The Misty Poets (Chinese: 朦胧诗人; pinyin: Ménglóng Shīrén) were a group of Chinese poets from the 20th century who opposed the limits placed on art during the Cultural Revolution. Their poetry was officially criticized as “hard to understand” or “foggy.” However, poet Gu Cheng explained that the main feature of their work is its realism, which begins with observing the world clearly and then shifts to expressing personal feelings. The movement started with a magazine called Jintian, created by Bei Dao and Mang Ke.
The Language poets, also called L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E poets after a magazine with that name, are a group of American poets who began in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Some of the poets in this group include Bernadette Mayer, Leslie Scalapino, Stephen Rodefer, Bruce Andrews, Charles Bernstein, Ron Silliman, Barrett Watten, Lyn Hejinian, Tom Mandel, Bob Perelman, Rae Armantrout, Alan Davies, Carla Harryman, Clark Coolidge, Hannah Weiner, Susan Howe, James Sherry, and Tina Darragh. Language poetry focuses on how readers create meaning from a poem.
The British Poetry Revival is the name now used to describe a group of poets in the United Kingdom during the late 1960s and 1970s. The term “British Poetry Revival” was first used in 1964 to introduce the idea of a new style of British poetry, similar to an anthology called The New American Poetry (1960), which was edited by Donald Allen. The Revival was a response inspired by modernist ideas, opposing the more traditional approach of a group called the Movement.
Minimalism is an art movement that began after World War II in Western art. It is often seen as a response to abstract expressionism and modernism. This movement influenced later art styles that either expanded on or thoughtfully examined minimalism’s original goals.
• The New Wave, French New Wave, or Nouvelle Vague, the first New Wave cinema movement • Australian New Wave • Austrian New Wave • Indian New Wave, or Parallel cinema • Japanese New Wave, or Nuberu Bagu, which also happened at the same time as the French Nouvelle Vague • Persian New Wave, or Iranian New Wave, began in the 1960s • New German Cinema, a new wave of German cinema • Berlin School (filmmaking), also called Nouvelle Vague Allemand, the second new wave of German cinema • New Nigerian Cinema, also called Nigerian New Wave • Czechoslovak New Wave • Cinema Novo or Novo Cinema, a movement in Brazilian and Portuguese film • Hong Kong New Wave, a movement in Hong Kong film led by Tsui Hark • Philippine New Wave, also called Filipino New Wave or Contemporary Philippine Cinema • Romanian New Wave • British New Wave • Taiwan New Wave • Thai New Wave • Toronto New Wave • New Hollywood, also called the American New Wave • New generation (Malayalam film movement), a new wave in Indian Malayalam cinema • Mexican (‘Nuevo Cine Mexicano’)
The Black Arts Movement (BAM) was an art movement led by African Americans during the 1960s and 1970s. It used art and activism to create new cultural groups and share messages about black pride. BAM grew from the work of artists during the Harlem Renaissance.
The Hungry Generation (Bengali: ক্ষুধার্ত প্রজন্ম) was a literary movement in the Bengali language started by a group of four writers known today as the Hungryalist quartet. These writers were Shakti Chattopadhyay, Malay Roy Choudhury, Samir Roychoudhury, and Debi Roy (also known as Haradhon Dhara). The movement began in the 1960s in Kolkata, India.
Postmodernism includes many different artistic, cultural, and philosophical ideas. It began in the middle of the 20th century as a way to question modernism. Postmodernism focuses on how meaning can change, rejects the idea of one true answer for everything, and challenges big stories or ideas that explain the world.
Oulipo (French pronunciation: [ulipo], short for French: Ouvroir de littérature potentielle; translated as “workshop of potential literature,” stylized as OuLiPo) is a group of mainly French-speaking writers and mathematicians who create works using specific writing rules. It was started in 1960 by Raymond Queneau and François Le Lionnais. Other important members include novelists Georges Perec and Italo Calvino, poets Oskar Pastior and Jean Lescure, and poet/mathematician Jacques Roubaud.
Village prose (Russian: Деревенская проза, or Деревенская литература) was a movement in Soviet literature that began during the Khrushchev Thaw. This movement included works that focused on life in Soviet rural communities. Some people believe that critical essays about collectivization in the magazine Novyi mir by Valentin Ovechkin started the village prose movement.