Culteranismo was a writing style from the Baroque period in Spanish history. It is also called Gongorismo, named after Luis de Góngora. This movement started in the late 1500s with Góngora’s work and continued into the 1600s.

Culteranismo used fancy and complicated words. Its messages were hard to understand because of many metaphors and complex sentence structures. The name comes from "culto" (meaning "cultivated") and "luteranismo" (meaning "Lutheranism"). People who opposed this style used the name to suggest it was a kind of false or incorrect poetry.

Poetry from this movement often used many words to say little or hide meaning. It also included Latin-style sentences and references to myths.

Culteranismo was very different from conceptismo, another Baroque movement. Conceptismo used simple words, clever wordplay, and tried to say many things in few words. Francisco de Quevedo, a famous writer of conceptismo, had a long disagreement with Luis de Góngora. They criticized each other’s writing and personal lives.

Other writers who used this style included Hortensio Félix Paravicino.