Dada, or Dadaism, was an international art movement that began during World War I and its aftermath. It was influenced by the Futurist movement and first started in Zürich, Switzerland. Later, it spread quickly to Berlin, Paris, New York City, and other artistic centers in Europe and Asia.
Expressionism is a modernist movement that began in poetry and painting in Northern Europe around the start of the 20th century. A key feature of Expressionism is showing the world from a personal viewpoint, changing it greatly to create strong emotional effects and to express feelings or ideas. Expressionist artists focused on showing the meaning of emotions rather than how things look in real life.
Impressionism was an art movement from the 19th century. It was known for visible brush strokes, loose arrangements, a focus on showing light accurately, everyday scenes, uncommon viewpoints, and including movement in artwork. This style began with a group of artists in Paris.
In literary criticism, stream of consciousness is a way of telling a story that tries to show the many thoughts and feelings that go through a character’s mind. This method often uses an inner monologue, which may feel broken or have uneven punctuation. Although some critics mention earlier examples, this technique was fully developed by modernist writers in the 20th century, including Marcel Proust, James Joyce, Dorothy Richardson, and Virginia Woolf.
The New Culture Movement was a social and political movement in China during the 1910s and 1920s. People involved in the movement criticized many parts of traditional Chinese society and wanted to replace them with new ideas based on modern values, such as greater involvement of the public in government. This movement began because many people were disappointed with traditional Chinese culture after the Republic of China failed to solve China’s problems.
Ego-Futurism was a Russian literary movement that began in the 1910s. It was part of Russian Futurism and was started by Igor Severyanin and his early followers. Although it was connected to Russian Futurism, Ego-Futurism was different from the Moscow-based cubo-futurists.
Cubo-Futurism (Russian: кубофутуризм, romanized: kubofuturizm) was an art movement that developed within Russian Futurism in early 20th-century Russia. It combined elements from Italian Futurism and French Analytical Cubism. Cubo-Futurism was the primary style of painting and sculpture used by Russian Futurists.
Futurism was an artistic and cultural movement that began in Italy in the early 1900s. It also appeared in other countries, though less so. The movement focused on themes like energy, speed, technology, youth, and modern objects such as cars, airplanes, and cities.
The Mahjar movement (Arabic: المهجر, also called “the Arab diaspora”) was a literary movement that began in the early 1900s. It was started by Arabic-speaking writers who moved from Ottoman-ruled Lebanon, Syria, and Palestine to the Americas. This movement became active in the 1910s.
Modernism was a movement in the early 20th century that affected literature, visual arts, performing arts, and music. It focused on trying new ideas, using abstract styles, and exploring personal feelings. Philosophy, politics, architecture, and social problems were also connected to this movement.