American realism was an art, music, and literature movement that showed everyday life and social situations of ordinary people. It started in literature around the middle of the 19th century and became a major style in visual art during the early 20th century. Whether showing people’s lives or scenes like downtown New York City, American realist works aimed to show what was truly real.
Socialist realism, also called socrealism (from Russian sotsrealizm), is a style of art that shows life in a positive and realistic way. It was created in the Soviet Union and was the main cultural rule in that country from 1932 to 1988. It was also used in other socialist countries after World War II.
Social realism is art created by painters, printmakers, photographers, writers, filmmakers, and some musicians. This art focuses on showing the real social and political problems faced by the working class. It is used to point out unfair power structures that cause these problems.
Verismo, which means “realism” in Italian (from the word vero, meaning “true”), was an Italian literary movement that was most popular between about 1875 and the early 1900s. Sicilian writers Giovanni Verga, Luigi Capuana, and Federico De Roberto were the main writers of this movement. Capuana wrote the novel Giacinta, which is often seen as the key work of Italian verismo.
Transcendentalism is a movement that focuses on ideas, beliefs, and writing. It began in the late 1820s and 1830s in New England, a region of the United States. A key idea is that people and nature are naturally good, but society and its rules have made people less pure.
The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (PRB), later called the Pre-Raphaelites, was a group of English painters, poets, and art critics. It was formed in 1848 by seven members: William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Michael Rossetti, James Collinson, Frederic George Stephens, and Thomas Woolner. The group was inspired by the Nazarene movement, but it was not an official organization.
The term “Lake Poets” describes a group of English poets who lived in the Lake District of North West England during the first half of the nineteenth century. As a group, they did not follow one specific way of thinking or writing style that was popular at the time. The Edinburgh Review gave them this name, but it also criticized them harshly.
Dark Romanticism is a type of Romanticism, a literary style that shows people’s interest in strange, scary, and unusual ideas. It is often confused with Gothic fiction, which also includes dark and mysterious themes. This style began in the 18th century and has always been connected to the more joyful Romantic movement.
Romanticism, also called the Romantic movement or Romantic era, was an artistic and intellectual movement that began in Europe near the end of the 18th century. It aimed to highlight the importance of personal feelings, imagination, and the beauty of nature in society and culture. This movement arose as a response to the Age of Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution.