The Drue Heinz Literature Prize is a major American award for short stories written in English. This prize, created by the University of Pittsburgh Press in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, was started in 1981 by Drue Heinz and helped develop by Frederick A. Hetzel. It has helped writers share their short fiction with readers worldwide.

The award is given to writers who have published a book of fiction or at least three short stories or novellas in magazines or journals that publish stories. Submissions are reviewed without knowing the author's identity by well-known writers. Past judges have included Robert Penn Warren, Joyce Carol Oates, Raymond Carver, Margaret Atwood, Russell Banks, Michael Chabon, Frank Conroy, Richard Ford, John Edgar Wideman, Nadine Gordimer, and Rick Moody. The prize includes a cash award of $15,000 and publication by the University of Pittsburgh Press. The winner is announced in February each year.