The Irish Literary Revival, also known as the Irish Literary Renaissance, was a time in the late 1800s and early 1900s when many Irish writers, artists, and musicians created great works. This period included poetry, music, art, and literature. One of the most important people during this time was W.
Russian symbolism was a movement in ideas, writing, and art that was most common during the late 1800s and early 1900s. It started independently from symbolism in Western Europe and focused on making things seem unfamiliar and exploring the mystical ideas of Sophiology.
Symbolism was an art movement that began in the late 1800s in France and Belgium. It appeared in poetry and other forms of art and aimed to show important ideas using symbols and metaphors. This movement was a response to naturalism and realism.
Franco-American literature includes works written in English and French by French-Canadian American authors. These authors were born in New England or Canada, lived most of their lives in New England, or visited New England and wrote about their experiences. The term “Franco-American literature” also includes novels written by people from the Great Lakes Region who moved to new areas.
Parnassianism (or Parnassism) was a group of French poets that started during the positivist period of the 19th century (1860s–1890s). It came after Romanticism and before Symbolism. The style was influenced by the writer Théophile Gautier and by the ideas of the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer.
Aestheticism, also called the aesthetic movement, was an art movement in the late 1800s. It focused on the beauty of art, music, literature, and design rather than their usefulness. Aestheticism believed that art should be created to be beautiful, not to teach lessons or serve other purposes.
The Decadent movement, named from the French word décadence, which means “decay,” was an artistic and literary movement that began in the late 1800s. It was centered in Western Europe and focused on ideas that valued extravagance and artificial beauty. The movement started in France and later spread to other parts of Europe and the United States.
The term neo-romanticism refers to different movements in philosophy, literature, music, painting, and architecture, as well as social groups, that began after the Romanticism era and include parts of it. It has been used to describe late 1800s composers like Richard Wagner, especially by Carl Dahlhaus, who called Wagner’s music “a final example of Romanticism in an age focused on science and reason.” Dahlhaus connects neo-romanticism with the time period from about 1850 to 1890, which he calls “the age of Wagner.” This era ended with the start of modernism, led early on by composers Richard Strauss and Gustav Mahler (Dahlhaus 1979, 98–99, 102, 105). The term has also been used for writers, painters, and composers who rejected or opposed realism, naturalism, or modernist movements that were new and different, from around 1840 until today.
Magical realism, also called magic realism or marvellous realism, is a style of writing and art that shows the real world while also including magical or unusual elements. This style mixes real and magical things, making it hard to tell where real life ends and imagination begins. Magical realism is the most common term used and focuses on stories, especially in books and plays, where magical or supernatural events happen in a normal, everyday setting.
Dirty realism is a term created by Bill Buford of Granta magazine to describe a literary movement in North America. Writers connected to this type of realism focus on the less glamorous or everyday parts of life, using simple and straightforward language.