awards in the United Kingdom.
- [Encore Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/encore-award/) - The £15,000 Encore Award for the best second novel was first given in 1990. It is supported by Lucy Astor and presented by the Royal Society of Literature. The award highlights the importance of second novels, which are sometimes not given as much attention as first books.
- [Commonwealth Foundation prizes](https://lcdcompendium.com/commonwealth-foundation-prizes/) - The Commonwealth Foundation has given out several prizes since 1987. The main award was called the Commonwealth Writers' Prize and had two parts: the Best Book Prize (for overall and regional winners) was given from 1987 to 2011; the Best First Book Prize was given from 1989 to 2011. In addition, the Commonwealth Short Story Competition was given from 1996 to 2011.
- [Commonwealth Short Story Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/commonwealth-short-story-prize/) - The Commonwealth Short Story Prize is given each year for the best short story that has not been published before. The story must be between 2,000 and 5,000 words long. People who live in countries that are part of the Commonwealth of Nations and are at least 18 years old can enter.
- [Booker Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/booker-prize/) - The Booker Prize, which was first called the Booker Prize for Fiction from 1969 to 2001 and the Man Booker Prize from 2002 to 2019, is an award given yearly for the best long story written in English that was published in the United Kingdom or Ireland. It is considered one of the most important literary awards, and the winner receives £50,000 and international attention that often increases the book’s sales. When the prize was first created, only novels written by people from the Commonwealth, Ireland, South Africa (and later Zimbabwe) were eligible to win; in 2014, the rules changed to include any English-language novel, a decision that caused debate.
- [OCM Bocas Prize for Caribbean Literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/ocm-bocas-prize-for-caribbean-literature/) - The OCM Bocas Prize for Caribbean Literature was started in 2011 by the NGC Bocas Lit Fest. It is an annual award given to books written by Caribbean authors and published in the year before the award. This prize is the only one in the region that allows entries from any literary genre, including books written by people born in or citizens of the Caribbean.
- [Casa de las Américas Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/casa-de-las-americas-prize/) - The Casa de las Américas Prize (Premio Literario Casa de las Américas) is a literary award given out by the Cuban Casa de las Américas. It was started in 1959 and is one of the oldest and most important literary prizes in Latin America. The award is given for books written in Spanish, Portuguese, English, and French by authors from Latin America and the Caribbean.
- [Kiriyama Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/kiriyama-prize/) - The Kiriyama Prize was an international literary award given to books about the Pacific Rim and South Asia. Its purpose was to help people learn more about each other in the region. Created in 1996, the prize was last given in 2008.
- [SAARC Literary Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/saarc-literary-award/) - The SAARC Literary Award is given every year by the Foundation of SAARC Writers and Literature (FOSWAL) since 2001. Some people who have received this award include Shamshur Rahman, Mahasweta Devi, Jayanta Mahapatra, Abhi Subedi, Mark Tully, Sitakant Mahapatra, Nayyara Rahman, Uday Prakash, Suman Pokhrel, and Abhay K. Suman Pokhrel, a Nepali poet, lyricist, and translator, is the only person to have won this award twice.
- [DSC Prize for South Asian Literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/dsc-prize-for-south-asian-literature/) - The DSC Prize for South Asian Literature is an international award given each year to writers of any background who write about South Asia. Topics include culture, politics, history, and people. The prize is for an original complete novel written in English or translated into English.
- [Man Asian Literary Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/man-asian-literary-prize/) - The Man Asian Literary Prize was an annual literary award given from 2007 to 2012. It honored the best novel written by an Asian author, either in English or translated into English, and published in the previous year. The prize was open to writers who were citizens or residents of 34 Asian countries, including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, East Timor, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Japan, Laos, Macau, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, The Maldives, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam.
- [Wole Soyinka Prize for Literature in Africa](https://lcdcompendium.com/wole-soyinka-prize-for-literature-in-africa/) - The Wole Soyinka Prize for Literature in Africa was a writing award given every two years to the best literary work created by an African author. The prize, worth $20,000, was started in 2005 and managed by the Lumina Foundation. It was named after Wole Soyinka, Africa’s first person to win a Nobel Prize in Literature.
- [Tchicaya U Tam'si Prize for African Poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tchicaya-u-tamsi-prize-for-african-poetry/) - The Tchicaya U Tam'si Prize for African Poetry was created in 1989 to honor a writer who creates poetry that is new and of high artistic quality. The prize is named after Tchicaya U Tam'si, a Congolese writer who lived from 1931 to 1988. The prize was started during the Assilah Forum in Morocco.
- [Nommo Awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/nommo-awards/) - The Nommo Awards are literary honors given by The African Speculative Fiction Society. These awards celebrate works of speculative fiction written by Africans. Speculative fiction includes science fiction, fantasy, stories about magic and traditional beliefs, alternative histories, horror, and other imaginative stories that may not fit into other categories.
- [Grand prix Afrique](https://lcdcompendium.com/grand-prix-afrique/) - The Grand prix Afrique, previously called the Grand prix littéraire d'Afrique noire (a major literary prize for Francophone literature in Black Africa), is an award given each year by the ADELF, the Association of French Language Writers. The prize is awarded for a French original text written by someone from Sub-Saharan Africa. It was originally given with a prize of 2,000 French francs.
- [The Golden Baobab Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/the-golden-baobab-prize/) - The Golden Baobab Prize (formerly called The Baobab Prize) is given every year to African writers who create books for children and young adults. The prize accepts short stories that have not been published before. These stories must be written by African citizens, regardless of their age, race, or where they live.
- [9mobile Prize for Literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/9mobile-prize-for-literature/) - The 9mobile Prize for Literature was created by Etisalat Nigeria in 2013. It was the first prize in Africa for a first-time novel or short story collection. The prize is given every year to find new writers and help the publishing industry in Africa grow.
- [Caine Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/caine-prize/) - The Caine Prize for African Writing is an annual award given to the best short story written by an African author, whether they live in Africa or elsewhere, and published in English. It was started in the United Kingdom in 2000. The prize, worth £10,000, is named to honor businessman and philanthropist Sir Michael Harris Caine, who was once a leader of the Booker Group and the Booker Prize committee.
- [Evaristo Prize for African Poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/evaristo-prize-for-african-poetry/) - The Evaristo Prize for African Poetry is a literary award created by the African Poetry Book Fund (APBF) in 2013. Before this, it was known as the Brunel International African Poetry Prize, which was supported by Brunel University and writer Bernardine Evaristo. In 2023, the APBF took over the award and changed its name to the Evaristo Prize for African Poetry.
- [Babishai Niwe Poetry Foundation](https://lcdcompendium.com/babishai-niwe-poetry-foundation/) - The Babishai Niwe (BN) Poetry Foundation, previously known as "The Beverley Nambozo Poetry Award," is an organization that organizes annual poetry competitions for African poets. It was created by Beverley Nambozo in 2008 as an award for Ugandan women. In 2014, the competition became open to men and poets from all across Africa.
- [Joaquín Gallegos Lara National Fiction Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/joaquin-gallegos-lara-national-fiction-prize/) - The Joaquín Gallegos Lara National Fiction Prize (Spanish: Premio Nacional de Narrativa Joaquín Gallegos Lara) is given every year by the city government of Quito, Ecuador. It recognizes the best national works in three types: short stories, novels, and plays. The award is named after Joaquín Gallegos Lara, an Ecuadorian novelist who lived from 1909 to 1947.
- [Premio de Novela Ciudad de Torrevieja](https://lcdcompendium.com/premio-de-novela-ciudad-de-torrevieja/) - The Premio de Novela Ciudad de Torrevieja is a Spanish literary award. It has been given since 2001 by the publisher Plaza & Janés, which is part of Random House. The award is for an original, unpublished novel written in Spanish (Castilian).
- [Premio Planeta de Novela](https://lcdcompendium.com/premio-planeta-de-novela/) - The Premio Planeta de Novela is a Spanish literary award. Since 1952, the Spanish publisher Grupo Planeta has given this prize to an original, unpublished novel written in Spanish. It is one of about 16 literary awards given by Planeta.
- [Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/sor-juana-ines-de-la-cruz-prize/) - The Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz Prize is a book award given to a book written in Spanish by a woman. It is hosted by the Guadalajara International Book Fair, which is located in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. In 2026, winners of the prize get $10,000.
- [Rómulo Gallegos Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/romulo-gallegos-prize/) - The Rómulo Gallegos International Novel Prize (Spanish: Premio internacional de novela Rómulo Gallegos) was established on August 6, 1964, by a presidential decree signed by Venezuelan president Raúl Leoni. It was created to honor Rómulo Gallegos, a Venezuelan writer and former president, who is best known for writing Doña Bárbara. The goal of the prize is to "continue honoring the work of this famous novelist and to encourage creative writing by Spanish language authors." The prize is given by the government of Venezuela through the Rómulo Gallegos Center for Latin American Studies (CELARG).
- [Miguel de Cervantes Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/miguel-de-cervantes-prize/) - The Miguel de Cervantes Prize (Spanish: Premio de Literatura en Lengua Castellana Miguel de Cervantes) is given every year to honor a writer's lifetime work in the Spanish language. The Encyclopædia Britannica describes it as the "most prestigious and well-paid award for Spanish-language literature."
- [São Paulo Prize for Literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/sao-paulo-prize-for-literature/) - The São Paulo Prize for Literature (Portuguese: Prêmio São Paulo de Literatura) is a Brazilian award given to novels written in Portuguese and published in Brazil. It was created in 2008 by the Secretary of Culture for the State of São Paulo. While it is not as old as other Brazilian literary awards, such as the Machado de Assis Prize, the São Paulo Prize has gained respect quickly.
- [Oceanos-Prêmio de Literatura em Língua Portuguesa](https://lcdcompendium.com/oceanos-premio-de-literatura-em-lingua-portuguesa/) - The Oceanos-Prêmio de Literatura em Língua Portuguesa (formerly known as the Portugal Telecom Prize for Literature) is a Brazilian literary award created in 2003 by Portugal Telecom. It is given every year to recognize works of literature written in Portuguese. Beginning in 2007, the award also considers books written in Portuguese from other countries.
- [Prémio Leya](https://lcdcompendium.com/premio-leya/) - The Prémio Leya is a literary award created in 2008. It is given every year by the Portuguese publishing company Leya to a novel written in Portuguese that has not been published before. The winner of the award receives €50,000.
- [Camões Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/camoes-prize/) - The Camões Prize (Portuguese: Prémio Camões, said in Portuguese as [ˈpɾɛmju kaˈmõjʃ]), named after the famous writer Luís de Camões, is the most respected prize for literature in the Portuguese language. It was created in 1989 and is supported by the governments of Brazil and Portugal. The prize is given every year to an author who has written a very important collection of work in Portuguese.
- [Wisława Szymborska Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/wislawa-szymborska-award/) - The Wisława Szymborska Award is a Polish prize given each year for literature. It was created in 2013 and named after the Nobel Prize-winning poet Wisława Szymborska, who was born in 1923 and died in 2012. The award is given to authors of the best poetry books published the year before.
- [SAFA Awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/safa-awards/) - The South African Football Association (SAFA) Awards are honors given to football players and coaches who are from South Africa. These awards were created in 2008 by the South African Football Association.
- [Silesius Poetry Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/silesius-poetry-award/) - The Silesius Poetry Award (Polish: Wrocławska Nagroda Poetycka Silesius) is a yearly Polish literary prize given by the city of Wrocław in Lower Silesia.
- [Ryszard Kapuściński Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/ryszard-kapuscinski-award/) - The Ryszard Kapuściński Award (Polish: Nagroda im. Ryszarda Kapuścińskiego) is an important annual award given in Poland. It is the most significant honor for a type of writing called literary reportage.
- [Nike Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/nike-award/) - The Nike Literary Award is a prize given each year to the best book written by a living Polish author and published the year before. It is considered the most important award for Polish literature. The award was started in 1997 and is supported by Gazeta Wyborcza, Poland's second-largest newspaper, and NICOM, a consulting company.
- [Kościelski Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/koscielski-award/) - The Kościelski Award is a Polish literary award that has been given since 1962 by the Kościelski Foundation, which is based in Geneva. Each year, a group of judges selects awards for "promising writers" who are 40 years old or younger. Some past winners include Sławomir Mrożek, Zbigniew Herbert, Alicja Iwańska, Bolesław Taborski, Wiktor Woroszylski, Adam Zagajewski, Wojciech Karpiński, Jarosław Marek Rymkiewicz, Stefan Chwin, Jerzy Pilch, Marian Stala, Paweł Huelle, Andrzej Stasiuk, Olga Tokarczuk, Tomasz Różycki, Jacek Dehnel, Maciej Płaza, Krzysztof Siwczyk, Jolanta Stefko, Mikołaj Łoziński, and most recently, Jacek Dukaj.
- [Gdynia Literary Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/gdynia-literary-prize/) - The Gdynia Literary Prize (Polish: Nagroda Literacka Gdynia) is a Polish award given each year to authors who write the best books published the year before. These books are in the categories of prose, poetry, essays, and translations (added in 2014). The prize was created in 2006 by Wojciech Szczurek, the mayor of Gdynia.
- [List of recipients of the Odisha Sahitya Akademi Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/list-of-recipients-of-the-odisha-sahitya-akademi-award/) - The Odisha Sahitya Akademi Award is a literary award given to an Odia language writer for outstanding work in Odia literature across different categories. This award is presented by the Odisha Sahitya Akademi, an organization started in 1957 in Odisha. The organization works to promote the Odia language and its literature.
- [Vinda Karandikar Jeevan Gaurav Puraskar](https://lcdcompendium.com/vinda-karandikar-jeevan-gaurav-puraskar/) - The Vinda Jeevan Gaurav Puraskar is a lifetime achievement award given every year by the Department of Marathi Language in the government of Maharashtra. It is presented to a writer who has made important and lasting contributions to Marathi literature. The award originally included a certificate and a cash prize of ₹5 lakh (about US$5,200).
- [Urania Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/urania-award/) - The Urania Award (Italian: Premio Urania) is an annual literary competition organized by the Italian magazine Urania. It is for contemporary Italian science fiction novels. The award was first held in 1989.
- [Bagutta Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/bagutta-prize/) - The Bagutta Prize is an Italian literary award given each year to Italian writers. It began with people who supported Milan's Bagutta Ristorante. The writer Riccardo Bacchelli found the restaurant and often met with friends there to eat and talk about books.
- [Premio Bancarella](https://lcdcompendium.com/premio-bancarella/) - The Premio Bancarella is an Italian literary prize created in 1953. It is presented annually in Pontremoli during the last Saturday or Sunday of July. Six books are chosen for the Premio Selezione Bancarella.
- [Premio Campiello](https://lcdcompendium.com/premio-campiello/) - The Premio Campiello is an annual Italian literary prize. A group of literary experts chooses books published during the year and selects five as finalists in a public event. These books are called Premio Selezione Campiello.
- [Strega Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/strega-prize/) - The Strega Prize (Italian: Premio Strega [ˈprɛːmjo ˈstreːɡa]) is the most important Italian literary award. It has been given every year since 1947 for the best work of prose fiction written in the Italian language by an author of any nationality. The winning work must have been first published between March 1 of the previous year and February 28 or 29.
- [Crotone Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/crotone-prize/) - The Crotone Prize (Italian: Premio Crotone, Italian pronunciation: [pre-mee-oh-kro-TOH-neh]) was an important Italian literary award. It was started on April 4, 1952, in Crotone, Calabria, due to the efforts of then-mayor Silvio Messinetti.
- [Irish Book Awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/irish-book-awards/) - The Irish Book Awards are awards given every year to books and authors in different categories. These awards are supported by all bookstores in Ireland. The main supporter is An Post, which is the postal service owned by the government of Ireland.
- [Oireachtas na Gaeilge](https://lcdcompendium.com/oireachtas-na-gaeilge/) - Oireachtas na Gaeilge (Irish pronunciation: [ˈɛɾʲəxt̪ˠəsˠ n̪ˠə ˈɡeːlʲɟə], "The Irish (language) Gathering") is an annual arts festival that celebrates Irish culture. It has been held since the 1890s. The festival was inspired by the Welsh eisteddfodau and includes many events related to the Irish language and culture.
- [Tchernichovsky Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/tchernichovsky-prize/) - The Tchernichovsky Prize is an Israeli award given to people for outstanding work in translating books into Hebrew. The prize is given by the Tel Aviv-Yafo municipality. It was first given every year, but now it is given every two years.
- [Sapir Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/sapir-prize/) - The Sapir Prize for Literature of Israel is an important annual award given for a piece of writing in the Hebrew language. The prize is given by Mifal HaPayis, which is Israel's state lottery. It is part of the organization's cultural programs.
- [Bialik Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/bialik-prize/) - The Bialik Prize is an annual prize for writing given by the city of Tel Aviv, Israel, to recognize important achievements in Hebrew literature. The prize is named after Israel's national poet, Hayyim Nahman Bialik. There are two different prizes: one for "Literature," which includes fiction, and another for "Jewish thought" (חכמת ישראל).
- [Yuva Gaurav Puraskar](https://lcdcompendium.com/yuva-gaurav-puraskar/) - The Yuva Gaurav Award is a literary honor given by Gujarat Sahitya Akademi, which is part of the Government of Gujarat. Created in 2007, the award helps to recognize and encourage young writers who write in the Gujarati language. The award includes a certificate, a shawl, and a cash prize of ₹50,000.
- [Sahitya Gaurav Puraskar](https://lcdcompendium.com/sahitya-gaurav-puraskar/) - The Sahitya Gaurav Puraskar, also called the Sahitya Gaurav Award, is a literary award in Gujarat, India. It is given by the Gujarat Sahitya Akademi and the Government of Gujarat to Gujarati writers who have made important contributions to Gujarati literature. Created in 1983, the award includes a plaque, a shawl, and a cash prize of ₹100,000.
- [Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak](https://lcdcompendium.com/ranjitram-suvarna-chandrak/) - The Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak, also called the Ranjitram Gold Medal, was created by the Gujarat Sahitya Sabha. It is the highest award given for writing in Gujarati literature. The award is named after the famous Gujarati writer Ranjitram Mehta.
- [Premanand Suvarna Chandrak](https://lcdcompendium.com/premanand-suvarna-chandrak/) - The Premanand Suvarna Chandrak, also known as the Premanand Gold Medal, is a literary award given every two years, sometimes every year, to a well-known Gujarati writer. The award honors and encourages outstanding achievements in Gujarati literature. It is presented by the Premanand Sahitya Bhavan in Vadodara, an institute dedicated to literature.
- [Kumar Suvarna Chandrak](https://lcdcompendium.com/kumar-suvarna-chandrak/) - The Kumar Suvarana Chandrak, also known as the Kumar Gold Medal, is a literary award given by Kumar Trust in Ahmedabad, India, since 1944. The medal is given every year to a Gujarati author for their work in the Kumar magazine published by Kumar Trust. In 1950, Chandravadan Mehta refused to accept the Kumar Chandrak.
- [Merano Poetry Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/merano-poetry-prize/) - The Merano Poetry Prize (German: Lyrikpreis Meran) is an international award for poetry written in the German language. It was created in 1993 by Alfred Gruber (1929–1998), a South Tyrolean Catholic priest and writer. The competition happens every two years and is given by the South Tyrolean provincial government in the city of Merano.
- [Kleist Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/kleist-prize/) - The Kleist Prize is a yearly German literature award. It was first given in 1912, to mark the 100th anniversary of the death of Heinrich von Kleist, who died the year before. During the Weimar Republic, this prize was the most important literary honor in Germany.
- [Aspekte-Literaturpreis](https://lcdcompendium.com/aspekte-literaturpreis/) - The Aspekte-Literaturpreis (Aspekte Literature Prize) is given every year to the best first novel written in German. A group of writers, critics, and scholars chooses the winner. The prize is supported by the ZDF TV network's arts program, Aspekte.
- [Festival of German-Language Literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/festival-of-german-language-literature/) - The Festival of German-Language Literature (German: Tage der deutschsprachigen Literatur) is a literary event that happens every year in Klagenfurt, Austria. This important festival, which lasts for a few days, includes the giving of several awards. The most important award is the Ingeborg Bachmann Prize, which was first given in 1977 and is one of the most significant awards for literature written in the German language.
- [Leipzig Book Fair Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/leipzig-book-fair-prize/) - The Leipzig Book Fair Prize (Preis der Leipziger Buchmesse) is a literary award given each year during the Leipzig Book Fair to new books that are considered excellent in the categories "Fiction," "Non-fiction," and "Translation." This prize began in 2005 after the Deutscher Bücherpreis award was stopped. It is one of the most significant literary awards in Germany. Each winner in a category receives €20,000.
- [German Book Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/german-book-prize/) - The German Book Prize (German: Deutscher Buchpreis) is given every year in October by the German Publishers and Booksellers Association (Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels) to the best new German-language novel of the year. Books published in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland are nominated by their publishers, who may suggest up to two books from their current or future publication lists. These books must be available in stores before the shortlist is announced in September of the award year.
- [Sigmund Freud Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/sigmund-freud-prize/) - The Sigmund Freud Prize, also called the Sigmund Freud Prize for Academic Prose (German: Sigmund Freud-Preis für wissenschaftliche Prosa), is a German literary award named for Sigmund Freud. It is given by the German Academy for Language and Literature. The prize was first given in 1964.
- [Georg Büchner Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/georg-buchner-prize/) - The Georg Büchner Prize (German: Georg-Büchner-Preis) is the most important literary award for works written in the German language. It is named after Georg Büchner, a writer and dramatist who authored the plays Woyzeck and Leonce and Lena. This prize is given every year to authors who write in German and have become well-known for their body of work, which has helped shape modern German culture.
- [American Association of Teachers of Slavic and East European Languages](https://lcdcompendium.com/american-association-of-teachers-of-slavic-and-east-european-languages/) - The American Association of Teachers of Slavic and East European Languages (AATSEEL) is a group of educators established in 1941. Each January, AATSEEL hosts an annual meeting where members gather to discuss academic topics. The organization also publishes the Slavic and East European Journal (SEEJ), a scholarly publication that features articles about Slavic studies.
- [Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/astrid-lindgren-memorial-award/) - The Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award (Swedish: Litteraturpriset till Astrid Lindgrens minne) is an international children's literary award created by the Swedish government in 2002 to honor Astrid Lindgren, a famous Swedish children's author who lived from 1907 to 2002. The prize is worth five million Swedish kronor (SEK), making it the largest award in children's literature and one of the largest literary awards globally. The annual cost of ten million SEK (in 2008) is paid for using tax money.
- [Europese Literatuurprijs](https://lcdcompendium.com/europese-literatuurprijs/) - The European Literature Prize is a Dutch award given every year since 2011. It honors the best contemporary European novel published the year before and translated into Dutch. The author of the winning book receives €10,000, and the translator receives €5,000.

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## Books

- [The Sign of the Four by Arthur Conan Doyle](https://lcdcompendium.com/books/united-kingdom/greater-london/london/the-sign-of-the-four-by-arthur-conan-doyle/) - "The Sign of the Four" by Arthur Conan Doyle is a detective novel written during the late 19th century. It features the iconic character Sherlock Holmes, along with his loyal companion Dr. John Watson, as they are drawn into a complex mystery involving a missing treasure, a disappearance of a father, and a series of
- [A Study in Scarlet by Arthur Conan Doyle](https://lcdcompendium.com/books/united-kingdom/greater-london/westminster/a-study-in-scarlet-by-arthur-conan-doyle/) - "A Study in Scarlet" by Arthur Conan Doyle is a detective novel written during the late 19th century. The story introduces readers to the legendary detective Sherlock Holmes and his newly acquainted friend, Dr. John Watson, who becomes his roommate and chronicler. The narrative sets the stage for a captivating mystery that intertwines crime, deduction,

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- [2001 establishments in the Czech Republic](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/2001-establishments-in-the-czech-republic/)
- [Awards established in 2001](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-2001/)
- [Czech literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/czech-literary-awards/)
- [Franz Kafka](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/franz-kafka/)
- [International literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/international-literary-awards/)
- [Literary awards honoring writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/literary-awards-honoring-writers/)
- [Literary awards honoring lifetime achievement](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/literary-awards-honoring-lifetime-achievement/)
- [Fiction awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/fiction-awards/)
- [Romanian literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/romanian-literary-awards/)
- [Awards established in 2002](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-2002/)
- [2002 establishments in Romania](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/2002-establishments-in-romania/)
- [Ovid](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/ovid/)
- [Slovenian literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/slovenian-literary-awards/)
- [Awards established in 2011](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-2011/)
- [2011 establishments in Slovenia](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/2011-establishments-in-slovenia/)
- [Sigmund Freud](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/sigmund-freud/)
- [German non-fiction literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/german-non-fiction-literary-awards/)
- [Literary awards of Hesse](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/literary-awards-of-hesse/)
- [Philosophy awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/philosophy-awards/)
- [Darmstadt](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/darmstadt/)
- [Awards established in 1964](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-1964/)
- [1964 establishments in West Germany](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1964-establishments-in-west-germany/)
- [Awards established in 1944](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-1944/)
- [1944 establishments in India](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1944-establishments-in-india/)
- [Gujarati literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/gujarati-literary-awards/)
- [Awards established in 2007](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-2007/)
- [2007 establishments in Gujarat](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/2007-establishments-in-gujarat/)
- [Hebrew literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/hebrew-literary-awards/)
- [Israeli literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/israeli-literary-awards/)
- [Jewish literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/jewish-literary-awards/)
- [Awards by the municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-by-the-municipality-of-tel-aviv-yafo/)
- [Awards established in 1942](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-1942/)
- [Translation awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/translation-awards/)
- [1942 establishments in Mandatory Palestine](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1942-establishments-in-mandatory-palestine/)
- [Translation stubs](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/translation-stubs/)
- [Literary award stubs](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/literary-award-stubs/)
- [Tel Aviv stubs](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/tel-aviv-stubs/)
- [Awards established in 2006](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-2006/)
- [Irish literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/irish-literary-awards/)
- [Poetry awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/poetry-awards/)
- [Novel awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/novel-awards/)
- [Irish-language literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/irish-language-literary-awards/)
- [Biography awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/biography-awards/)
- [Non-fiction literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/non-fiction-literary-awards/)
- [Short story awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/short-story-awards/)
- [Literary awards honoring minority groups](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/literary-awards-honoring-minority-groups/)
- [Young adult literature awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/young-adult-literature-awards/)
- [Irish children's literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/irish-childrens-literary-awards/)
- [Picture book awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/picture-book-awards/)
- [Sports writing awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/sports-writing-awards/)
- [Mystery and detective fiction awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/mystery-and-detective-fiction-awards/)
- [First book awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/first-book-awards/)
- [Italian literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/italian-literary-awards/)
- [Awards established in 1963](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-1963/)
- [1963 establishments in Italy](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1963-establishments-in-italy/)
- [Bancarella Prize winners](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/bancarella-prize-winners/)
- [Awards established in 1953](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-1953/)
- [1953 establishments in Italy](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1953-establishments-in-italy/)
- [Awards established in 2010](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-2010/)
- [Indian literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/indian-literary-awards/)
- [Culture in Gdynia](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/culture-in-gdynia/)
- [Polish literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/polish-literary-awards/)
- [2006 establishments in Poland](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/2006-establishments-in-poland/)
- [Awards established in 2013](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-2013/)
- [2013 establishments in Poland](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/2013-establishments-in-poland/)
- [Portuguese-language literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/portuguese-language-literary-awards/)
- [Brazilian literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/brazilian-literary-awards/)
- [Portuguese literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/portuguese-literary-awards/)
- [Awards established in 1989](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-1989/)
- [1989 establishments in Brazil](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1989-establishments-in-brazil/)
- [1989 establishments in Portugal](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1989-establishments-in-portugal/)
- [Camões Prize winners](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/camoes-prize-winners/)
- [Awards established in 1976](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-1976/)
- [Miguel de Cervantes](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/miguel-de-cervantes/)
- [Spanish-language literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/spanish-language-literary-awards/)
- [Spanish literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/spanish-literary-awards/)
- [1976 establishments in Spain](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1976-establishments-in-spain/)
- [Ecuadorian literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/ecuadorian-literary-awards/)
- [Ecuadorian awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/ecuadorian-awards/)
- [Ecuador stubs](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/ecuador-stubs/)
- [2000 establishments in England](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/2000-establishments-in-england/)
- [African literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/african-literary-awards/)
- [Awards established in 2000](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-2000/)
- [English literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/english-literary-awards/)
- [English-language literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/english-language-literary-awards/)
- [2013 establishments in Nigeria](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/2013-establishments-in-nigeria/)
- [Nigerian literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/nigerian-literary-awards/)
- [Grand prix littéraire d'Afrique noire winners](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/grand-prix-litteraire-dafrique-noire-winners/)
- [Awards established in 1961](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-1961/)
- [French-language literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/french-language-literary-awards/)
- [French literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/french-literary-awards/)
- [Asian literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/asian-literary-awards/)
- [Awards disestablished in 2012](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-disestablished-in-2012/)
- [South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/south-asian-association-for-regional-cooperation/)
- [Awards established in 1959](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-1959/)
- [1959 establishments in Cuba](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1959-establishments-in-cuba/)
- [Cuban literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/cuban-literary-awards/)
- [Awards established in 2012](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-2012/)
- [Commonwealth Writers awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/commonwealth-writers-awards/)
- [Awards disestablished in 2011](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-disestablished-in-2011/)
- [Awards established in 1987](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-1987/)
- [Awards established in 1996](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-1996/)
- [British fiction awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/british-fiction-awards/)
- [Awards established in 1990](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-1990/)
- [1990 establishments in the United Kingdom](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1990-establishments-in-the-united-kingdom/)
- [Society of Authors awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/society-of-authors-awards/)
- [Royal Society of Literature awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/royal-society-of-literature-awards/)
- [2012 establishments in the United States](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/2012-establishments-in-the-united-states/)
- [American Library Association awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/american-library-association-awards/)
- [American fiction awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/american-fiction-awards/)
- [American non-fiction literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/american-non-fiction-literary-awards/)
- [American literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/american-literary-awards/)
- [Asian-American culture](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/asian-american-culture/)
- [Bancroft Prize](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/bancroft-prize/)
- [Bancroft Prize winners](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/bancroft-prize-winners/)
- [American history awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/american-history-awards/)
- [Awards established in 1948](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-1948/)
- [Columbia University Libraries](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/columbia-university-libraries/)
- [Awards and prizes of Columbia University](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-and-prizes-of-columbia-university/)
- [1948 establishments in New York City](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1948-establishments-in-new-york-city/)
- [University of Rochester](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/university-of-rochester/)
- [Bram Stoker Awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/bram-stoker-awards/)
- [1933 births](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1933-births/)
- [1994 deaths](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1994-deaths/)
- [20th-century American poets](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/20th-century-american-poets/)
- [20th-century American philanthropists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/20th-century-american-philanthropists/)
- [20th-century American women poets](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/20th-century-american-women-poets/)
- [Awards established in 1981](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-1981/)
- [1981 establishments in Pennsylvania](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1981-establishments-in-pennsylvania/)
- [American literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/american-literature/)
- [Jews and Judaism in the United States](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/jews-and-judaism-in-the-united-states/)
- [Awards established in 1962](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-1962/)
- [University of Hartford](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/university-of-hartford/)
- [1962 establishments in Connecticut](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1962-establishments-in-connecticut/)
- [University of Georgia](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/university-of-georgia/)
- [Awards established in 1983](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-1983/)
- [Novella awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/novella-awards/)
- [Flannery O'Connor](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/flannery-oconnor/)
- [1983 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1983-establishments-in-georgia-u-s-state/)
- [German literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/german-literary-awards/)
- [Goethe-Institut](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/goethe-institut/)
- [1996 establishments in the United States](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1996-establishments-in-the-united-states/)
- [Literary awards honoring women](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/literary-awards-honoring-women/)
- [Awards established in 1975](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-1975/)
- [Women's studies](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/womens-studies/)
- [Community foundations based in the United States](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/community-foundations-based-in-the-united-states/)
- [Non-profit organizations based in San Francisco](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/non-profit-organizations-based-in-san-francisco/)
- [Lambda Literary Awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/lambda-literary-awards/)
- [LGBTQ events in the United States](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/lgbtq-events-in-the-united-states/)
- [LGBTQ literature in the United States](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/lgbtq-literature-in-the-united-states/)
- [1989 establishments in the United States](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1989-establishments-in-the-united-states/)
- [Los Angeles Times](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/los-angeles-times/)
- [American poetry awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/american-poetry-awards/)
- [Literary awards by magazines and newspapers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/literary-awards-by-magazines-and-newspapers/)
- [Awards established in 1980](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-1980/)
- [1980 establishments in California](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1980-establishments-in-california/)
- [Awards of the American Academy of Arts and Letters](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-of-the-american-academy-of-arts-and-letters/)
- [20th-century literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/20th-century-literary-awards/)
- [21st-century literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/21st-century-literary-awards/)
- [National Book Critics Circle](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/national-book-critics-circle/)
- [Hispanic and Latino American literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/hispanic-and-latino-american-literature/)
- [Awards honoring Hispanic and Latino Americans](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-honoring-hispanic-and-latino-americans/)
- [PEN America awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/pen-america-awards/)
- [1996 establishments in New York City](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1996-establishments-in-new-york-city/)
- [2003 establishments in the United States](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/2003-establishments-in-the-united-states/)
- [Awards established in 2003](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-2003/)
- [PEN New England awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/pen-new-england-awards/)
- [1976 establishments in the United States](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1976-establishments-in-the-united-states/)
- [Ernest Hemingway](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/ernest-hemingway/)
- [PEN Oakland awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/pen-oakland-awards/)
- [Awards established in 1991](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-1991/)
- [1991 establishments in California](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1991-establishments-in-california/)
- [San Francisco Bay Area literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/san-francisco-bay-area-literature/)
- [Culture of Oakland](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/culture-of-oakland/)
- [California](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/california/)
- [West Chester University](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/west-chester-university/)
- [Mexican-American literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/mexican-american-literature/)
- [Awards established in 2005](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-2005/)
- [Awards disestablished in 2008](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-disestablished-in-2008/)
- [2005 establishments in the United States](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/2005-establishments-in-the-united-states/)
- [2008 disestablishments in the United States](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/2008-disestablishments-in-the-united-states/)
- [Translation award winners](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/translation-award-winners/)
- [Awards established in 1995](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-1995/)
- [Translation-related lists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/translation-related-lists/)
- [American literature-related lists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/american-literature-related-lists/)
- [Mass media awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/mass-media-awards/)
- [American Book Awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/american-book-awards/)
- [Library science](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/library-science/)
- [Lists of books](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/lists-of-books/)
- [American Library Association](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/american-library-association/)
- [Culture of the Western United States](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/culture-of-the-western-united-states/)
- [Western (genre) novels](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/western-genre-novels/)
- [American literature stubs](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/american-literature-stubs/)
- [1934 establishments in the United States](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1934-establishments-in-the-united-states/)
- [Arts organizations established in 1934](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/arts-organizations-established-in-1934/)
- [Non-profit organizations based in New York City](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/non-profit-organizations-based-in-new-york-city/)
- [Poetry organizations based in the United States](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/poetry-organizations-based-in-the-united-states/)
- [1975 establishments in the United States](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1975-establishments-in-the-united-states/)
- [Lists of writers by award](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/lists-of-writers-by-award/)
- [University of Evansville](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/university-of-evansville/)
- [2003 establishments in Indiana](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/2003-establishments-in-indiana/)
- [Australian literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/australian-literary-awards/)
- [Awards established in 1979](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-1979/)
- [Awards disestablished in 2024](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-disestablished-in-2024/)
- [The Australian](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/the-australian/)
- [Miles Franklin Award](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/miles-franklin-award/)
- [Awards established in 1957](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-1957/)
- [1957 establishments in Australia](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1957-establishments-in-australia/)
- [Australian fiction awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/australian-fiction-awards/)
- [Commonwealth literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/commonwealth-literary-awards/)
- [Awards established in 1984](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-1984/)
- [Literary awards honouring young writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/literary-awards-honouring-young-writers/)
- [British Book Awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/british-book-awards/)
- [Annual events in the United Kingdom](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/annual-events-in-the-united-kingdom/)
- [Audiobook awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/audiobook-awards/)
- [British children's literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/british-childrens-literary-awards/)
- [British non-fiction literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/british-non-fiction-literary-awards/)
- [History awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/history-awards/)
- [1991 establishments in the United Kingdom](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1991-establishments-in-the-united-kingdom/)
- [British poetry awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/british-poetry-awards/)
- [Awards established in 1919](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-1919/)
- [1919 establishments in England](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1919-establishments-in-england/)
- [2010 establishments in the United Kingdom](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/2010-establishments-in-the-united-kingdom/)
- [James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/james-tait-black-memorial-prize-recipients/)
- [Scottish literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/scottish-literary-awards/)
- [1919 establishments in Scotland](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1919-establishments-in-scotland/)
- [History of the University of Edinburgh](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/history-of-the-university-of-edinburgh/)
- [Women's Prize for Fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/womens-prize-for-fiction/)
- [1996 establishments in the United Kingdom](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1996-establishments-in-the-united-kingdom/)
- [2024 establishments in the United Kingdom](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/2024-establishments-in-the-united-kingdom/)
- [Awards established in 2024](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-2024/)
- [Canadian literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/canadian-literature/)
- [CBC Radio One programs](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/cbc-radio-one-programs/)
- [CBC Television original programming](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/cbc-television-original-programming/)
- [2000s Canadian reality television series](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/2000s-canadian-reality-television-series/)
- [2002 radio programme debuts](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/2002-radio-programme-debuts/)
- [2004 Canadian television series debuts](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/2004-canadian-television-series-debuts/)
- [Television shows about books and literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/television-shows-about-books-and-literature/)
- [Radio programs about books and literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/radio-programs-about-books-and-literature/)
- [2000s Canadian radio programs](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/2000s-canadian-radio-programs/)
- [2010s Canadian radio programs](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/2010s-canadian-radio-programs/)
- [2020s Canadian radio programs](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/2020s-canadian-radio-programs/)
- [2000 establishments in Canada](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/2000-establishments-in-canada/)
- [Canadian poetry awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/canadian-poetry-awards/)
- [Governor General's Awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/governor-generals-awards/)
- [Canadian literary awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/canadian-literary-awards/)
- [Canadian visual arts awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/canadian-visual-arts-awards/)
- [Awards established in 1937](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/awards-established-in-1937/)
- [1937 establishments in Canada](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1937-establishments-in-canada/)
- [Lifetime achievement awards](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/lifetime-achievement-awards/)
- [Recurring events established in 1937](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/recurring-events-established-in-1937/)
- [Graphic poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/graphic-poetry/)
- [Word games](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/word-games/)
- [Poetic forms](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/poetic-forms/)
- [Celtic goddesses](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/celtic-goddesses/)
- [Genres of poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/genres-of-poetry/)
- [Irish goddesses](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/irish-goddesses/)
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- [Tuatha Dé Danann](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/tuatha-de-danann/)
- [Figures of speech](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/figures-of-speech/)
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- [Analogy](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/analogy/)
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- [Chronicles](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/chronicles/)
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- [Syntactic relationships](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/syntactic-relationships/)
- [Syntax](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/syntax/)
- [Phonology](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/phonology/)
- [Greek grammar](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/greek-grammar/)
- [Ancient Greek](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/ancient-greek/)
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- [Tropes](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/tropes/)
- [Novel forms](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/novel-forms/)
- [Ancient Greek dances](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/ancient-greek-dances/)
- [Rhetoric](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/rhetoric/)
- [Abbreviations](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/abbreviations/)
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- [Punctuation](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/punctuation/)
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- [Lexicology](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/lexicology/)
- [Writing systems](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/writing-systems/)
- [Writing systems introduced in the 1990s](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/writing-systems-introduced-in-the-1990s/)
- [1997 introductions](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1997-introductions/)
- [Poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/poetry/)
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- [Pseudoscripts](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/pseudoscripts/)
- [Poetic devices](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/poetic-devices/)
- [Astrophysics](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/astrophysics/)
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- [Western medieval lyric forms](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/western-medieval-lyric-forms/)
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- [Avant-garde](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/avant-garde/)
- [Ballads](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/ballads/)
- [Folk music](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/folk-music/)
- [Folk poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/folk-poetry/)
- [Literary criticism](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/literary-criticism/)
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- [Literary criticism stubs](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/literary-criticism-stubs/)
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- [Drama](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/drama/)
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- [Bourgeoisie](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/bourgeoisie/)
- [Fictional heroes](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/fictional-heroes/)
- [Lord Byron](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/lord-byron/)
- [Eponyms](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/eponyms/)
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- [Military history of Acadia](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/military-history-of-acadia/)
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- [Captivity narratives](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/captivity-narratives/)
- [Folklore of the United States](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/folklore-of-the-united-states/)
- [Poetic rhythm](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/poetic-rhythm/)
- [Biography (genre)](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/biography-genre/)
- [1820s neologisms](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1820s-neologisms/)
- [Descriptive technique](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/descriptive-technique/)
- [Paremiology](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/paremiology/)
- [Jargon](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/jargon/)
- [Reading (process)](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/reading-process/)
- [Closet drama](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/closet-drama/)
- [Theatre](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/theatre/)
- [French literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/french-literature/)
- [Comedy genres](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/comedy-genres/)
- [Fictional characters by role in the narrative structure](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/fictional-characters-by-role-in-the-narrative-structure/)
- [Acting](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/acting/)
- [Commedia dell'arte](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/commedia-dellarte/)
- [History of theatre](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/history-of-theatre/)
- [Commedia dell'arte characters](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/commedia-dellarte-characters/)
- [Metaphor](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/metaphor/)
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- [Concepts in ethics](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/concepts-in-ethics/)
- [Types of verses](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/types-of-verses/)
- [Ancient Greek theatre](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/ancient-greek-theatre/)
- [Latin literary phrases](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/latin-literary-phrases/)
- [Plot (narrative)](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/plot-narrative/)
- [Television terminology](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/television-terminology/)
- [Antennas (radio)](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/antennas-radio/)
- [Heinrich Hertz](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/heinrich-hertz/)
- [Radio frequency antenna types](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/radio-frequency-antenna-types/)
- [Radio technology](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/radio-technology/)
- [Discourse analysis](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/discourse-analysis/)
- [Sociolinguistics](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/sociolinguistics/)
- [Anthropology](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/anthropology/)
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- [Debating](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/debating/)
- [Solid mechanics](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/solid-mechanics/)
- [Tensors](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/tensors/)
- [Italian poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/italian-poetry/)
- [Medieval literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/medieval-literature/)
- [Divine Comedy](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/divine-comedy/)
- [Italian words and phrases](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/italian-words-and-phrases/)
- [1842 poems](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1842-poems/)
- [English poetry collections](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/english-poetry-collections/)
- [Poetry by Robert Browning](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/poetry-by-robert-browning/)
- [Works based on Pied Piper of Hamelin](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/works-based-on-pied-piper-of-hamelin/)
- [Poetry collection stubs](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/poetry-collection-stubs/)
- [Book design](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/book-design/)
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- [Non-fiction genres](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/non-fiction-genres/)
- [History of European literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/history-of-european-literature/)
- [Emblem books](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/emblem-books/)
- [Iconography](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/iconography/)
- [Rhyme](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/rhyme/)
- [Stanzaic form](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/stanzaic-form/)
- [Wordplay](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/wordplay/)
- [Phonaesthetics](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/phonaesthetics/)
- [French words and phrases](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/french-words-and-phrases/)
- [Opera terminology](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/opera-terminology/)
- [French poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/french-poetry/)
- [Linguistics](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/linguistics/)
- [Pages translated from French Wikipedia](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/pages-translated-from-french-wikipedia/)
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- [Literary theory](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/literary-theory/)
- [Fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/fiction/)
- [Early modern women writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/early-modern-women-writers/)
- [Concepts in ancient Greek epistemology](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/concepts-in-ancient-greek-epistemology/)
- [Knowledge](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/knowledge/)
- [Michel Foucault](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/michel-foucault/)
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- [3rd-millennium BC introductions](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/3rd-millennium-bc-introductions/)
- [Ancient Egyptian literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/ancient-egyptian-literature/)
- [Canonical epistles](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/canonical-epistles/)
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- [Fifth Dynasty of Egypt](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/fifth-dynasty-of-egypt/)
- [Letters (message)](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/letters-message/)
- [Pedagogy](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/pedagogy/)
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- [Cognitive biases](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/cognitive-biases/)
- [Defence mechanisms](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/defence-mechanisms/)
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- [Tall tales](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/tall-tales/)
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- [Exegesis](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/exegesis/)
- [Religious terminology](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/religious-terminology/)
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- [19th century in France](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/19th-century-in-france/)
- [Cultural history of Europe](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/cultural-history-of-europe/)
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- [Book formats](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/book-formats/)
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- [Printing terminology](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/printing-terminology/)
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- [Black comedy](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/black-comedy/)
- [Humour](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/humour/)
- [Jokes](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/jokes/)
- [Stand-up comedy](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/stand-up-comedy/)
- [Dutch doom metal musical groups](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/dutch-doom-metal-musical-groups/)
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- [Dutch musical quintets](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/dutch-musical-quintets/)
- [Dutch progressive metal musical groups](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/dutch-progressive-metal-musical-groups/)
- [Century Media Records artists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/century-media-records-artists/)
- [Sanctuary Records artists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/sanctuary-records-artists/)
- [Season of Mist artists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/season-of-mist-artists/)
- [The End Records artists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/the-end-records-artists/)
- [Musical groups established in 1989](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/musical-groups-established-in-1989/)
- [Musical groups disestablished in 2014](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/musical-groups-disestablished-in-2014/)
- [Musical groups from North Brabant](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/musical-groups-from-north-brabant/)
- [Female-fronted musical groups](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/female-fronted-musical-groups/)
- [Mixed-gender musical quintets](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/mixed-gender-musical-quintets/)
- [Organisations based in Oss](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/organisations-based-in-oss/)
- [Medieval poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/medieval-poetry/)
- [Wisdom literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/wisdom-literature/)
- [Ancient Greek poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/ancient-greek-poetry/)
- [Virgil](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/virgil/)
- [Latin poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/latin-poetry/)
- [Christian hagiography](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/christian-hagiography/)
- [Sainthood](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/sainthood/)
- [Christian hamartiology](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/christian-hamartiology/)
- [Christian terminology](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/christian-terminology/)
- [Poetics](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/poetics/)
- [English folklore](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/english-folklore/)
- [Singing games](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/singing-games/)
- [Songs about London](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/songs-about-london/)
- [English nursery rhymes](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/english-nursery-rhymes/)
- [English children's songs](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/english-childrens-songs/)
- [English folk songs](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/english-folk-songs/)
- [Traditional children's songs](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/traditional-childrens-songs/)
- [London folklore](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/london-folklore/)
- [Sonnet studies](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/sonnet-studies/)
- [Biblical criticism](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/biblical-criticism/)
- [Historicity of the Bible](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/historicity-of-the-bible/)
- [Historiography of religion](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/historiography-of-religion/)
- [Holography](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/holography/)
- [British inventions](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/british-inventions/)
- [Hungarian inventions](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/hungarian-inventions/)
- [Laser image generation](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/laser-image-generation/)
- [Photographic techniques](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/photographic-techniques/)
- [3D imaging](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/3d-imaging/)
- [Ethology](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/ethology/)
- [Bird behavior](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/bird-behavior/)
- [Insect behavior](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/insect-behavior/)
- [Religious music](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/religious-music/)
- [Christian hymns](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/christian-hymns/)
- [Christian music genres](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/christian-music-genres/)
- [Song forms](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/song-forms/)
- [Hymns](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/hymns/)
- [Christian music](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/christian-music/)
- [Chants](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/chants/)
- [Word order](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/word-order/)
- [Obfuscation](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/obfuscation/)
- [Latin-language literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/latin-language-literature/)
- [New Testament](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/new-testament/)
- [Greek literature (post-classical)](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/greek-literature-post-classical/)
- [Grammar stubs](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/grammar-stubs/)
- [Clay tablets](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/clay-tablets/)
- [Publishing](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/publishing/)
- [Formal sections in music analysis](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/formal-sections-in-music-analysis/)
- [Catholic canonical documents](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/catholic-canonical-documents/)
- [Inference](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/inference/)
- [Concepts in logic](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/concepts-in-logic/)
- [Concepts in metaphilosophy](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/concepts-in-metaphilosophy/)
- [Concepts in metaphysics](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/concepts-in-metaphysics/)
- [Concepts in the philosophy of mind](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/concepts-in-the-philosophy-of-mind/)
- [History of logic](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/history-of-logic/)
- [Intellectual history](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/intellectual-history/)
- [Logic](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/logic/)
- [Logic and statistics](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/logic-and-statistics/)
- [Logical consequence](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/logical-consequence/)
- [Metaphysics of mind](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/metaphysics-of-mind/)
- [Reasoning](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/reasoning/)
- [Sources of knowledge](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/sources-of-knowledge/)
- [Thought](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/thought/)
- [Stuart England](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/stuart-england/)
- [Historical eras](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/historical-eras/)
- [History of the United Kingdom by period](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/history-of-the-united-kingdom-by-period/)
- [James VI and I](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/james-vi-and-i/)
- [17th century in England](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/17th-century-in-england/)
- [17th century in Scotland](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/17th-century-in-scotland/)
- [Chinese poetry forms](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/chinese-poetry-forms/)
- [Jueju](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/jueju/)
- [Icelandic literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/icelandic-literature/)
- [Old Norse](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/old-norse/)
- [Old Norse poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/old-norse-poetry/)
- [Old English poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/old-english-poetry/)
- [Style guides for British English](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/style-guides-for-british-english/)
- [1906 non-fiction books](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1906-non-fiction-books/)
- [Vocabulary and usage stubs](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/vocabulary-and-usage-stubs/)
- [Linguistics book stubs](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/linguistics-book-stubs/)
- [English male poets](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/english-male-poets/)
- [Robert Southey](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/robert-southey/)
- [Samuel Taylor Coleridge](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/samuel-taylor-coleridge/)
- [William Wordsworth](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/william-wordsworth/)
- [English literary movements](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/english-literary-movements/)
- [History of Cumbria](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/history-of-cumbria/)
- [19th century in England](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/19th-century-in-england/)
- [19th-century British literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/19th-century-british-literature/)
- [Lake District in fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/lake-district-in-fiction/)
- [Legends](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/legends/)
- [Folklore](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/folklore/)
- [Traditional stories](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/traditional-stories/)
- [Medieval Latin poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/medieval-latin-poetry/)
- [Grammatical gender](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/grammatical-gender/)
- [Linguistic morphology](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/linguistic-morphology/)
- [Comedy](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/comedy/)
- [Lists of English words](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/lists-of-english-words/)
- [Sonnets](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/sonnets/)
- [Italian inventions](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/italian-inventions/)
- [Literature lists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/literature-lists/)
- [Fauvism](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/fauvism/)
- [French art](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/french-art/)
- [Henri Matisse](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/henri-matisse/)
- [André Derain](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/andre-derain/)
- [Interpretation (philosophy)](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/interpretation-philosophy/)
- [Communication theory](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/communication-theory/)
- [Fallacies](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/fallacies/)
- [Logic-related lists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/logic-related-lists/)
- [Popular culture](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/popular-culture/)
- [Lüshi](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/lushi/)
- [1981 births](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1981-births/)
- [Living people](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/living-people/)
- [21st-century novelists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/21st-century-novelists/)
- [21st-century women novelists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/21st-century-women-novelists/)
- [21st-century screenwriters](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/21st-century-screenwriters/)
- [Afghan novelists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/afghan-novelists/)
- [Iranian novelists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/iranian-novelists/)
- [Iranian women novelists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/iranian-women-novelists/)
- [University of Tehran alumni](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/university-of-tehran-alumni/)
- [Afghan women novelists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/afghan-women-novelists/)
- [Albanian male writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/albanian-male-writers/)
- [20th-century Albanian writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/20th-century-albanian-writers/)
- [21st-century Albanian writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/21st-century-albanian-writers/)
- [Albanian mathematicians](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/albanian-mathematicians/)
- [1944 births](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1944-births/)
- [Qemal Stafa High School alumni](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/qemal-stafa-high-school-alumni/)
- [People from Elbasan](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/people-from-elbasan/)
- [Socialist realism writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/socialist-realism-writers/)
- [Frantz Fanon](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/frantz-fanon/)
- [1925 births](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1925-births/)
- [1961 deaths](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1961-deaths/)
- [20th-century French philosophers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/20th-century-french-philosophers/)
- [20th-century French medical doctors](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/20th-century-french-medical-doctors/)
- [20th-century French writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/20th-century-french-writers/)
- [Algerian independence activists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/algerian-independence-activists/)
- [Emigrants from the British West Indies](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/emigrants-from-the-british-west-indies/)
- [Deaths from leukemia in Maryland](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/deaths-from-leukemia-in-maryland/)
- [Existentialists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/existentialists/)
- [French Marxist historians](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/french-marxist-historians/)
- [French Marxist writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/french-marxist-writers/)
- [French Army soldiers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/french-army-soldiers/)
- [French medical writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/french-medical-writers/)
- [French Army personnel of World War II](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/french-army-personnel-of-world-war-ii/)
- [Free French military personnel of World War II](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/free-french-military-personnel-of-world-war-ii/)
- [French pan-Africanists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/french-pan-africanists/)
- [French people of Martiniquais descent](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/french-people-of-martiniquais-descent/)
- [French psychiatrists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/french-psychiatrists/)
- [Martiniquais people of French descent](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/martiniquais-people-of-french-descent/)
- [Martiniquais philosophers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/martiniquais-philosophers/)
- [Martiniquais writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/martiniquais-writers/)
- [Marxist humanists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/marxist-humanists/)
- [Marxist theorists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/marxist-theorists/)
- [Pan-Africanists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/pan-africanists/)
- [People from Fort-de-France](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/people-from-fort-de-france/)
- [Postcolonial theorists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/postcolonial-theorists/)
- [Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/recipients-of-the-croix-de-guerre-1939-1945-france/)
- [Revolution theorists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/revolution-theorists/)
- [University of Lyon alumni](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/university-of-lyon-alumni/)
- [Urban theorists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/urban-theorists/)
- [People from the French West Indies](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/people-from-the-french-west-indies/)
- [1941 births](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1941-births/)
- [21st-century Algerian women writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/21st-century-algerian-women-writers/)
- [21st-century Algerian writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/21st-century-algerian-writers/)
- [Algerian emigrants to France](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/algerian-emigrants-to-france/)
- [Algerian people of French descent](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/algerian-people-of-french-descent/)
- [Officiers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/officiers-of-the-ordre-des-arts-et-des-lettres/)
- [1960 births](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1960-births/)
- [People from Huambo](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/people-from-huambo/)
- [Angolan people of Portuguese descent](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/angolan-people-of-portuguese-descent/)
- [Angolan people of Brazilian descent](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/angolan-people-of-brazilian-descent/)
- [21st-century Angolan writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/21st-century-angolan-writers/)
- [Angolan radio presenters](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/angolan-radio-presenters/)
- [Angolan newspaper journalists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/angolan-newspaper-journalists/)
- [Angolan journalists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/angolan-journalists/)
- [1966 births](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1966-births/)
- [20th-century male writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/20th-century-male-writers/)
- [20th-century novelists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/20th-century-novelists/)
- [Alumni of the University of Westminster](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/alumni-of-the-university-of-westminster/)
- [People from Huambo Province](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/people-from-huambo-province/)
- [Angolan children's writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/angolan-childrens-writers/)
- [Instituto Superior Técnico alumni](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/instituto-superior-tecnico-alumni/)
- [People from Benguela](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/people-from-benguela/)
- [University of Lisbon alumni](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/university-of-lisbon-alumni/)
- [Academic staff of the Agostinho Neto University](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/academic-staff-of-the-agostinho-neto-university/)
- [1949 births](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1949-births/)
- [People from Coronel Pringles](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/people-from-coronel-pringles/)
- [Argentine male dramatists and playwrights](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/argentine-male-dramatists-and-playwrights/)
- [Argentine essayists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/argentine-essayists/)
- [Argentine translators](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/argentine-translators/)
- [Argentine male novelists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/argentine-male-novelists/)
- [Argentine male essayists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/argentine-male-essayists/)
- [English–Spanish translators](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/english-spanish-translators/)
- [Translators of William Shakespeare](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/translators-of-william-shakespeare/)
- [Academic staff of the University of Buenos Aires](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/academic-staff-of-the-university-of-buenos-aires/)
- [1935 births](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1935-births/)
- [2017 deaths](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/2017-deaths/)
- [Writers from Buenos Aires Province](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/writers-from-buenos-aires-province/)
- [Argentine male writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/argentine-male-writers/)
- [Argentine diarists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/argentine-diarists/)
- [Argentine writer stubs](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/argentine-writer-stubs/)
- [Julio Cortázar](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/julio-cortazar/)
- [1914 births](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1914-births/)
- [1984 deaths](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1984-deaths/)
- [20th-century Argentine male writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/20th-century-argentine-male-writers/)
- [20th-century Argentine novelists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/20th-century-argentine-novelists/)
- [20th-century atheists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/20th-century-atheists/)
- [20th-century French essayists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/20th-century-french-essayists/)
- [20th-century French male writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/20th-century-french-male-writers/)
- [20th-century French novelists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/20th-century-french-novelists/)
- [20th-century French photographers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/20th-century-french-photographers/)
- [20th-century French memoirists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/20th-century-french-memoirists/)
- [20th-century French poets](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/20th-century-french-poets/)
- [20th-century French short story writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/20th-century-french-short-story-writers/)
- [20th-century Argentine translators](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/20th-century-argentine-translators/)
- [Architectural photographers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/architectural-photographers/)
- [Argentine atheists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/argentine-atheists/)
- [Argentine comics artists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/argentine-comics-artists/)
- [Argentine comics writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/argentine-comics-writers/)
- [Argentine emigrants to France](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/argentine-emigrants-to-france/)
- [Argentine expatriates in France](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/argentine-expatriates-in-france/)
- [Argentine male poets](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/argentine-male-poets/)
- [Argentine male short story writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/argentine-male-short-story-writers/)
- [Argentine people of French descent](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/argentine-people-of-french-descent/)
- [Argentine people of German descent](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/argentine-people-of-german-descent/)
- [Argentine people of Spanish descent](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/argentine-people-of-spanish-descent/)
- [Argentine photographers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/argentine-photographers/)
- [Argentine speculative fiction writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/argentine-speculative-fiction-writers/)
- [Argentine travel writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/argentine-travel-writers/)
- [French-language Argentine writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/french-language-argentine-writers/)
- [Belgian emigrants to Argentina](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/belgian-emigrants-to-argentina/)
- [Burials at Montparnasse Cemetery](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/burials-at-montparnasse-cemetery/)
- [French atheists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/french-atheists/)
- [French autobiographers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/french-autobiographers/)
- [French comics artists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/french-comics-artists/)
- [French comics writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/french-comics-writers/)
- [French fantasy writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/french-fantasy-writers/)
- [French horror writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/french-horror-writers/)
- [French male essayists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/french-male-essayists/)
- [French male novelists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/french-male-novelists/)
- [French male poets](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/french-male-poets/)
- [French male short story writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/french-male-short-story-writers/)
- [French memoirists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/french-memoirists/)
- [French–Spanish translators](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/french-spanish-translators/)
- [French speculative fiction writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/french-speculative-fiction-writers/)
- [French translators](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/french-translators/)
- [French travel writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/french-travel-writers/)
- [Graphic novelists](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/graphic-novelists/)
- [Magical realism writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/magical-realism-writers/)
- [Members of the Academy of Arts](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/members-of-the-academy-of-arts/)
- [Berlin](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/berlin/)
- [Naturalized citizens of France](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/naturalized-citizens-of-france/)
- [Postmodern writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/postmodern-writers/)
- [Prix Médicis étranger winners](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/prix-medicis-etranger-winners/)
- [Surrealist writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/surrealist-writers/)
- [Translators of Edgar Allan Poe](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/translators-of-edgar-allan-poe/)
- [University of Buenos Aires alumni](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/university-of-buenos-aires-alumni/)
- [Weird fiction writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/weird-fiction-writers/)
- [Writers about activism and social change](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/writers-about-activism-and-social-change/)
- [Writers from Paris](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/writers-from-paris/)
- [Writers who illustrated their own writing](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/writers-who-illustrated-their-own-writing/)
- [1874 births](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1874-births/)
- [1952 deaths](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/1952-deaths/)
- [Writers from Buenos Aires](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/writers-from-buenos-aires/)
- [Burials at La Recoleta Cemetery](https://lcdcompendium.com/category/burials-at-la-recoleta-cemetery/)

## Tags

- [Renaissance literature overview](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/renaissance-literature-overview/)
- [Renaissance authors](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/renaissance-authors/)
- [Shakespearean literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/shakespearean-literature/)
- [Renaissance literary works](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/renaissance-literary-works/)
- [Elizabethan literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/elizabethan-literature/)
- [humanism in Renaissance literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/humanism-in-renaissance-literature/)
- [Italian Renaissance literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/italian-renaissance-literature/)
- [Renaissance poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/renaissance-poetry/)
- [Makar mythology](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/makar-mythology/)
- [Makar symbolism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/makar-symbolism/)
- [Makar Sankranti](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/makar-sankranti/)
- [Makar festival](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/makar-festival/)
- [Makar in Hinduism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/makar-in-hinduism/)
- [Makar traditions](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/makar-traditions/)
- [Makar meaning](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/makar-meaning/)
- [Makar cultural significance](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/makar-cultural-significance/)
- [Scots Makars](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/scots-makars/)
- [Scots language](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/scots-language/)
- [Scottish literary movements](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/scottish-literary-movements/)
- [Scottish poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/scottish-poetry/)
- [Middle Scots poets](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/middle-scots-poets/)
- [Mannerism art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/mannerism-art/)
- [Renaissance art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/renaissance-art/)
- [High Renaissance](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/high-renaissance/)
- [elongated figures](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/elongated-figures/)
- [complex compositions](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/complex-compositions/)
- [Mannerist painters](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/mannerist-painters/)
- [Mannerism in Italy](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/mannerism-in-italy/)
- [Mannerist style](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/mannerist-style/)
- [Petrarch](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/petrarch/)
- [Italian Renaissance poet](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/italian-renaissance-poet/)
- [The Canzoniere](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/the-canzoniere/)
- [Humanism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/humanism/)
- [Sonnet](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/sonnet/)
- [Laura](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/laura/)
- [Renaissance Italy](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/renaissance-italy/)
- [Dante Alighieri](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/dante-alighieri/)
- [Grobian character](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/grobian-character/)
- [Fictional Christian saints](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/fictional-christian-saints/)
- [Medieval legends](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/medieval-legends/)
- [German folklore](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/german-folklore/)
- [Fictional characters introduced in the 15th century](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/fictional-characters-introduced-in-the-15th-century/)
- [Castalian Band](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/castalian-band/)
- [University of Alabama Marching Band](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/university-of-alabama-marching-band/)
- [Alabama Football Game Performances](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/alabama-football-game-performances/)
- [History of Castalian Band](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/history-of-castalian-band/)
- [Bama Football Events](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/bama-football-events/)
- [University of Alabama Homecoming Traditions](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/university-of-alabama-homecoming-traditions/)
- [Castalian Band Legacy](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/castalian-band-legacy/)
- [Alabama Marching Band Traditions](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/alabama-marching-band-traditions/)
- [Baroque art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/baroque-art/)
- [Baroque architecture](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/baroque-architecture/)
- [Baroque music](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/baroque-music/)
- [Baroque sculpture](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/baroque-sculpture/)
- [Baroque painting](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/baroque-painting/)
- [Baroque](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/baroque/)
- [Marinism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/marinism/)
- [Conceptismo](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/conceptismo/)
- [Spanish literary movements](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/spanish-literary-movements/)
- [Baroque literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/baroque-literature/)
- [Spanish Baroque](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/spanish-baroque/)
- [Culteranismo](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/culteranismo/)
- [Spanish Golden Age](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/spanish-golden-age/)
- [Lope de Vega](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/lope-de-vega/)
- [Calderón de la Barca](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/calderon-de-la-barca/)
- [metaphysical poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/metaphysical-poetry/)
- [Baroque style](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/baroque-style/)
- [Culteranismo vs. Conceptismo](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/culteranismo-vs-conceptismo/)
- [Spanish Renaissance](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/spanish-renaissance/)
- [Précieuses](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/precieuses/)
- [17th-century France](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/17th-century-france/)
- [French literary salons](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/french-literary-salons/)
- [women in French history](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/women-in-french-history/)
- [précieuses movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/precieuses-movement/)
- [French cultural history](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/french-cultural-history/)
- [précieuses and society](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/precieuses-and-society/)
- [précieuses literature.](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/precieuses-literature/)
- [John Donne](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/john-donne/)
- [metaphysical conceits](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/metaphysical-conceits/)
- [17th-century English poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/17th-century-english-poetry/)
- [religious themes in metaphysical poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/religious-themes-in-metaphysical-poetry/)
- [themes in metaphysical poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/themes-in-metaphysical-poetry/)
- [George Herbert](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/george-herbert/)
- [Andrew Marvell](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/andrew-marvell/)
- [Cavalier poet](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/cavalier-poet/)
- [17th-century literature of England](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/17th-century-literature-of-england/)
- [Cavaliers](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/cavaliers/)
- [English poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/english-poetry/)
- [Charles I of England](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/charles-i-of-england/)
- [Euphuism definition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/euphuism-definition/)
- [Euphuistic style](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/euphuistic-style/)
- [John Lyly](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/john-lyly/)
- [Renaissance literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/renaissance-literature/)
- [Ornate language](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/ornate-language/)
- [Elaborate prose](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/elaborate-prose/)
- [Alliteration in literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/alliteration-in-literature/)
- [16th century writing style](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/16th-century-writing-style/)
- [Classical art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/classical-art/)
- [Classical architecture](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/classical-architecture/)
- [Ancient Greek art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/ancient-greek-art/)
- [Ancient Roman architecture](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/ancient-roman-architecture/)
- [Classical principles](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/classical-principles/)
- [Neoclassical movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/neoclassical-movement/)
- [Classical design](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/classical-design/)
- [amatory fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/amatory-fiction/)
- [romantic literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/romantic-literature/)
- [erotic fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/erotic-fiction/)
- [historical romance novels](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/historical-romance-novels/)
- [love stories in literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/love-stories-in-literature/)
- [1](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/1/)
- [British literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/british-literature/)
- [Literary genres](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/literary-genres/)
- [Rococo art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/rococo-art/)
- [Rococo period](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/rococo-period/)
- [Rococo style](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/rococo-style/)
- [Rococo architecture](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/rococo-architecture/)
- [Rococo interior design](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/rococo-interior-design/)
- [Rococo paintings](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/rococo-paintings/)
- [French Rococo](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/french-rococo/)
- [Rococo furniture](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/rococo-furniture/)
- [Sentimentalism in literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/sentimentalism-in-literature/)
- [emotional themes in literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/emotional-themes-in-literature/)
- [18th century literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/18th-century-literature/)
- [literary movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/literary-movement/)
- [sentimental novels](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/sentimental-novels/)
- [emotional expression in literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/emotional-expression-in-literature/)
- [literary sentimentalism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/literary-sentimentalism/)
- [sentimentalism definition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/sentimentalism-definition/)
- [Gothic fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/gothic-fiction/)
- [horror elements](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/horror-elements/)
- [dark romance](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/dark-romance/)
- [supernatural themes](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/supernatural-themes/)
- [Victorian era](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/victorian-era/)
- [haunted mansions](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/haunted-mansions/)
- [mystery and suspense](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/mystery-and-suspense/)
- [tragic heroines](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/tragic-heroines/)
- [Sturm und Drang definition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/sturm-und-drang-definition/)
- [Sturm und Drang literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/sturm-und-drang-literature/)
- [Sturm und Drang movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/sturm-und-drang-movement/)
- [Sturm und Drang history](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/sturm-und-drang-history/)
- [Sturm und Drang Goethe](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/sturm-und-drang-goethe/)
- [Sturm und Drang Schiller](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/sturm-und-drang-schiller/)
- [Sturm und Drang characteristics](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/sturm-und-drang-characteristics/)
- [Sturm und Drang influence](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/sturm-und-drang-influence/)
- [Sturm und Drang](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/sturm-und-drang/)
- [German philosophy](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/german-philosophy/)
- [Early modern history of Germany](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/early-modern-history-of-germany/)
- [Submovements of Romanticism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/submovements-of-romanticism/)
- [Johann Wolfgang von Goethe](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/johann-wolfgang-von-goethe/)
- [18th-century theatre](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/18th-century-theatre/)
- [18th-century German literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/18th-century-german-literature/)
- [Quotations from literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/quotations-from-literature/)
- [1770s neologisms](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/1770s-neologisms/)
- [1770s quotations](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/1770s-quotations/)
- [Criticism of rationalism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/criticism-of-rationalism/)
- [Romanticism definition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/romanticism-definition/)
- [Romanticism literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/romanticism-literature/)
- [Romanticism art movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/romanticism-art-movement/)
- [Romanticism themes](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/romanticism-themes/)
- [Romanticism poets](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/romanticism-poets/)
- [Romanticism and nature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/romanticism-and-nature/)
- [Romanticism emotional expression](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/romanticism-emotional-expression/)
- [Romanticism 18th to 19th century.](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/romanticism-18th-to-19th-century/)
- [Dark Romanticism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/dark-romanticism/)
- [Gothic literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/gothic-literature/)
- [Edgar Allan Poe](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/edgar-allan-poe/)
- [themes of darkness](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/themes-of-darkness/)
- [sublime and grotesque](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/sublime-and-grotesque/)
- [Mary Shelley](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/mary-shelley/)
- [emotional depth](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/emotional-depth/)
- [19th century literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/19th-century-literature/)
- [Lake Poets](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/lake-poets/)
- [William Wordsworth](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/william-wordsworth/)
- [Samuel Taylor Coleridge](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/samuel-taylor-coleridge/)
- [Romanticism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/romanticism/)
- [nature poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/nature-poetry/)
- [Lyrical Ballads](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/lyrical-ballads/)
- [English Romantic poets](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/english-romantic-poets/)
- [Lake District](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/lake-district/)
- [Pre](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/pre/)
- [Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/pre-raphaelite-brotherhood/)
- [19th-century art groups](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/19th-century-art-groups/)
- [Art movements](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/art-movements/)
- [British artist groups and collectives](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/british-artist-groups-and-collectives/)
- [British art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/british-art/)
- [Victorian culture](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/victorian-culture/)
- [19th century in the arts](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/19th-century-in-the-arts/)
- [Arts organizations established in 1848](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/arts-organizations-established-in-1848/)
- [1848 establishments in England](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/1848-establishments-in-england/)
- [19th century in art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/19th-century-in-art/)
- [Dante Gabriel Rossetti](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/dante-gabriel-rossetti/)
- [Septets](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/septets/)
- [Transcendentalism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/transcendentalism/)
- [Concord](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/concord/)
- [Massachusetts](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/massachusetts/)
- [History of New England](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/history-of-new-england/)
- [New England](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/new-england/)
- [Perennial philosophy](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/perennial-philosophy/)
- [Romantic philosophy](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/romantic-philosophy/)
- [Spiritual philosophy](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/spiritual-philosophy/)
- [Unitarianism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/unitarianism/)
- [philosophical realism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/philosophical-realism/)
- [Realism in art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/realism-in-art/)
- [Literary realism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/literary-realism/)
- [Realism definition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/realism-definition/)
- [Realism vs idealism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/realism-vs-idealism/)
- [Realism in philosophy](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/realism-in-philosophy/)
- [Realism in literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/realism-in-literature/)
- [Real](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/real/)
- [Verismo literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/verismo-literature/)
- [Italian literary movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/italian-literary-movement/)
- [social issues in literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/social-issues-in-literature/)
- [late 19th century literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/late-19th-century-literature/)
- [Verismo authors](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/verismo-authors/)
- [naturalism in literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/naturalism-in-literature/)
- [literary realism movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/literary-realism-movement/)
- [Literary movements](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/literary-movements/)
- [Naturalism (literature)](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/naturalism-literature/)
- [Italian literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/italian-literature/)
- [Italian literary movements](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/italian-literary-movements/)
- [social realism art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/social-realism-art/)
- [realism in contemporary art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/realism-in-contemporary-art/)
- [social issues in art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/social-issues-in-art/)
- [historical context of social realism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/historical-context-of-social-realism/)
- [realism movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/realism-movement/)
- [everyday life depiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/everyday-life-depiction/)
- [art and social justice](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/art-and-social-justice/)
- [documentary style in art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/documentary-style-in-art/)
- [socialist realism definition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/socialist-realism-definition/)
- [history of socialist realism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/history-of-socialist-realism/)
- [key characteristics of socialist realism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/key-characteristics-of-socialist-realism/)
- [notable artists in socialist realism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/notable-artists-in-socialist-realism/)
- [socialist realism in the soviet union](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/socialist-realism-in-the-soviet-union/)
- [socialist realism vs other art movements](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/socialist-realism-vs-other-art-movements/)
- [impact of socialist realism on modern art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/impact-of-socialist-realism-on-modern-art/)
- [socialist realism in china](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/socialist-realism-in-china/)
- [Socialist realism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/socialist-realism/)
- [Film styles](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/film-styles/)
- [Socialism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/socialism/)
- [Realism (art movement)](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/realism-art-movement/)
- [Graphic design aesthetics](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/graphic-design-aesthetics/)
- [Propaganda art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/propaganda-art/)
- [Soviet painters](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/soviet-painters/)
- [Censorship in the Soviet Union](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/censorship-in-the-soviet-union/)
- [Propaganda in the Soviet Union](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/propaganda-in-the-soviet-union/)
- [Russian art movements](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/russian-art-movements/)
- [American realism literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/american-realism-literature/)
- [realism in American literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/realism-in-american-literature/)
- [19th century American literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/19th-century-american-literature/)
- [American literary movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/american-literary-movement/)
- [Mark Twain](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/mark-twain/)
- [William Dean Howells](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/william-dean-howells/)
- [everyday life in American literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/everyday-life-in-american-literature/)
- [social realism in America](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/social-realism-in-america/)
- [dirty realism definition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/dirty-realism-definition/)
- [dirty realism literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/dirty-realism-literature/)
- [gritty storytelling](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/gritty-storytelling/)
- [unflinching narratives](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/unflinching-narratives/)
- [raw and unfiltered content](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/raw-and-unfiltered-content/)
- [controversial themes in](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/controversial-themes-in/)
- [American literary movements](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/american-literary-movements/)
- [20th-century American literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/20th-century-american-literature/)
- [1980s neologisms](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/1980s-neologisms/)
- [Charles Bukowski](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/charles-bukowski/)
- [magical realism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/magical-realism/)
- [magical realism in literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/magical-realism-in-literature/)
- [magical realism examples](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/magical-realism-examples/)
- [magical realism vs. fantasy](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/magical-realism-vs-fantasy/)
- [Gabriel García Márquez](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/gabriel-garcia-marquez/)
- [magical realism techniques](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/magical-realism-techniques/)
- [magical realism in film](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/magical-realism-in-film/)
- [magical realism themes](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/magical-realism-themes/)
- [Fiction about magic (supernatural)](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/fiction-about-magic-supernatural/)
- [Speculative fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/speculative-fiction/)
- [20th-century literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/20th-century-literature/)
- [1920s neologisms](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/1920s-neologisms/)
- [Film genres](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/film-genres/)
- [Latin American literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/latin-american-literature/)
- [Visual arts genres](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/visual-arts-genres/)
- [Neo-romanticism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/neo-romanticism/)
- [Decadent movement definition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/decadent-movement-definition/)
- [Decadent movement literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/decadent-movement-literature/)
- [Aestheticism in the Decadent movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/aestheticism-in-the-decadent-movement/)
- [Decadent movement art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/decadent-movement-art/)
- [Victorian Decadence](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/victorian-decadence/)
- [Decadent movement themes](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/decadent-movement-themes/)
- [Oscar Wilde and Decadence](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/oscar-wilde-and-decadence/)
- [Late 19th century art movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/late-19th-century-art-movement/)
- [Aestheticism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/aestheticism/)
- [Art for Art's Sake](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/art-for-arts-sake/)
- [Aesthetic Movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/aesthetic-movement/)
- [Victorian Aestheticism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/victorian-aestheticism/)
- [Beauty in Art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/beauty-in-art/)
- [Aesthetic Philosophy](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/aesthetic-philosophy/)
- [Cultural Impact of Aestheticism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/cultural-impact-of-aestheticism/)
- [Key Figures of Aestheticism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/key-figures-of-aestheticism/)
- [Parnassianism definition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/parnassianism-definition/)
- [Parnassian poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/parnassian-poetry/)
- [French literary movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/french-literary-movement/)
- [artistic purity in literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/artistic-purity-in-literature/)
- [Leconte de Lisle](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/leconte-de-lisle/)
- [Symbolism and Parnassianism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/symbolism-and-parnassianism/)
- [literary techniques in Parnassianism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/literary-techniques-in-parnassianism/)
- [Franco-American literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/franco-american-literature/)
- [French-Canadian literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/french-canadian-literature/)
- [cultural heritage](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/cultural-heritage/)
- [immigration narratives](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/immigration-narratives/)
- [bilingualism in literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/bilingualism-in-literature/)
- [historical fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/historical-fiction/)
- [diaspora experiences](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/diaspora-experiences/)
- [literary traditions](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/literary-traditions/)
- [Symbolism movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/symbolism-movement/)
- [Symbolist](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/symbolist/)
- [Russian symbolism literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/russian-symbolism-literature/)
- [key symbols in Russian culture](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/key-symbols-in-russian-culture/)
- [religious symbolism in Russia](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/religious-symbolism-in-russia/)
- [19th century Russian symbolism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/19th-century-russian-symbolism/)
- [Symbolist movement in Russian art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/symbolist-movement-in-russian-art/)
- [mythology and symbolism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/mythology-and-symbolism/)
- [Irish Literary Revival](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/irish-literary-revival/)
- [W.B. Yeats](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/w-b-yeats/)
- [Lady Gregory](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/lady-gregory/)
- [Irish cultural revival](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/irish-cultural-revival/)
- [Irish language revival](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/irish-language-revival/)
- [Irish literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/irish-literature/)
- [Irish National Theatre](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/irish-national-theatre/)
- [Irish Renaissance.](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/irish-renaissance/)
- [Culture of Ireland](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/culture-of-ireland/)
- [History of Ireland (1801–1923)](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/history-of-ireland-1801-1923/)
- [Irish nationalism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/irish-nationalism/)
- [Modernist art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/modernist-art/)
- [Modernist literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/modernist-literature/)
- [Modernist architecture](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/modernist-architecture/)
- [Modernist movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/modernist-movement/)
- [early 20th century](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/early-20th-century/)
- [Modernism vs. traditionalism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/modernism-vs-traditionalism/)
- [Modernism in design](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/modernism-in-design/)
- [Modernist philosophy](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/modernist-philosophy/)
- [Mahjar meaning](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/mahjar-meaning/)
- [Mahjar definition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/mahjar-definition/)
- [Mahjar history](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/mahjar-history/)
- [Mahjar significance](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/mahjar-significance/)
- [Mahjar in literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/mahjar-in-literature/)
- [Mahjar cultural impact](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/mahjar-cultural-impact/)
- [Mahjar modern usage](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/mahjar-modern-usage/)
- [Mahjar overview](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/mahjar-overview/)
- [Mahjar](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/mahjar/)
- [Lebanese literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/lebanese-literature/)
- [Syrian literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/syrian-literature/)
- [Arab-American literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/arab-american-literature/)
- [20th-century Brazilian literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/20th-century-brazilian-literature/)
- [Argentine literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/argentine-literature/)
- [Migrant literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/migrant-literature/)
- [Futurism art movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/futurism-art-movement/)
- [Futurism history](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/futurism-history/)
- [Futurism in modern art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/futurism-in-modern-art/)
- [Futurism artists](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/futurism-artists/)
- [Futurism manifesto](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/futurism-manifesto/)
- [Futurism and technology](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/futurism-and-technology/)
- [Futurism principles](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/futurism-principles/)
- [Futurism in design](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/futurism-in-design/)
- [Cubo-Futurism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/cubo-futurism/)
- [Cubism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/cubism/)
- [Futurism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/futurism/)
- [Cubo-Futurist art movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/cubo-futurist-art-movement/)
- [early 20th](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/early-20th/)
- [Ego-Futurism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/ego-futurism/)
- [Futurist movements](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/futurist-movements/)
- [Russian literary movements](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/russian-literary-movements/)
- [Russian poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/russian-poetry/)
- [20th-century Russian literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/20th-century-russian-literature/)
- [New Culture Movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/new-culture-movement/)
- [Chen](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/chen/)
- [stream of consciousness](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/stream-of-consciousness/)
- [stream of consciousness writing](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/stream-of-consciousness-writing/)
- [literary technique](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/literary-technique/)
- [stream of consciousness examples](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/stream-of-consciousness-examples/)
- [1850s neologisms](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/1850s-neologisms/)
- [Style (fiction)](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/style-fiction/)
- [Narrative techniques](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/narrative-techniques/)
- [Impressionism art movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/impressionism-art-movement/)
- [Impressionist painters](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/impressionist-painters/)
- [History of Impressionism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/history-of-impressionism/)
- [Expressionism art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/expressionism-art/)
- [Expressionism movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/expressionism-movement/)
- [Expressionist painters](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/expressionist-painters/)
- [Expressionist theater](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/expressionist-theater/)
- [Expressionist film](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/expressionist-film/)
- [early 20th century Expressionism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/early-20th-century-expressionism/)
- [emotional intensity in Expressionism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/emotional-intensity-in-expressionism/)
- [German Expressionism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/german-expressionism/)
- [Dada art movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/dada-art-movement/)
- [Dada history](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/dada-history/)
- [Dada artists](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/dada-artists/)
- [Marcel Duchamp](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/marcel-duchamp/)
- [Dada manifestos](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/dada-manifestos/)
- [Dada poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/dada-poetry/)
- [Surrealism vs Dada](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/surrealism-vs-dada/)
- [Dada in modern art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/dada-in-modern-art/)
- [Dada](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/dada/)
- [Avant-garde art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/avant-garde-art/)
- [20th-century German literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/20th-century-german-literature/)
- [Counterculture of the 1910s](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/counterculture-of-the-1910s/)
- [Counterculture of the 1920s](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/counterculture-of-the-1920s/)
- [Nonsense](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/nonsense/)
- [Anarchist art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/anarchist-art/)
- [Imaginism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/imaginism/)
- [Walls (1968 film)](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/walls-1968-film/)
- [Joseph Losey](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/joseph-losey/)
- [British cinema](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/british-cinema/)
- [drama film](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/drama-film/)
- [Harold Pinter play](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/harold-pinter-play/)
- [psychological drama](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/psychological-drama/)
- [1960s film](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/1960s-film/)
- [character study](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/character-study/)
- [1968 films](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/1968-films/)
- [1968 drama films](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/1968-drama-films/)
- [Hungarian drama films](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/hungarian-drama-films/)
- [1968 Hungarian films](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/1968-hungarian-films/)
- [1960s Hungarian-language films](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/1960s-hungarian-language-films/)
- [Hungarian black-and-white films](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/hungarian-black-and-white-films/)
- [Films directed by András Kovács](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/films-directed-by-andras-kovacs/)
- [Hungarian film stubs](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/hungarian-film-stubs/)
- [Stridentism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/stridentism/)
- [Harlem Renaissance history](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/harlem-renaissance-history/)
- [Scottish Renaissance](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/scottish-renaissance/)
- [Scottish Enlightenment](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/scottish-enlightenment/)
- [Robert Burns](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/robert-burns/)
- [Scottish literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/scottish-literature/)
- [Scottish art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/scottish-art/)
- [Late medieval Scotland](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/late-medieval-scotland/)
- [Scottish cultural revival](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/scottish-cultural-revival/)
- [Scottish history](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/scottish-history/)
- [Literary modernism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/literary-modernism/)
- [Modern history of Scotland](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/modern-history-of-scotland/)
- [20th century in Scotland](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/20th-century-in-scotland/)
- [20th-century British literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/20th-century-british-literature/)
- [Theatre in Scotland](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/theatre-in-scotland/)
- [Jindyworobak Movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/jindyworobak-movement/)
- [Australian literary movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/australian-literary-movement/)
- [Indigenous Australian culture](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/indigenous-australian-culture/)
- [1930s Australian art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/1930s-australian-art/)
- [Cultural nationalism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/cultural-nationalism/)
- [Australian bush poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/australian-bush-poetry/)
- [Surrealism art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/surrealism-art/)
- [Surrealist artists](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/surrealist-artists/)
- [Dream interpretation](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/dream-interpretation/)
- [Unconscious mind](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/unconscious-mind/)
- [Automatism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/automatism/)
- [Surrealism movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/surrealism-movement/)
- [Surrealist paintings](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/surrealist-paintings/)
- [Surrealism definition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/surrealism-definition/)
- [Oberiu](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/oberiu/)
- [Russian avant-garde](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/russian-avant-garde/)
- [surrealist poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/surrealist-poetry/)
- [experimental literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/experimental-literature/)
- [Russian Futurism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/russian-futurism/)
- [avant-garde movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/avant-garde-movement/)
- [surrealist writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/surrealist-writers/)
- [literary group](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/literary-group/)
- [Los Contemporáneos](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/los-contemporaneos/)
- [Mexican modernist art movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/mexican-modernist-art-movement/)
- [Mexican artists 1920s-1930s](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/mexican-artists-1920s-1930s/)
- [Négritude definition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/negritude-definition/)
- [Aimé Césaire](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/aime-cesaire/)
- [Léopold Sédar Senghor](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/leopold-sedar-senghor/)
- [African identity](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/african-identity/)
- [anti-colonialism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/anti-colonialism/)
- [Négritude movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/negritude-movement/)
- [post-colonial literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/post-colonial-literature/)
- [Ayn Rand](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/ayn-rand/)
- [Objectivism philosophy](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/objectivism-philosophy/)
- [Capitalism and Objectivism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/capitalism-and-objectivism/)
- [rational self-interest](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/rational-self-interest/)
- [Individualism in Objectivism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/individualism-in-objectivism/)
- [Ayn Rand quotes](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/ayn-rand-quotes/)
- [moral philosophy Objectivism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/moral-philosophy-objectivism/)
- [Objectivism vs other philosophies](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/objectivism-vs-other-philosophies/)
- [Objectivism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/objectivism/)
- [American philosophy](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/american-philosophy/)
- [Capitalism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/capitalism/)
- [Epistemological theories](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/epistemological-theories/)
- [Egoism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/egoism/)
- [Individualism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/individualism/)
- [Libertarian theory](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/libertarian-theory/)
- [Metaphysical theories](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/metaphysical-theories/)
- [Philosophical schools and traditions](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/philosophical-schools-and-traditions/)
- [Philosophy and atheism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/philosophy-and-atheism/)
- [Political theories](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/political-theories/)
- [Theories of aesthetics](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/theories-of-aesthetics/)
- [Ethical theories](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/ethical-theories/)
- [Natural law](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/natural-law/)
- [Southern Agrarians](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/southern-agrarians/)
- [agrarianism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/agrarianism/)
- [traditional Southern values](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/traditional-southern-values/)
- [New Deal criticism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/new-deal-criticism/)
- [Southern literary movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/southern-literary-movement/)
- [agrarian writers](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/agrarian-writers/)
- [conservation of rural life](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/conservation-of-rural-life/)
- [Agrarian politics in the United States](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/agrarian-politics-in-the-united-states/)
- [Southern United States literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/southern-united-states-literature/)
- [Old Right (United States)](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/old-right-united-states/)
- [Republicanism in the United States](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/republicanism-in-the-united-states/)
- [Vanderbilt University](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/vanderbilt-university/)
- [Allen Tate](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/allen-tate/)
- [postcolonial theory](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/postcolonial-theory/)
- [decolonization](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/decolonization/)
- [colonial legacy](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/colonial-legacy/)
- [postcolonial literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/postcolonial-literature/)
- [post](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/post/)
- [Af](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/af/)
- [Afrofuturism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/afrofuturism/)
- [Afrofuturism definition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/afrofuturism-definition/)
- [African diaspora](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/african-diaspora/)
- [Afrofuturism in pop culture](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/afrofuturism-in-pop-culture/)
- [Black speculative fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/black-speculative-fiction/)
- [Afrofuturism and technology](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/afrofuturism-and-technology/)
- [Afrofuturism history](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/afrofuturism-history/)
- [absurdism definition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/absurdism-definition/)
- [absurdism philosophy](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/absurdism-philosophy/)
- [albert camus absurdism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/albert-camus-absurdism/)
- [absurdism vs existentialism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/absurdism-vs-existentialism/)
- [absurdism in literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/absurdism-in-literature/)
- [absurdism quotes](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/absurdism-quotes/)
- [absurdism meaning](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/absurdism-meaning/)
- [absurdism and nihilism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/absurdism-and-nihilism/)
- [Nouveau roman](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/nouveau-roman/)
- [French literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/french-literature/)
- [anti-narrative techniques](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/anti-narrative-techniques/)
- [experimental writing](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/experimental-writing/)
- [Alain Robbe-Grillet](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/alain-robbe-grillet/)
- [modern literature influence](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/modern-literature-influence/)
- [contemporary French literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/contemporary-french-literature/)
- [concrete poetry definition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/concrete-poetry-definition/)
- [visual poetry techniques](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/visual-poetry-techniques/)
- [concrete poetry examples](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/concrete-poetry-examples/)
- [origins of concrete poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/origins-of-concrete-poetry/)
- [modern concrete poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/modern-concrete-poetry/)
- [concrete poetry vs. traditional poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/concrete-poetry-vs-traditional-poetry/)
- [how to write concrete poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/how-to-write-concrete-poetry/)
- [concrete poetry in education](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/concrete-poetry-in-education/)
- [assault definition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/assault-definition/)
- [types of assault](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/types-of-assault/)
- [assault legal definition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/assault-legal-definition/)
- [domestic assault](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/domestic-assault/)
- [self-defense against assault](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/self-defense-against-assault/)
- [assault statistics](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/assault-statistics/)
- [assault prevention](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/assault-prevention/)
- [criminal assault charges](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/criminal-assault-charges/)
- [Assault](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/assault/)
- [Crimes](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/crimes/)
- [Confessional poetry definition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/confessional-poetry-definition/)
- [emotional poetry themes](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/emotional-poetry-themes/)
- [Sylvia Plath confessional poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/sylvia-plath-confessional-poetry/)
- [personal narrative in poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/personal-narrative-in-poetry/)
- [raw and vulnerable poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/raw-and-vulnerable-poetry/)
- [poetry of self-disclosure](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/poetry-of-self-disclosure/)
- [confessional poetry examples](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/confessional-poetry-examples/)
- [modern confessional poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/modern-confessional-poetry/)
- [village prose](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/village-prose/)
- [rural literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/rural-literature/)
- [pastoral poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/pastoral-poetry/)
- [cultural narratives](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/cultural-narratives/)
- [folklore](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/folklore/)
- [community life](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/community-life/)
- [local traditions](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/local-traditions/)
- [Soviet literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/soviet-literature/)
- [Literary movement stubs](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/literary-movement-stubs/)
- [Oulipo](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/oulipo/)
- [constrained writing](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/constrained-writing/)
- [French literary group](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/french-literary-group/)
- [Oulipo techniques](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/oulipo-techniques/)
- [literary constraints](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/literary-constraints/)
- [Oulipo members](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/oulipo-members/)
- [creative writing techniques](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/creative-writing-techniques/)
- [postmodernism definition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/postmodernism-definition/)
- [postmodernism in art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/postmodernism-in-art/)
- [postmodernism in literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/postmodernism-in-literature/)
- [postmodernism philosophy](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/postmodernism-philosophy/)
- [postmodernism theory](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/postmodernism-theory/)
- [postmodern architecture](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/postmodern-architecture/)
- [postmodernism vs modernism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/postmodernism-vs-modernism/)
- [postmodernism in film](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/postmodernism-in-film/)
- [Postmodernism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/postmodernism/)
- [1880s neologisms](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/1880s-neologisms/)
- [Metanarratives](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/metanarratives/)
- [Modernism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/modernism/)
- [Science fiction themes](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/science-fiction-themes/)
- [Cultural trends](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/cultural-trends/)
- [hungry generation](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/hungry-generation/)
- [ambitious young entrepreneurs](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/ambitious-young-entrepreneurs/)
- [startup success](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/startup-success/)
- [aspiring professionals](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/aspiring-professionals/)
- [innovation and growth](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/innovation-and-growth/)
- [Culture of Kolkata](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/culture-of-kolkata/)
- [Bengali-language literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/bengali-language-literature/)
- [History of the Bengali language](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/history-of-the-bengali-language/)
- [Indian literary movements](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/indian-literary-movements/)
- [Bengali language in India](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/bengali-language-in-india/)
- [Black Arts Movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/black-arts-movement/)
- [Black Power Movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/black-power-movement/)
- [Afrocentrism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/afrocentrism/)
- [Civil Rights Movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/civil-rights-movement/)
- [African American art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/african-american-art/)
- [Black cultural expression](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/black-cultural-expression/)
- [Black](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/black/)
- [1964 introductions](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/1964-introductions/)
- [20th-century art movements](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/20th-century-art-movements/)
- [African and Black nationalism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/african-and-black-nationalism/)
- [African-American poets](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/african-american-poets/)
- [American art movements](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/american-art-movements/)
- [Black Power](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/black-power/)
- [Cultural organizations based in the United States](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/cultural-organizations-based-in-the-united-states/)
- [Post–civil rights era in African-American history](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/post-civil-rights-era-in-african-american-history/)
- [Art exhibitions in the United States](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/art-exhibitions-in-the-united-states/)
- [African-American literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/african-american-literature/)
- [New Wave movements](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/new-wave-movements/)
- [New Wave music](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/new-wave-music/)
- [New Wave bands](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/new-wave-bands/)
- [New Wave art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/new-wave-art/)
- [Set index articles](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/set-index-articles/)
- [minimalist lifestyle](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/minimalist-lifestyle/)
- [decluttering tips](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/decluttering-tips/)
- [digital minimalism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/digital-minimalism/)
- [benefits of minimalism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/benefits-of-minimalism/)
- [how to live simply](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/how-to-live-simply/)
- [minimalist home design](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/minimalist-home-design/)
- [minimalist fashion](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/minimalist-fashion/)
- [simplify your life](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/simplify-your-life/)
- [Minimalism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/minimalism/)
- [Contemporary art movements](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/contemporary-art-movements/)
- [Modern art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/modern-art/)
- [Abstract art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/abstract-art/)
- [Western art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/western-art/)
- [Simple living](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/simple-living/)
- [1960s in art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/1960s-in-art/)
- [1970s in art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/1970s-in-art/)
- [Postmodern art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/postmodern-art/)
- [Post-war period](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/post-war-period/)
- [Design languages](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/design-languages/)
- [British Poetry Revival](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/british-poetry-revival/)
- [language poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/language-poetry/)
- [experimental poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/experimental-poetry/)
- [avant-garde poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/avant-garde-poetry/)
- [poetic form](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/poetic-form/)
- [linguistic innovation](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/linguistic-innovation/)
- [poetry movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/poetry-movement/)
- [poetic language analysis](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/poetic-language-analysis/)
- [contemporary poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/contemporary-poetry/)
- [Misty Poets movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/misty-poets-movement/)
- [individualism in poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/individualism-in-poetry/)
- [emotional expression in Chinese poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/emotional-expression-in-chinese-poetry/)
- [朦胧诗 movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/朦胧诗-movement/)
- [Chinese modern poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/chinese-modern-poetry/)
- [social critique in poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/social-critique-in-poetry/)
- [1980s Chinese literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/1980s-chinese-literature/)
- [spoken word poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/spoken-word-poetry/)
- [performance poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/performance-poetry/)
- [poetry slams](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/poetry-slams/)
- [rap and spoken word](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/rap-and-spoken-word/)
- [spoken word artists](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/spoken-word-artists/)
- [performance techniques](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/performance-techniques/)
- [emotional expression](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/emotional-expression/)
- [spoken word workshops](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/spoken-word-workshops/)
- [Moscow Conceptualists](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/moscow-conceptualists/)
- [Soviet conceptual art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/soviet-conceptual-art/)
- [Cold War art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/cold-war-art/)
- [Moscow art movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/moscow-art-movement/)
- [conceptual art in the Soviet Union](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/conceptual-art-in-the-soviet-union/)
- [cultural resistance](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/cultural-resistance/)
- [Metarealism art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/metarealism-art/)
- [Metarealism movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/metarealism-movement/)
- [contemporary art movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/contemporary-art-movement/)
- [Metarealism artists](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/metarealism-artists/)
- [metaphysical art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/metaphysical-art/)
- [Metarealism techniques](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/metarealism-techniques/)
- [abstract realism](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/abstract-realism/)
- [Metarealism definition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/metarealism-definition/)
- [New Formalism definition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/new-formalism-definition/)
- [New Formalism poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/new-formalism-poetry/)
- [contemporary poetry movements](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/contemporary-poetry-movements/)
- [traditional poetic forms](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/traditional-poetic-forms/)
- [poetry structure and technique](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/poetry-structure-and-technique/)
- [modern poetry styles](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/modern-poetry-styles/)
- [New Formalism in literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/new-formalism-in-literature/)
- [live poetry performance](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/live-poetry-performance/)
- [performance poetry techniques](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/performance-poetry-techniques/)
- [performance poetry tips](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/performance-poetry-tips/)
- [famous performance poets](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/famous-performance-poets/)
- [how to start performing poetry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/how-to-start-performing-poetry/)
- [New sincerity](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/new-sincerity/)
- [indie rock movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/indie-rock-movement/)
- [authenticity in music](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/authenticity-in-music/)
- [emotional expression in art](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/emotional-expression-in-art/)
- [post-punk era](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/post-punk-era/)
- [sincere art movement](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/sincere-art-movement/)
- [modern sincerity in music](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/modern-sincerity-in-music/)
- [Sastra wangi](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/sastra-wangi/)
- [Sexuality in fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/sexuality-in-fiction/)
- [Indonesian literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/indonesian-literature/)
- [Neo-Decadence](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/neo-decadence/)
- [modern decadence](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/modern-decadence/)
- [art nouveau revival](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/art-nouveau-revival/)
- [opulent lifestyle](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/opulent-lifestyle/)
- [excessive design](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/excessive-design/)
- [vintage meets modern](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/vintage-meets-modern/)
- [luxury fashion trends](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/luxury-fashion-trends/)
- [aesthetic excess](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/aesthetic-excess/)
- [21st-century literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/21st-century-literature/)
- [Decadent literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/decadent-literature/)
- [Fiction by genre](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/fiction-by-genre/)
- [Underground culture](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/underground-culture/)
- [writing genres](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/writing-genres/)
- [types of writing genres](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/types-of-writing-genres/)
- [fiction writing genres](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/fiction-writing-genres/)
- [nonfiction writing genres](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/nonfiction-writing-genres/)
- [common writing genres](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/common-writing-genres/)
- [academic writing genres](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/academic-writing-genres/)
- [creative writing genres](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/creative-writing-genres/)
- [popular](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/popular/)
- [Lists of genres](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/lists-of-genres/)
- [Writing-related lists](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/writing-related-lists/)
- [fiction vs. non-fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/fiction-vs-non-fiction/)
- [types of literary genres](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/types-of-literary-genres/)
- [genre conventions](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/genre-conventions/)
- [mystery](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/mystery/)
- [romance](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/romance/)
- [science fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/science-fiction/)
- [literary elements](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/literary-elements/)
- [genre classification](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/genre-classification/)
- [fiction writing tips](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/fiction-writing-tips/)
- [popular fiction genres](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/popular-fiction-genres/)
- [how to write a novel](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/how-to-write-a-novel/)
- [best fiction books](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/best-fiction-books/)
- [fiction book reviews](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/fiction-book-reviews/)
- [fiction writing prompts](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/fiction-writing-prompts/)
- [fiction writing software](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/fiction-writing-software/)
- [non-fiction writing tips](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/non-fiction-writing-tips/)
- [how to write a non-fiction book](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/how-to-write-a-non-fiction-book/)
- [non-fiction book ideas](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/non-fiction-book-ideas/)
- [best non-fiction books](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/best-non-fiction-books/)
- [non-fiction publishing tips](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/non-fiction-publishing-tips/)
- [writing non-fiction for beginners](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/writing-non-fiction-for-beginners/)
- [non-fiction content marketing](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/non-fiction-content-marketing/)
- [non-fiction author resources](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/non-fiction-author-resources/)
- [short story writing tips](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/short-story-writing-tips/)
- [short story ideas](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/short-story-ideas/)
- [popular short stories](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/popular-short-stories/)
- [short story structure](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/short-story-structure/)
- [short story examples](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/short-story-examples/)
- [writing a short story for beginners](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/writing-a-short-story-for-beginners/)
- [short story themes](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/short-story-themes/)
- [short story vs novel](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/short-story-vs-novel/)
- [Short stories](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/short-stories/)
- [Fiction forms](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/fiction-forms/)
- [Literary terminology](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/literary-terminology/)
- [novella definition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/novella-definition/)
- [how to write a novella](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/how-to-write-a-novella/)
- [novella vs novel](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/novella-vs-novel/)
- [short story vs novella](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/short-story-vs-novella/)
- [novella structure](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/novella-structure/)
- [novella](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/novella/)
- [novel writing tips](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/novel-writing-tips/)
- [novel structure](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/novel-structure/)
- [writing a bestselling novel](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/writing-a-bestselling-novel/)
- [novel plot development](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/novel-plot-development/)
- [character development in novels](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/character-development-in-novels/)
- [novel editing techniques](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/novel-editing-techniques/)
- [genre fiction vs literary fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/genre-fiction-vs-literary-fiction/)
- [Novels](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/novels/)
- [overcoming tragedy](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/overcoming-tragedy/)
- [tragedy in life](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/tragedy-in-life/)
- [personal tragedy](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/personal-tragedy/)
- [dealing with loss](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/dealing-with-loss/)
- [tragedy definition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/tragedy-definition/)
- [surviving tragedy](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/surviving-tragedy/)
- [tragedy stories](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/tragedy-stories/)
- [tragedy and resilience](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/tragedy-and-resilience/)
- [children's literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/childrens-literature/)
- [best children's books](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/best-childrens-books/)
- [picture books for kids](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/picture-books-for-kids/)
- [middle grade books](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/middle-grade-books/)
- [educational children's books](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/educational-childrens-books/)
- [interactive children's books](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/interactive-childrens-books/)
- [how to choose children's books](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/how-to-choose-childrens-books/)
- [children's book authors](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/childrens-book-authors/)
- [fraternity life](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/fraternity-life/)
- [fraternity benefits](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/fraternity-benefits/)
- [fraternity vs sorority](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/fraternity-vs-sorority/)
- [how to join a fraternity](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/how-to-join-a-fraternity/)
- [fraternity events](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/fraternity-events/)
- [fraternity recruitment](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/fraternity-recruitment/)
- [fraternity traditions](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/fraternity-traditions/)
- [fraternity membership](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/fraternity-membership/)
- [Fratire](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/fratire/)
- [Masculinity](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/masculinity/)
- [Men's culture](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/mens-culture/)
- [Satire](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/satire/)
- [lad lit definition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/lad-lit-definition/)
- [lad lit books](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/lad-lit-books/)
- [lad lit vs chick lit](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/lad-lit-vs-chick-lit/)
- [lad lit authors](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/lad-lit-authors/)
- [lad lit themes](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/lad-lit-themes/)
- [lad lit genre](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/lad-lit-genre/)
- [lad lit examples](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/lad-lit-examples/)
- [lad lit analysis](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/lad-lit-analysis/)
- [chick lit](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/chick-lit/)
- [chick lit books](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/chick-lit-books/)
- [female protagonists](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/female-protagonists/)
- [modern women's fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/modern-womens-fiction/)
- [chick lit authors](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/chick-lit-authors/)
- [chick lit recommendations](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/chick-lit-recommendations/)
- [chick lit book reviews](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/chick-lit-book-reviews/)
- [chick lit book list](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/chick-lit-book-list/)
- [Women's fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/womens-fiction/)
- [New adult fiction books](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/new-adult-fiction-books/)
- [coming-of-age stories](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/coming-of-age-stories/)
- [young adult to adult](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/young-adult-to-adult/)
- [young adult life skills](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/young-adult-life-skills/)
- [young adult mental health](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/young-adult-mental-health/)
- [young adult career development](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/young-adult-career-development/)
- [young adult education](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/young-adult-education/)
- [young adult personal growth](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/young-adult-personal-growth/)
- [young adult](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/young-adult/)
- [Bildungsroman definition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/bildungsroman-definition/)
- [coming of age story](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/coming-of-age-story/)
- [character development in literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/character-development-in-literature/)
- [literary genre](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/literary-genre/)
- [German literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/german-literature/)
- [narrative arc](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/narrative-arc/)
- [protagonist growth](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/protagonist-growth/)
- [Bildungsromans](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/bildungsromans/)
- [1810s neologisms](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/1810s-neologisms/)
- [historical fiction books](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/historical-fiction-books/)
- [time period](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/time-period/)
- [historical accuracy](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/historical-accuracy/)
- [historical fiction authors](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/historical-fiction-authors/)
- [historical settings](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/historical-settings/)
- [historical events](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/historical-events/)
- [best historical fiction novels](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/best-historical-fiction-novels/)
- [historical fiction genres](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/historical-fiction-genres/)
- [alternate history](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/alternate-history/)
- [alternate history fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/alternate-history-fiction/)
- [what if scenarios](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/what-if-scenarios/)
- [alternate history books](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/alternate-history-books/)
- [alternate history movies](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/alternate-history-movies/)
- [timeline changes](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/timeline-changes/)
- [parallel universes](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/parallel-universes/)
- [historical fantasy](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/historical-fantasy/)
- [time travel](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/time-travel/)
- [medieval fantasy](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/medieval-fantasy/)
- [ancient civilizations](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/ancient-civilizations/)
- [fantasy historical fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/fantasy-historical-fiction/)
- [historical fantasy novels](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/historical-fantasy-novels/)
- [mythical history](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/mythical-history/)
- [historical mysteries](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/historical-mysteries/)
- [unsolved historical enigmas](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/unsolved-historical-enigmas/)
- [historical cold cases](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/historical-cold-cases/)
- [ancient secrets](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/ancient-secrets/)
- [famous unsolved mysteries](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/famous-unsolved-mysteries/)
- [historical conspiracy theories](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/historical-conspiracy-theories/)
- [lost civilizations](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/lost-civilizations/)
- [historical riddles](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/historical-riddles/)
- [time period romance](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/time-period-romance/)
- [Regency era romance](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/regency-era-romance/)
- [historical accuracy in romance](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/historical-accuracy-in-romance/)
- [Victorian romance](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/victorian-romance/)
- [medieval romance](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/medieval-romance/)
- [historical romance book recommendations](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/historical-romance-book-recommendations/)
- [historical romance settings](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/historical-romance-settings/)
- [Regency romance](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/regency-romance/)
- [nautical fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/nautical-fiction/)
- [sea stories](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/sea-stories/)
- [maritime novels](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/maritime-novels/)
- [historical nautical fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/historical-nautical-fiction/)
- [pirate fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/pirate-fiction/)
- [captain's log](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/captains-log/)
- [underwater adventure](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/underwater-adventure/)
- [seafaring tales](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/seafaring-tales/)
- [Water transport](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/water-transport/)
- [Maritime books](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/maritime-books/)
- [Maritime folklore](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/maritime-folklore/)
- [Historical novels subgenres](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/historical-novels-subgenres/)
- [Adventure fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/adventure-fiction/)
- [The Pirate novel](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/the-pirate-novel/)
- [Rafael Sabatini](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/rafael-sabatini/)
- [17th century piracy](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/17th-century-piracy/)
- [Captain John Avery](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/captain-john-avery/)
- [metafiction definition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/metafiction-definition/)
- [self-referential storytelling](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/self-referential-storytelling/)
- [postmodern literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/postmodern-literature/)
- [narrative techniques in metafiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/narrative-techniques-in-metafiction/)
- [metafiction examples](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/metafiction-examples/)
- [intertextuality in literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/intertextuality-in-literature/)
- [authorial presence in fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/authorial-presence-in-fiction/)
- [metafiction vs. traditional fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/metafiction-vs-traditional-fiction/)
- [Metafiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/metafiction/)
- [Concepts in aesthetics](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/concepts-in-aesthetics/)
- [Concepts in epistemology](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/concepts-in-epistemology/)
- [Literary concepts](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/literary-concepts/)
- [Literature about literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/literature-about-literature/)
- [Metafictional techniques](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/metafictional-techniques/)
- [Narratology](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/narratology/)
- [Philosophical theories](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/philosophical-theories/)
- [Parodies](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/parodies/)
- [pastoral care](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/pastoral-care/)
- [pastoral life](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/pastoral-life/)
- [pastoral ministry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/pastoral-ministry/)
- [pastoral farming](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/pastoral-farming/)
- [pastoral landscapes](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/pastoral-landscapes/)
- [pastoral leadership](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/pastoral-leadership/)
- [pastoral counseling](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/pastoral-counseling/)
- [Music genres](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/music-genres/)
- [Rural culture](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/rural-culture/)
- [Animal husbandry](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/animal-husbandry/)
- [Pastoral](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/pastoral/)
- [philosophical fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/philosophical-fiction/)
- [existential themes](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/existential-themes/)
- [moral dilemmas](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/moral-dilemmas/)
- [literary analysis](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/literary-analysis/)
- [ethical questions](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/ethical-questions/)
- [existentialist literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/existentialist-literature/)
- [philosophical themes in literature](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/philosophical-themes-in-literature/)
- [human condition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/human-condition/)
- [satirical humor](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/satirical-humor/)
- [political satire](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/political-satire/)
- [social commentary](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/social-commentary/)
- [satire in media](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/satire-in-media/)
- [satirical comedy](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/satirical-comedy/)
- [satire examples](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/satire-examples/)
- [satire definition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/satire-definition/)
- [satire and irony](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/satire-and-irony/)
- [Thriller movie recommendations](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/thriller-movie-recommendations/)
- [Thriller genre definition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/thriller-genre-definition/)
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- [Thriller music genre](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/thriller-music-genre/)
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- [Thriller genres](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/thriller-genres/)
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- [comedy horror genre](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/comedy-horror-genre/)
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- [parody definition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/parody-definition/)
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- [mockery in media](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/mockery-in-media/)
- [parody vs satire](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/parody-vs-satire/)
- [how to create parody](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/how-to-create-parody/)
- [parody in pop culture](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/parody-in-pop-culture/)
- [parody techniques](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/parody-techniques/)
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- [AI in fiction](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/ai-in-fiction/)
- [scariest horror movies](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/scariest-horror-movies/)
- [best horror films](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/best-horror-films/)
- [horror movie tropes](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/horror-movie-tropes/)
- [classic horror films](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/classic-horror-films/)
- [horror movie reviews](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/horror-movie-reviews/)
- [new horror films 2023](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/new-horror-films-2023/)
- [terrifying horror movies](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/terrifying-horror-movies/)
- [scary horror movies](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/scary-horror-movies/)
- [body horror movies](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/body-horror-movies/)
- [body horror definition](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/body-horror-definition/)
- [body horror examples](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/body-horror-examples/)
- [body horror subgenre](https://lcdcompendium.com/tag/body-horror-subgenre/)

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